Climate Modes evaluation datasets from CMIP6 pre-industrial control simulations and observations

Mohapatra, Sandeep; Sen Gupta, Alex; Bindoff, Nathaniel L.; Lyu, Yuxuan

doi:10.5194/essd-18-5463-2026

Articles | Volume 18, issue 7

https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5463-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5463-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 18, issue 7

Data description article

|

27 Jul 2026

Data description article |

| 27 Jul 2026

Climate Modes evaluation datasets from CMIP6 pre-industrial control simulations and observations

Sandeep Mohapatra, Alex Sen Gupta, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and Yuxuan Lyu

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5463-2026-supplement

Data sets

Climate Mode Datasets and Generating Codes from CMIP6 Pre-Industrial Control Simulations and Observations Sandeep Mohapatra et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19906050

ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present Copernicus Climate Change Service https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.f17050d7

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model output World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip6/

NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 5 (ERSSTv5) NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) https://downloads.psl.noaa.gov/Datasets/noaa.ersst.v5/

Ocean Reanalysis System 5 (ORAS5) monthly ocean reanalysis data European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/las/v6/dataset?catitem=16535

Model code and software

ClimateMode-Analysis v1.0.0 S. Mohapatra et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21397915

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Short summary

This study provides a new open-access datasets that capture how natural climate patterns shape the global climate. The datasets are built from climate model simulations and observations, allowing researcher to see how well models reproduce natural climate behaviour. Our openly available datasets will help researchers to better distinguish natural climate variability from human-caused changes. These resources also provide a foundation for improving climate models and long-term projections.