To better read past landscape and climate changes from seafloor sediments, we built a paired record of plant pollen and spores from 430 Bohai Sea samples and 104 river samples from 16 rivers. The results show that pine pollen is more common in deeper, offshore areas, while grasses and salt-tolerant plants are more common near coasts and river mouths. This open dataset helps researchers judge how rivers, wind, and water depth shape the plant signals preserved in sea sediments.