Articles | Volume 18, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3341-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3341-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
| 
19 May 2026
Data description article |
| 19 May 2026
| 19 May 2026
CoralCache: a virtual coral core repository for transparent and reproducible annual growth rate analyses
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
Oliwia Jasnos
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
Avi Strange
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
Andreas Andersson
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Angel T. Bautista VII
Department of Science and Technology – Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI), Quezon City, NCR 1101, Philippines
Sierra Bloomer
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
Isaiah W. Bolden
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Maartje Bosman
School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Thomas C. Brachert
Institute for Earth System Science and Remote Sensing, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Giulia B. Braz
Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 – 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Gabriel O. Cardoso
Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet
Laboratorio de Esclerocronología de Corales Arrecifales, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, ICML, UNAM, Puerto Morelos, México
Jessica E. Carilli
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Sydney, Australia
now at: Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA, USA
Karl D. Castillo
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Leticia Cavole
School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Sylvia Chan
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Xuefei Chen
State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Ben Chomitz
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, USA
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
Thierry Correge
Université de Bordeaux (UMR EPOC – OASU CNRS 5805) Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023 33615 Pessac, France
Travis A. Courtney
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
Mikayla Deigan
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Juan Pablo D'Olivo
Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
Robert Dunbar
Oceans Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Ian C. Enochs
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, USA
Ludmilla Falsarella
Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, Brazil
Thomas Felis
MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Gabriela Gutierrez-Estrada
Laboratorio de Esclerocronología de Corales Arrecifales, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, ICML, UNAM, Puerto Morelos, México
Brighton Hedger
NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
Shijian Hu
College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, JS, China
Seamus Jameson
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Stacy Jupiter
Global Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, 10460, USA
Paul Kench
University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
Diego K. Kersting
Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Spain
Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
Yi-Wei Liu
Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Carla A. B. Lorigados
Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 – 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Derek P. Manzello
Coral Reef Watch, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College Park, MD, USA
Malcolm T. McCulloch
The University of Western Australia, Oceans Institute, Western Australia 6009, Australia
Miguel Mies
Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 – 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Rodrigo L. Moura
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ferdinand Oberle
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Natan Pereira
PGQA, Department of Exact and Earth Science, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Nancy Prouty
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Riovie D. Ramos
Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
Haojia Ren
Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Emma Ryan
School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Diane M. Thompson
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Lauren T. Toth
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
Marina J. Vergotti
Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Jody M. Webster
Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Jens Zinke
School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Marina J. Vergotti, Diego K. Kersting, Thomas C. Brachert, Steeve Comeau, Daniel A. Frick, Ed C. Hathorne, Michael J. Henehan, Josefine Holtz, Nuria Teixidó, Valby van Schijndel, and Juan Pablo D'Olivo
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Alyssa R. Atwood, Andrea L. Moore, Kristine L. DeLong, Sylvia E. Long, Sara C. Sanchez, Jessica A. Hargreaves, Chandler A. Morris, Raquel E. Pauly, Émilie P. Dassié, Thomas Felis, Antje H. L. Voelker, Sujata A. Murty, and Kim M. Cobb
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Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 1405–1462, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1405-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1405-2026, 2026
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Ram Singh, Alexander Koch, Allegra N. LeGrande, Kostas Tsigaridis, Riovie D. Ramos, Francis Ludlow, Igor Aleinov, Reto Ruedy, and Jed O. Kaplan
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We studied nitrogen pollution in Taiwan's mountain forests to track how urban emissions reach and transform in remote areas. Isotope analysis and statistical modeling revealed that combustion sources contributed 50–83 % of ammonia, while nitrate forms continuously from urban to rural sampling sites. The findings show that persistent urban pollution strongly impacts mountain ecosystems, offering key insights for air quality management.
Alexandra Auderset, Sandi M. Smart, Yeongjun Ryu, Dario Marconi, Haojia Abby Ren, Lena Heins, Hubert Vonhof, Ralf Schiebel, Janne Repschläger, Daniel M. Sigman, Gerald H. Haug, and Alfredo Martínez-García
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Biogeosciences, 22, 863–957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025, 2025
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Paleo-oxygen proxies can extend current records, constrain pre-anthropogenic baselines, provide datasets necessary to test climate models under different boundary conditions, and ultimately understand how ocean oxygenation responds on longer timescales. Here we summarize current proxies used for the reconstruction of Cenozoic seawater oxygen levels. This includes an overview of the proxy's history, how it works, resources required, limitations, and future recommendations.
