Articles | Volume 18, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5093-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5093-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Unveiling the deep ocean warming: observed bottom ocean dataset across Mediterranean Sea
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy
Beatrice Giambenedetti
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy
Davide Embriaco
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via S. Teresa, Pozzuolo 19032 Lerici (SP), Italy
Paolo Bagiacchi
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy
Claudia Fratianni
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologne, Italy
Riccardo Vagni
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via S. Teresa, Pozzuolo 19032 Lerici (SP), Italy
Giuditta Marinaro
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy
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This work compiles current marine observation capabilities in the Mediterranean Sea, making this information accessible to scientists, organizations, stakeholders, and environmental policymakers. It supports initiatives such as Copernicus Marine Service, EMODNet, the European Ocean Pact, and EU directives. It is intended as a living resource to be updated, identifying strengths and gaps in Mediterranean observation systems.
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We used a simplified model to investigate how changes in abyssal stratification can impact the propagation of vortices in the ocean. Although abyssal stratification is typically considered stable, observations have shown that this is not always a good approximation. We found that changes in deep stratification can introduce variability into the patterns of the vortices. Despite the assumptions made in our model, our results are supported by seafloor observations in the Ionian Sea.
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This work compiles current marine observation capabilities in the Mediterranean Sea, making this information accessible to scientists, organizations, stakeholders, and environmental policymakers. It supports initiatives such as Copernicus Marine Service, EMODNet, the European Ocean Pact, and EU directives. It is intended as a living resource to be updated, identifying strengths and gaps in Mediterranean observation systems.
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This data review is about the reprocessing of historical eXpendable BathyThermograp (XBT) profiles from the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas over the time period 1999–2019. A new automated quality control analysis has been performed starting from the original raw data and operational log sheets. The data have been formatted and standardized according to the latest community best practices, and all available metadata have been inserted, including calibration information and uncertainty specification.
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We used a simplified model to investigate how changes in abyssal stratification can impact the propagation of vortices in the ocean. Although abyssal stratification is typically considered stable, observations have shown that this is not always a good approximation. We found that changes in deep stratification can introduce variability into the patterns of the vortices. Despite the assumptions made in our model, our results are supported by seafloor observations in the Ionian Sea.
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Short summary
We present a set of long-term, high-resolution oceanographic datasets collected by benthic observatories in the deep Mediterranean Sea. These records provide valuable insights into deep-ocean dynamics and their potential influence on climate variability. Standardized post-processing and quality-control procedures ensure data reliability and usability for further analyses and model validation, helping to address key gaps in deep-sea monitoring and observation.
We present a set of long-term, high-resolution oceanographic datasets collected by benthic...
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