Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Articles | Volume 18, issue 5
Articles | Volume 18, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3109-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3109-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 5
Data review article
 | 
11 May 2026
Data review article |  | 11 May 2026

State-of-the-art hydrological datasets exhibit low water balance consistency globally

Hao Huang, Junguo Liu, Aifang Chen, Melissa Ruiz-Vásquez, and René Orth

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Short summary
Hydrological research benefits from a growing number and diversity of datasets. However, the consistency across the increasing suite of datasets is unclear, limiting the comparability of findings derived from different datasets and variables. We find overall low consistency of numerous state-of-the-art precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, and soil moisture datasets in terms of the water balance. Meanwhile, the water balance consistency varies across space, sources, variables, and time.
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