Articles | Volume 17, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3807-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3807-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
21 Aug 2025
Data description paper |
| 21 Aug 2025
| 21 Aug 2025
The JapanFlux2024 dataset for eddy covariance observations covering Japan and East Asia from 1990 to 2023
Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
Yuta Takao
Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
Hiromi Yazawa
Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
Makiko Tanaka
Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
Hironori Yabuki
National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
Tomo'omi Kumagai
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Hiroki Iwata
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
Md. Abdul Awal
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
Mingyuan Du
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang 830011, China
Yoshinobu Harazono
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
Yoshiaki Hata
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Takashi Hirano
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
Tsutom Hiura
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Reiko Ide
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
Sachinobu Ishida
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
Mamoru Ishikawa
Faculty of Earth Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
Kenzo Kitamura
Kyushu Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kumamoto 860-0862, Japan
Yuji Kominami
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
Shujiro Komiya
Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
Ayumi Kotani
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
Yuta Inoue
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
Takashi Machimura
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
Kazuho Matsumoto
Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
Yojiro Matsuura
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
Yasuko Mizoguchi
Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
Shohei Murayama
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
Hirohiko Nagano
Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
Taro Nakai
School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
Tatsuro Nakaji
Sapporo Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan
Ko Nakaya
Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko 270-1194, Japan
Shinjiro Ohkubo
Forestry Research Institute, Forest Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Bibai 079-0198, Japan
Takeshi Ohta
Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
retired
Keisuke Ono
Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
Taku M. Saitoh
Center for Environmental and Societal Sustainability, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Ayaka Sakabe
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
Takanori Shimizu
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
Seiji Shimoda
Memuro Research Station, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, (HARC/M /NARO), Memuro 082-0081, Japan
Michiaki Sugita
Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
Kentaro Takagi
Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu 098-2943, Japan
Yoshiyuki Takahashi
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
Naoya Takamura
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Satoru Takanashi
Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
Takahiro Takimoto
Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
Yukio Yasuda
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
Qinxue Wang
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
Jun Asanuma
Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics (CRiED), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
Hideo Hasegawa
Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
Tetsuya Hiyama
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
Yoshihiro Iijima
Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
Shigeyuki Ishidoya
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
Masayuki Itoh
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
Tomomichi Kato
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
Hiroaki Kondo
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
Yoshiko Kosugi
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
Tomonori Kume
Kasuya Research Forest, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 811-2415, Japan
Takahisa Maeda
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
Shoji Matsuura
Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
Trofim Maximov
Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Yakutsk 677980, Russia
Takafumi Miyama
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
Ryo Moriwaki
Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
Hiroyuki Muraoka
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Roman Petrov
Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Yakutsk 677980, Russia
Jun Suzuki
Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
Shingo Taniguchi
Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
Kazuhito Ichii
Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Short summary
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Methane (CH4) emissions were measured in the megacity of Osaka, Japan, using mobile and eddy covariance methods. The CH4 emissions were much higher than those reported in local inventories, with natural gas contributing up to 74 % of the emissions. Several CH4 sources not accounted for in current inventories were identified. These results emphasize the need for more comprehensive emissions tracking in urban areas to enhance climate change mitigation efforts.
Robbert P. J. Moonen, Getachew A. Adnew, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Oscar K. Hartogensis, David J. Bonell Fontas, Shujiro Komiya, Sam P. Jones, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 12197–12212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12197-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12197-2025, 2025
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Understory ejections are distinct turbulent features emerging in prime tall-forest ecosystems. We share a method to isolate understory ejections based on H2O–CO2 anomaly quadrants. From these, we calculate the flux contributions of understory ejections and all flux quadrants. In addition, we show that a distinctly depleted isotopic composition can be found in the ejected water vapour. Finally, we explored the role of clouds as a potential trigger for understory ejections.
