Articles | Volume 18, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-6741-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-6741-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
| 
11 Sep 2026
Data description article |
| 11 Sep 2026
| 11 Sep 2026
Global and national lime process emissions and carbonation sink from 1930 to 2024
Longfei Bing
Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang 110016, China
National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, China
Xiaoyu Zhang
Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Le Niu
Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Zhi Cao
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang 110016, China
National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, China
Jiajie Li
Institute of Mineral Resources, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Xue Jiang
Institute of Mineral Resources, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Baowu Resources Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China
Fengming Xi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Institute of Mineral Resources, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang 110016, China
National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, China
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This is about global and regional cement process carbon emissions and CO2 uptake calculations from 1930 to 2019. The global cement production is rising to 4.4 Gt, causing processing carbon emission of 1.81 Gt (95% CI: 1.75–1.88 Gt CO2) in 2021. Plus, in 2021, cement’s carbon accumulated uptake (22.9 Gt, 95% CI: 19.6–22.6 Gt CO2) has offset 55.2% of cement process CO2 emissions (41.5 Gt, 95% CI: 38.7–47.1 Gt CO2) since 1930.
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We provided CO2 uptake inventory for global lime materials from 1930–2020, The majority of CO2 uptake was from the lime in China.
Our dataset and the accounting mathematical model may serve as a set of tools to improve the CO2 emission inventories and provide data support for policymakers to formulate scientific and reasonable policies under
carbon neutraltarget.
Le Niu, Songbin Wu, Robbie M. Andrew, Zi Shao, Jiaoyue Wang, and Fengming Xi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2231–2247, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2231-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2231-2025, 2025
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This study provides an accurate bottom-up quantification of cement carbonation sinks at national and global levels. It shows that the global CO2 uptake by cement materials increased from 7.74 Mt yr-1 in 1928 to 0.84 Gt yr-1 in 2023; for 2024, this value is projected to be 0.86 Gt yr-1. The accumulated CO2 uptake offsets about 46 % of cement process emissions. Dominance with respect to cement carbon uptake has shifted from the USA, Japan, and some European countries to emerging economies such as China and India.
Zi Huang, Jiaoyue Wang, Longfei Bing, Yijiao Qiu, Rui Guo, Ying Yu, Mingjing Ma, Le Niu, Dan Tong, Robbie M. Andrew, Pierre Friedlingstein, Josep G. Canadell, Fengming Xi, and Zhu Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4947–4958, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4947-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4947-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is about global and regional cement process carbon emissions and CO2 uptake calculations from 1930 to 2019. The global cement production is rising to 4.4 Gt, causing processing carbon emission of 1.81 Gt (95% CI: 1.75–1.88 Gt CO2) in 2021. Plus, in 2021, cement’s carbon accumulated uptake (22.9 Gt, 95% CI: 19.6–22.6 Gt CO2) has offset 55.2% of cement process CO2 emissions (41.5 Gt, 95% CI: 38.7–47.1 Gt CO2) since 1930.
Longfei Bing, Mingjing Ma, Lili Liu, Jiaoyue Wang, Le Niu, and Fengming Xi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2431–2444, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2431-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2431-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provided CO2 uptake inventory for global lime materials from 1930–2020, The majority of CO2 uptake was from the lime in China.
Our dataset and the accounting mathematical model may serve as a set of tools to improve the CO2 emission inventories and provide data support for policymakers to formulate scientific and reasonable policies under
carbon neutraltarget.
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Short summary
This study provides a clearer understanding of how lime production affects the climate by simultaneously assessing the carbon dioxide released during production and the amount subsequently reabsorbed. Based on historical data from 1930 to 2024 across major producing countries, we developed a comprehensive global dataset.
This study provides a clearer understanding of how lime production affects the climate by...
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