Miriam Pfeiffer, Hideko Takayanagi, Lars Reuning, Takaaki K. Watanabe, Saori Ito, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Tsuyoshi Watanabe, Chung-Che Wu, Chuan-Chou Shen, Jens Zinke, Geert-Jan A. Brummer, and Sri Yudawati Cahyarini
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A coral reconstruction of past climate shows changes in the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature in the south-eastern tropical Indian Ocean. An enhanced seasonal cycle suggests that the tropical rainfall belt shifted northwards between 1856–1918. We explain this with greater warming in the north-eastern Indian Ocean relative to the south-east, which strengthens surface winds and coastal upwelling in the eastern Indian Ocean, leading to greater cooling south of the Equator.
Riss M. Kell, Rebecca J. Chmiel, Deepa Rao, Dawn M. Moran, Matthew R. McIlvin, Tristan J. Horner, Nicole L. Schanke, Ichiko Sugiyama, Robert B. Dunbar, Giacomo R. DiTullio, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 21, 5685–5706, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5685-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5685-2024, 2024
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Despite interest in modeling the biogeochemical uptake and cycling of the trace metal zinc (Zn), measurements of Zn uptake in natural marine phytoplankton communities have not been conducted previously. To fill this gap, we employed a stable isotope uptake rate measurement method to quantify Zn uptake into natural phytoplankton assemblages within the Southern Ocean. Zn demand was high and rapid enough to depress the inventory of Zn available to phytoplankton on seasonal timescales.
Ariella K. Arzey, Helen V. McGregor, Tara R. Clark, Jody M. Webster, Stephen E. Lewis, Jennie Mallela, Nicholas P. McKay, Hugo W. Fahey, Supriyo Chakraborty, Tries B. Razak, and Matt J. Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4869–4930, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4869-2024, 2024
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Coral skeletal records from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) provide vital data on climate and environmental change. Presented here is the Great Barrier Reef Coral Skeletal Records Database, an extensive compilation of GBR coral records. The database includes key metadata, primary data, and access instructions, and it enhances research on past, present, and future climate and environmental variability of the GBR. The database will assist with contextualising present-day threats to reefs globally.
Andrew N. Hennig, David A. Mucciarone, Stanley S. Jacobs, Richard A. Mortlock, and Robert B. Dunbar
The Cryosphere, 18, 791–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-791-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-791-2024, 2024
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A total of 937 seawater paired oxygen isotope (δ18O)–salinity samples collected during seven cruises on the SE Amundsen Sea between 1994 and 2020 reveal a deep freshwater source with δ18O − 29.4±1.0‰, consistent with the signature of local ice shelf melt. Local mean meteoric water content – comprised primarily of glacial meltwater – increased between 1994 and 2020 but exhibited greater interannual variability than increasing trend.
Rachel M. Walter, Hussein R. Sayani, Thomas Felis, Kim M. Cobb, Nerilie J. Abram, Ariella K. Arzey, Alyssa R. Atwood, Logan D. Brenner, Émilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Bethany Ellis, Julien Emile-Geay, Matthew J. Fischer, Nathalie F. Goodkin, Jessica A. Hargreaves, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Hedwig Krawczyk, Nicholas P. McKay, Andrea L. Moore, Sujata A. Murty, Maria Rosabelle Ong, Riovie D. Ramos, Emma V. Reed, Dhrubajyoti Samanta, Sara C. Sanchez, Jens Zinke, and the PAGES CoralHydro2k Project Members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2081–2116, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023, 2023
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Accurately quantifying how the global hydrological cycle will change in the future remains challenging due to the limited availability of historical climate data from the tropics. Here we present the CoralHydro2k database – a new compilation of peer-reviewed coral-based climate records from the last 2000 years. This paper details the records included in the database and where the database can be accessed and demonstrates how the database can investigate past tropical climate variability.
Walid Naciri, Arnoud Boom, Matthew Payne, Nicola Browne, Noreen J. Evans, Philip Holdship, Kai Rankenburg, Ramasamy Nagarajan, Bradley J. McDonald, Jennifer McIlwain, and Jens Zinke
Biogeosciences, 20, 1587–1604, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1587-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1587-2023, 2023
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In this study, we tested the ability of massive boulder-like corals to act as archives of land use in Malaysian Borneo to palliate the lack of accurate instrumental data on deforestation before the 1980s. We used mass spectrometry to measure trace element ratios in coral cores to use as a proxy for sediment in river discharge. Results showed an extremely similar increase between our proxy and the river discharge instrumental record, demonstrating the use of these corals as reliable archives.