Satoshi Sugawara, Shinji Morimoto, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Taku Umezawa, Shuji Aoki, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Sakae Toyoda, Kentaro Ishijima, Daisuke Goto, and Hideyuki Honda
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 11895–11917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11895-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11895-2025, 2025
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We have collected stratospheric air samples using balloon-borne cryogenic samplers over Japan since 1985 and analyzed them for δ13CO2. δ13CO2 has decreased through time in the mid-stratosphere with an average rate of change of −0.026 ± 0.001 ‰ yr−1. We found that stratospheric δ13CO2 variations are governed by airborne production of 13C-depleted CO2 by CH4 oxidation, gravitational separation, and propagation of the decreasing tropospheric δ13CO2 trend into the stratosphere.
Yanyan Cheng, Kalli Furtado, Cenlin He, Fei Chen, Alan Ziegler, Song Chen, Matteo Detto, Yuna Mao, Baoxiang Pan, Yoshiko Kosugi, Marryanna Lion, Shoji Noguchi, Satoru Takanashi, Lulie Melling, and Baoqing Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3898, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3898, 2025
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Tropical land surface processes shape the Earth’s climate, but models often lack accuracy in the tropics due to limited data for validation. We improved the Noah-MP land surface model for the tropics using data from forests in Panama and Malaysia, and an urban site in Singapore. Calibration enhanced simulations of energy and water fluxes, and revealed key vegetation and soil parameters, as well as future directions for model improvement in tropical regions.
Taku Umezawa, Yukio Terao, Masahito Ueyama, Satoshi Kameyama, Mark Lunt, and James Lawrence France
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3285, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3285, 2025
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To take effective mitigation actions, accurate understanding of methane emission characteristics in cities is important. We conducted atmospheric methane and ethane measurements using a vehicle in the world’s largest megacity, Tokyo, to identify locations and types of emissions and estimate their magnitudes. Waste sectors and fugitive natural gas emissions were found to be the major urban sources, and our data suggested need of improved accounting of natural gas related emissions.
Satoshi Sugawara, Ikumi Oyabu, Kenji Kawamura, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Shinji Morimoto, Shuji Aoki, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Sakae Toyoda, and Hideyuki Honda
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2916, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2916, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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Stratospheric air samples have been collected using balloon-borne cryogenic samplers over Japan and analyzed for the isotopic and elemental ratios of noble gases. We report the results of the first study on the vertical changes of Kr, Xe, and Ne in the stratosphere. The observed results suggest that not only gravitational separation but also kinetic fractionation occurred in the stratosphere. The kinetic fractionations would be an additional tool to diagnose stratospheric transport processes.
Santiago Botía, Saqr Munassar, Thomas Koch, Danilo Custodio, Luana S. Basso, Shujiro Komiya, Jost V. Lavric, David Walter, Manuel Gloor, Giordane Martins, Stijn Naus, Gerbrand Koren, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Stijn Hantson, John B. Miller, Wouter Peters, Christian Rödenbeck, and Christoph Gerbig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6219–6255, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6219-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6219-2025, 2025
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This study uses dry CO2 mole fractions from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory together with airborne profiles to estimate net carbon exchange in tropical South America. We found that the biogeographic Amazon is a net carbon sink, while the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes are net carbon sources, resulting in an overall neutral balance. Finally, to further reduce the uncertainty in our estimates we call for an expansion of the monitoring capacity, especially in the Amazon–Andes foothills.
Nobuyuki Aoki and Shigeyuki Ishidoya
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2618, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2618, 2025
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In this study, offsets of CO2 values due to thermal diffusion effect were observed in the outflowing gas from cylinders finding that the CO2 mole fraction in a cylinder deviate by this effect as the pressure dropped. This result suggests that the deviation in the CO2 value in the cylinder is caused not only by the adsorption and desorption effects but also by the thermal diffusion fractionation effect.
