Articles | Volume 7, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-349-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Collection:
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-349-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Review article
| 
07 Dec 2015
Review article |
| 07 Dec 2015
Global Carbon Budget 2015
C. Le Quéré
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
R. Moriarty
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
R. M. Andrew
Center for International Climate and Environmental Research – Oslo (CICERO), Oslo, Norway
J. G. Canadell
Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 3023, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
S. Sitch
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
J. I. Korsbakken
Center for International Climate and Environmental Research – Oslo (CICERO), Oslo, Norway
P. Friedlingstein
College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
G. P. Peters
Center for International Climate and Environmental Research – Oslo (CICERO), Oslo, Norway
R. J. Andres
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
T. A. Boden
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
R. A. Houghton
Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC), Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
J. I. House
Cabot Institute, Department of Geography, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
R. F. Keeling
University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0244, USA
P. Tans
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL), Boulder, CO 80305, USA
A. Arneth
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
D. C. E. Bakker
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
L. Barbero
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (NOAA/AOML), Miami, FL 33149, USA
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif sur Yvette CEDEX, France
J. Chang
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif sur Yvette CEDEX, France
F. Chevallier
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif sur Yvette CEDEX, France
L. P. Chini
Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif sur Yvette CEDEX, France
M. Fader
Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée, Bâtiment Villemin, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence CEDEX 04, France
R. A. Feely
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA/PMEL), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
T. Gkritzalis
Flanders Marine Institute, InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
I. Harris
Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
T. Ilyina
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
A. K. Jain
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61821, USA
Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
V. Kitidis
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
K. Klein Goldewijk
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague/Bilthoven and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
P. Landschützer
Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
S. K. Lauvset
Uni Research Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allegt. 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway
N. Lefèvre
Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN/IPSL Laboratory, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
A. Lenton
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, P.O. Box 1538 Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
I. D. Lima
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
N. Metzl
Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN/IPSL Laboratory, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
F. Millero
Department of Ocean Sciences, RSMAS/MAC, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
D. R. Munro
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Campus Box 450 Boulder, CO 80309-0450, USA
A. Murata
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushimacho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture 237-0061, Japan
J. E. M. S. Nabel
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
S. Nakaoka
Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Y. Nojiri
Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
K. O'Brien
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allégaten 70, 5007 Bergen, Norway
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Allégaten 70, 5007 Bergen, Norway
National Research Institute for Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
F. F. Pérez
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6. Vigo. Pontevedra, 36208, Spain
B. Pfeil
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allégaten 70, 5007 Bergen, Norway
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Allégaten 70, 5007 Bergen, Norway
D. Pierrot
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (NOAA/AOML), Miami, FL 33149, USA
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
B. Poulter
Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
G. Rehder
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
C. Rödenbeck
Max Planck Institut für Biogeochemie, P.O. Box 600164, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
S. Saito
Marine Division, Global Environment and Marine Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan
U. Schuster
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
J. Schwinger
Uni Research Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allegt. 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway
R. Séférian
Centre National de Recherche Météorologique–Groupe d'Etude de l'Atmosphère Météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Météo-France/CNRS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31100 Toulouse, France
T. Steinhoff
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
B. D. Stocker
Climate and Environmental Physics, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Imperial College London, Life Science Department, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
A. J. Sutton
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA/PMEL), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
T. Takahashi
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
B. Tilbrook
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Co-operative Research Centre, Hobart, Australia
I. T. van der Laan-Luijkx
Department of Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
ICOS-Carbon Portal, c/o Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
G. R. van der Werf
Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
S. van Heuven
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ 't Horntje (Texel), the Netherlands
D. Vandemark
University of New Hampshire, Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, 161 Morse Hall, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif sur Yvette CEDEX, France
A. Wiltshire
Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK
S. Zaehle
Max Planck Institut für Biogeochemie, P.O. Box 600164, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
N. Zeng
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Short summary
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. We describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on a range of data and models and their interpretation by a broad scientific community.
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and their redistribution among the...
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