Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6681-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6681-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
ESS Visions
 | 
02 Dec 2025
ESS Visions |  | 02 Dec 2025

Monitoring CO2 in diverse European cities: highlighting needs and challenges through characterisation

Ida Storm, Ute Karstens, Claudio D'Onofrio, Alex Vermeulen, Samuel Hammer, Ingrid Super, Theo Glauch, and Wouter Peters

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Short summary
Many cities are committed to ambitious CO2 emission reduction targets, supported by climate action plans. Atmospheric measurements are essential to verify that these efforts lead to the expected reductions. Here, we characterise and compare 96 European cities across 18 metrics, linking them to four major challenges in CO2 emissions monitoring. Our framework includes a tool with additional cities and metrics, as well as "mapbooks" for the 96 cities.
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