Qing Ying, Benjamin Poulter, Jennifer D. Watts, Kyle A. Arndt, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Lori Bruhwiler, Youmi Oh, Brendan M. Rogers, Susan M. Natali, Hilary Sullivan, Amanda Armstrong, Eric J. Ward, Luke D. Schiferl, Clayton D. Elder, Olli Peltola, Annett Bartsch, Ankur R. Desai, Eugénie Euskirchen, Mathias Göckede, Bernhard Lehner, Mats B. Nilsson, Matthias Peichl, Oliver Sonnentag, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Torsten Sachs, Aram Kalhori, Masahito Ueyama, and Zhen Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2507–2534, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2507-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2507-2025, 2025
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We present daily methane (CH4) fluxes of northern wetlands at 10 km resolution during 2016–2022 (WetCH4) derived from a novel machine learning framework. We estimated an average annual CH4 emission of 22.8 ± 2.4 Tg CH4 yr−1 (15.7–51.6 Tg CH4 yr−1). Emissions were intensified in 2016, 2020, and 2022, with the largest interannual variation coming from Western Siberia. Continued, all-season tower observations and improved soil moisture products are needed for future improvement of CH4 upscaling.
Marin Nagata, Astrid Yusara, Tomomichi Kato, and Yuji Masutomi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1885, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1885, 2025
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We developed maize version of process-based crop model coupled with a land surface model (MATCRO). It extends the original MATCRO-Rice by incorporating C4 photosynthesis and maize-specific parameters. The model was validated using field data from four sites and global yield data from FAOSTAT. MATCRO-Maize captured the interannual yield variability in global and county-level yield data, demonstrating its potential for climate impact assessments on maize production.
Yuki Ota, Takuya Saito, Stephen J. Andrews, Tetsuo I. Kohyama, Yoshihisa Suyama, Yoshihiko Tsumura, and Tsutom Hiura
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2063, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2063, 2025
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We developed a portable system to measure biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) naturally emitted by trees, which can affect air quality and climate. Our tool reduces interference from contact with tree branches and allows measurements from several trees in a single day. Tests on Japanese cedar showed reliable results and revealed large differences between individual trees. This helps us better understand how forests influence the atmosphere.
Tatsuya Miyauchi, Makoto Saito, Hibiki M. Noda, Akihiko Ito, Tomomichi Kato, and Tsuneo Matsunaga
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2329–2347, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2329-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2329-2025, 2025
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Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is an effective indicator for monitoring photosynthetic activity. This paper introduces VISIT-SIF, a biogeochemical model developed based on the Vegetation Integrative Simulator for Trace gases (VISIT) to represent satellite-observed SIF. Our simulations reproduced the global distribution and seasonal variations in observed SIF. VISIT-SIF helps to improve photosynthetic processes through a combination of biogeochemical modeling and observed SIF.
Astrid Yusara, Tomomichi Kato, Elizabeth A. Ainsworth, Rafael Battisti, Etsushi Kumagai, Satoshi Nakano, Yushan Wu, Yutaka Tsusumi-Morita, Kazuhiko Kobayashi, and Yuji Masutomi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-453, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-453, 2025
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We developed a soybean model, an ecosystem model for crop yield (namely MATCRO-Soy), integrating crop response toward climate variable. It offers a detailed yield estimation. Parameter tuning in the model used literature and field experiments. The model shows a moderate correlation with observed yields at the global, national, and grid levels. Development of MATCRO-Soy enhances crop modeling diversity approaches, particularly in climate change impact studies.
Hirofumi Hashimoto, Weile Wang, Taejin Park, Sepideh Khajehei, Kazuhito Ichii, Andrew Michaelis, Alberto Guzman, Ramakrishna Nemani, Margaret Torn, Koong Yi, and Ian Brosnan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-33, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-33, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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We create the GeoNEX Coincident Ground Observations dataset (GeCGO) by extracting point data at observational network sites across Americas from the gridded GeoNEX products. The GeoNEX dataset is the high temporal frequent dataset of the latest geostationary satellites observations. We also release the software, GeoNEXTools, that helps handling the GeCGO data. GeCGO data and GeoNEXTools could help scientists use geostationary satellite data at their interested ground observational sites.
Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Satoshi Sugawara, and Atsushi Okazaki
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1965–1987, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1965-2025, 2025
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The 18O/16O ratio of atmospheric oxygen, δatm(18O), is higher than that of ocean water due to isotopic effects during biospheric activities. This is known as the Dole–Morita effect, and its millennial-scale variations are recorded in ice cores. However, small variations of δatm(18O) in the present day have never been detected so far. This paper presents the first observations of diurnal, seasonal, and secular variations in δatm(18O) and applies them to evaluate oxygen, carbon, and water cycles.
Yuri Suzuki, Syuntaro Hiradate, Jun Koarashi, Mariko Atarashi-Andoh, Takumi Yomogida, Yuki Kanda, and Hirohiko Nagano
SOIL, 11, 35–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-11-35-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-11-35-2025, 2025
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We incubated 10 Japanese soils to study CO2 release under drying–rewetting cycles (DWCs). CO2 release was increased by DWCs among all soils, showing soil-by-soil variations in CO2 release increase magnitude. The organo-Al complex was the primary predictor for the increase magnitude, suggesting vulnerability of carbon protection by reactive minerals against DWCs. Microbial biomass decrease by DWCs was also suggested, although its link with the CO2 release increase is still unclear.
Jacob A. Nelson, Sophia Walther, Fabian Gans, Basil Kraft, Ulrich Weber, Kimberly Novick, Nina Buchmann, Mirco Migliavacca, Georg Wohlfahrt, Ladislav Šigut, Andreas Ibrom, Dario Papale, Mathias Göckede, Gregory Duveiller, Alexander Knohl, Lukas Hörtnagl, Russell L. Scott, Jiří Dušek, Weijie Zhang, Zayd Mahmoud Hamdi, Markus Reichstein, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Jonas Ardö, Maarten Op de Beeck, Dave Billesbach, David Bowling, Rosvel Bracho, Christian Brümmer, Gustau Camps-Valls, Shiping Chen, Jamie Rose Cleverly, Ankur Desai, Gang Dong, Tarek S. El-Madany, Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen, Iris Feigenwinter, Marta Galvagno, Giacomo A. Gerosa, Bert Gielen, Ignacio Goded, Sarah Goslee, Christopher Michael Gough, Bernard Heinesch, Kazuhito Ichii, Marcin Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski, Anne Klosterhalfen, Sara Knox, Hideki Kobayashi, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Mika Korkiakoski, Ivan Mammarella, Mana Gharun, Riccardo Marzuoli, Roser Matamala, Stefan Metzger, Leonardo Montagnani, Giacomo Nicolini, Thomas O'Halloran, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Matthias Peichl, Elise Pendall, Borja Ruiz Reverter, Marilyn Roland, Simone Sabbatini, Torsten Sachs, Marius Schmidt, Christopher R. Schwalm, Ankit Shekhar, Richard Silberstein, Maria Lucia Silveira, Donatella Spano, Torbern Tagesson, Gianluca Tramontana, Carlo Trotta, Fabio Turco, Timo Vesala, Caroline Vincke, Domenico Vitale, Enrique R. Vivoni, Yi Wang, William Woodgate, Enrico A. Yepez, Junhui Zhang, Donatella Zona, and Martin Jung
Biogeosciences, 21, 5079–5115, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5079-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5079-2024, 2024
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The movement of water, carbon, and energy from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere, or flux, is an important process to understand because it impacts our lives. Here, we outline a method called FLUXCOM-X to estimate global water and CO2 fluxes based on direct measurements from sites around the world. We go on to demonstrate how these new estimates of net CO2 uptake/loss, gross CO2 uptake, total water evaporation, and transpiration from plants compare to previous and independent estimates.