Ting-Yu Chen, Chia-Li Chen, Yi-Chi Chen, Charles C.-K. Chou, Haojia Ren, and Hui-Ming Hung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13001–13012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13001-2022, 2022
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The anthropogenic influence on aerosol composition in a downstream river-valley forest was investigated using FTIR and isotope analysis. A higher N-containing species concentration during daytime fog events indicates that a stronger inversion leads to higher pollutant concentrations, and the fog enhances the aqueous-phase chemical processes. Moreover, the observed size-dependent oxygen isotope suggests the contribution of organic peroxyl radicals to local nitrate formation for small particles.
Philipp M. Spreter, Markus Reuter, Regina Mertz-Kraus, Oliver Taylor, and Thomas C. Brachert
Biogeosciences, 19, 3559–3573, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3559-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3559-2022, 2022
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We investigate the calcification rate of reef corals from an upwelling zone, where low seawater pH and high nutrient concentrations represent a recent analogue for the future ocean. Calcification rate of the corals largely relies on extension growth. Variable responses of extension growth to nutrients either compensate or exacerbate negative effects of weak skeletal thickening associated with low seawater pH – a mechanism that is critical for the persistence of coral reefs under global change.
Jens Zinke, Takaaki K. Watanabe, Siren Rühs, Miriam Pfeiffer, Stefan Grab, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, and Arne Biastoch
Clim. Past, 18, 1453–1474, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1453-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1453-2022, 2022
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Salinity is an important and integrative measure of changes to the water cycle steered by changes to the balance between rainfall and evaporation and by vertical and horizontal movements of water parcels by ocean currents. However, salinity measurements in our oceans are extremely sparse. To fill this gap, we have developed a 334-year coral record of seawater oxygen isotopes that reflects salinity changes in the globally important Agulhas Current system and reveals its main oceanic drivers.
Erica L. Ashe, Nicole S. Khan, Lauren T. Toth, Andrea Dutton, and Robert E. Kopp
Adv. Stat. Clim. Meteorol. Oceanogr., 8, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/ascmo-8-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ascmo-8-1-2022, 2022
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We develop a new technique to integrate realistic uncertainties in probabilistic models of past sea-level change. The new framework performs better than past methods (in precision, accuracy, bias, and model fit) because it enables the incorporation of previously unused data and exploits correlations in the data. This method has the potential to assess the validity of past estimates of extreme sea-level rise and highstands providing better context in which to place current sea-level change.
Helen E. Phillips, Amit Tandon, Ryo Furue, Raleigh Hood, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Jessica A. Benthuysen, Viviane Menezes, Shijian Hu, Ben Webber, Alejandra Sanchez-Franks, Deepak Cherian, Emily Shroyer, Ming Feng, Hemantha Wijesekera, Abhisek Chatterjee, Lisan Yu, Juliet Hermes, Raghu Murtugudde, Tomoki Tozuka, Danielle Su, Arvind Singh, Luca Centurioni, Satya Prakash, and Jerry Wiggert
Ocean Sci., 17, 1677–1751, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1677-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1677-2021, 2021
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Over the past decade, understanding of the Indian Ocean has progressed through new observations and advances in theory and models of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation. This review brings together new understanding of the ocean–atmosphere system in the Indian Ocean, describing Indian Ocean circulation patterns, air–sea interactions, climate variability, and the critical role of the Indian Ocean as a clearing house for anthropogenic heat.
Karla Rubio-Sandoval, Alessio Rovere, Ciro Cerrone, Paolo Stocchi, Thomas Lorscheid, Thomas Felis, Ann-Kathrin Petersen, and Deirdre D. Ryan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4819–4845, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4819-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4819-2021, 2021
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The Last Interglacial (LIG) is a warm period characterized by a higher-than-present sea level. For this reason, scientists use it as an analog for future climatic conditions. In this paper, we use the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines database to standardize LIG sea-level data along the coasts of the western Atlantic and mainland Caribbean, identifying 55 unique sea-level indicators.
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Short summary
We present CoralCache, a virtual coral core repository with global coverage. This repository fills a key gap by enabling researchers to transparently archive and share the raw core image datasets and the visual interpretations of those images, rather than simply the summarized growth rate data, which on their own cannot be traced or precisely reproduced. CoralCache is designed to meet the data-sharing principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR).
We present CoralCache, a virtual coral core repository with global coverage. This repository...
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