Reza Kusuma Nurrohman, Tomomichi Kato, Hideki Ninomiya, Lea Végh, Nicolas Delbart, Tatsuya Miyauchi, Hisashi Sato, Tomohiro Shiraishi, and Ryuichi Hirata
Biogeosciences, 21, 4195–4227, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4195-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4195-2024, 2024
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SPITFIRE (SPread and InTensity of FIRE) was integrated into a spatially explicit individual-based dynamic global vegetation model to improve the accuracy of depicting Siberian forest fire frequency, intensity, and extent. Fires showed increased greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions in 2006–2100 for Representative Concentration Pathways. This study contributes to understanding fire dynamics, land ecosystem–climate interactions, and global material cycles under the threat of escalating fires.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
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Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Hiroaki Kondo, Kentaro Ishijima, Nobuyuki Aoki, Hidekazu Matsueda, and Kazuyuki Saito
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1059–1077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1059-2024, 2024
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A method evaluating techniques for carbon neutrality, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), is important. This study presents a method to evaluate CO2 emissions from a cement plant based on atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements. The method will also be useful for evaluating CO2 capture from flue gas at CCS plants, since the plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere without causing any O2 changes, just as cement plants do, differing only in the direction of CO2 exchange with the atmosphere.
Kazuki Kamezaki, Sebastian O. Danielache, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Takahisa Maeda, and Shohei Murayama
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-209, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-209, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
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Recently, MIRA Pico, a portable continuous carbonyl sulfide (COS) concentration analyzer using mid-infrared absorption, has been released. MIRA Pico has a lower cost and is smaller than conventional laser COS analyzers. However, actual COS atmospheric measurement results using MIRA Pico have not yet been reported. In this study, we modified and tested the MIRA Pico for atmospheric COS concentration measurements. We used the modified MIRA Pico for observations at Tsukuba, Japan.
Hideki Ninomiya, Tomomichi Kato, Lea Végh, and Lan Wu
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4155–4170, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4155-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4155-2023, 2023
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Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) play a crucial role in plants to counteract the effects of climate change. We added a new NSC module into the SEIB-DGVM, an individual-based ecosystem model. The simulated NSC levels and their seasonal patterns show a strong agreement with observed NSC data at both point and global scales. The model can be used to simulate the biotic effects resulting from insufficient NSCs, which are otherwise difficult to measure in terrestrial ecosystems globally.
Eliane Gomes Alves, Raoni Aquino Santana, Cléo Quaresma Dias-Júnior, Santiago Botía, Tyeen Taylor, Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Jonathan Williams, Pedro Ivo Lembo Silveira de Assis, Giordane Martins, Rodrigo de Souza, Sérgio Duvoisin Júnior, Alex Guenther, Dasa Gu, Anywhere Tsokankunku, Matthias Sörgel, Bruce Nelson, Davieliton Pinto, Shujiro Komiya, Diogo Martins Rosa, Bettina Weber, Cybelli Barbosa, Michelle Robin, Kenneth J. Feeley, Alvaro Duque, Viviana Londoño Lemos, Maria Paula Contreras, Alvaro Idarraga, Norberto López, Chad Husby, Brett Jestrow, and Iván Mauricio Cely Toro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8149–8168, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8149-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8149-2023, 2023
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Isoprene is emitted mainly by plants and can influence atmospheric chemistry and air quality. But, there are uncertainties in model emission estimates and follow-up atmospheric processes. In our study, with long-term observational datasets of isoprene and biological and environmental factors from central Amazonia, we show that isoprene emission estimates could be improved when biological processes were mechanistically incorporated into the model.
Nobuyuki Aoki, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Shohei Murayama, and Nobuhiro Matsumoto
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5969–5983, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5969-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5969-2022, 2022
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The CO2 concentration in a cylinder is affected by carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption to a cylinder’s internal surface and fractionation of CO2 and air in the preparation of standard mixtures. We demonstrate that the effects make the CO2 molar fractions deviate in standard mixtures prepared by diluting pure CO2 with air three times. This means that CO2 standard gases are difficult to gravimetrically prepare through multistep dilution.
Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Yosuke Niwa, Hidekazu Matsueda, Shohei Murayama, Kentaro Ishijima, and Kazuyuki Saito
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6953–6970, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6953-2022, 2022
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The atmospheric O2 / N2 ratio and CO2 concentration over the western North Pacific are presented. We found significant modification of the seasonal APO cycle in the middle troposphere due to the interhemispheric mixing of air. APO driven by the net marine biological activities indicated annual sea–air O2 flux during El Niño. Terrestrial biospheric and oceanic CO2 uptakes during 2012–2019 were estimated to be 1.8 and 2.8 Pg C a−1, respectively.
Hamidreza Omidvar, Ting Sun, Sue Grimmond, Dave Bilesbach, Andrew Black, Jiquan Chen, Zexia Duan, Zhiqiu Gao, Hiroki Iwata, and Joseph P. McFadden
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3041–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3041-2022, 2022
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This paper extends the applicability of the SUEWS to extensive pervious areas outside cities. We derived various parameters such as leaf area index, albedo, roughness parameters and surface conductance for non-urban areas. The relation between LAI and albedo is also explored. The methods and parameters discussed can be used for both online and offline simulations. Using appropriate parameters related to non-urban areas is essential for assessing urban–rural differences.
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Susan M. Natali, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, Darcy Peter, Christina Minions, Julia Nojeim, Roisin Commane, Craig A. Emmerton, Mathias Goeckede, Manuel Helbig, David Holl, Hiroki Iwata, Hideki Kobayashi, Pasi Kolari, Efrén López-Blanco, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Lutz Merbold, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Torsten Sachs, Oliver Sonnentag, Masahito Ueyama, Carolina Voigt, Mika Aurela, Julia Boike, Gerardo Celis, Namyi Chae, Torben R. Christensen, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Sigrid Dengel, Han Dolman, Colin W. Edgar, Bo Elberling, Eugenie Euskirchen, Achim Grelle, Juha Hatakka, Elyn Humphreys, Järvi Järveoja, Ayumi Kotani, Lars Kutzbach, Tuomas Laurila, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Yojiro Matsuura, Gesa Meyer, Mats B. Nilsson, Steven F. Oberbauer, Sang-Jong Park, Roman Petrov, Anatoly S. Prokushkin, Christopher Schulze, Vincent L. St. Louis, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, William Quinton, Andrej Varlagin, Donatella Zona, and Viacheslav I. Zyryanov
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 179–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, 2022
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The effects of climate warming on carbon cycling across the Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) remain poorly understood due to the relatively limited distribution of ABZ flux sites. Fortunately, this flux network is constantly increasing, but new measurements are published in various platforms, making it challenging to understand the ABZ carbon cycle as a whole. Here, we compiled a new database of Arctic–boreal CO2 fluxes to help facilitate large-scale assessments of the ABZ carbon cycle.
Nobuyuki Aoki, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Yasunori Tohjima, Shinji Morimoto, Ralph F. Keeling, Adam Cox, Shuichiro Takebayashi, and Shohei Murayama
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6181–6193, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6181-2021, 2021
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Observing the minimal long-term change in atmospheric O2 molar fraction combined with CO2 observation enables us to estimate terrestrial biospheric and oceanic CO2 uptakes separately. In this study, we firstly identified the span offset between the laboratory O2 scales using our developed high-precision standard mixtures, suggesting that the result may allow us to estimate terrestrial biospheric and oceanic CO2 uptakes precisely.
Kyle B. Delwiche, Sara Helen Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, You-Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, Ma. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David I. Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Matteo Detto, Han Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugenie Euskirchen, Daniela Famulari, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott L. Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Hollinger, Lukas Hörtnagl, Hiroki Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken W. Krauss, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Giovanni Manca, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Trofim Maximov, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Edward A. Schuur, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed P. Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Jonathan E. Thom, Margaret S. Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Jessica Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vazquez-Lule, Joseph G. Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, and Robert B. Jackson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3607–3689, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, 2021
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Methane is an important greenhouse gas, yet we lack knowledge about its global emissions and drivers. We present FLUXNET-CH4, a new global collection of methane measurements and a critical resource for the research community. We use FLUXNET-CH4 data to quantify the seasonality of methane emissions from freshwater wetlands, finding that methane seasonality varies strongly with latitude. Our new database and analysis will improve wetland model accuracy and inform greenhouse gas budgets.
Shujiro Komiya, Fumiyoshi Kondo, Heiko Moossen, Thomas Seifert, Uwe Schultz, Heike Geilmann, David Walter, and Jost V. Lavric
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1439–1455, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1439-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1439-2021, 2021
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The Amazon basin influences the atmospheric and hydrological cycles on local to global scales. To better understand how, we plan to perform continuous on-site measurements of the stable isotope composition of atmospheric water vapour. For making accurate on-site observations possible, we have investigated the performance of two commercial analysers and determined the best calibration strategy. Well calibrated, both analysers will allow us to record natural signals in the Amazon rainforest.
Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Satoshi Sugawara, Yasunori Tohjima, Daisuke Goto, Kentaro Ishijima, Yosuke Niwa, Nobuyuki Aoki, and Shohei Murayama
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1357–1373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1357-2021, 2021
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The surface Ar / N2 ratio showed not only secular increasing trends, but also interannual variations in phase with the global ocean heat content (OHC). Sensitivity test by using a two-dimensional model indicated that the secular trend in the Ar / N2 ratio is modified by the gravitational separation in the stratosphere. The analytical results imply that the surface Ar/N2 ratio is an important tracer for detecting spatiotemporally integrated changes in OHC and stratospheric circulation.
Ikumi Oyabu, Kenji Kawamura, Kyotaro Kitamura, Remi Dallmayr, Akihiro Kitamura, Chikako Sawada, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Ross Beaudette, Anaïs Orsi, Satoshi Sugawara, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Shuji Aoki, and Takakiyo Nakazawa
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6703–6731, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6703-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6703-2020, 2020
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Air in polar ice cores provides information on past atmosphere and climate. We present a new method for simultaneously measuring eight gases (CH4, N2O and CO2 concentrations; isotopic ratios of N2 and O2; elemental ratios between N2, O2 and Ar; and total air content) from single ice-core samples with high precision.
Yonghong Yi, John S. Kimball, Jennifer D. Watts, Susan M. Natali, Donatella Zona, Junjie Liu, Masahito Ueyama, Hideki Kobayashi, Walter Oechel, and Charles E. Miller
Biogeosciences, 17, 5861–5882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5861-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5861-2020, 2020
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We developed a 1 km satellite-data-driven permafrost carbon model to evaluate soil respiration sensitivity to recent snow cover changes in Alaska. Results show earlier snowmelt enhances growing-season soil respiration and reduces annual carbon uptake, while early cold-season soil respiration is linked to the number of snow-free days after the land surface freezes. Our results also show nonnegligible influences of subgrid variability in surface conditions on model-simulated CO2 seasonal cycles.
Yuan Zhang, Ana Bastos, Fabienne Maignan, Daniel Goll, Olivier Boucher, Laurent Li, Alessandro Cescatti, Nicolas Vuichard, Xiuzhi Chen, Christof Ammann, M. Altaf Arain, T. Andrew Black, Bogdan Chojnicki, Tomomichi Kato, Ivan Mammarella, Leonardo Montagnani, Olivier Roupsard, Maria J. Sanz, Lukas Siebicke, Marek Urbaniak, Francesco Primo Vaccari, Georg Wohlfahrt, Will Woodgate, and Philippe Ciais
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 5401–5423, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5401-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5401-2020, 2020
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We improved the ORCHIDEE LSM by distinguishing diffuse and direct light in canopy and evaluated the new model with observations from 159 sites. Compared with the old model, the new model has better sunny GPP and reproduced the diffuse light fertilization effect observed at flux sites. Our simulations also indicate different mechanisms causing the observed GPP enhancement under cloudy conditions at different times. The new model has the potential to study large-scale impacts of aerosol changes.
Cited articles
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Harazono, Y.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Nsb NIAES Soybean, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102240, 2025a.
Harazono, Y.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Yrp Yawara Rice paddy, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024121019, 2025b.
Harazono, Y.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Hc1 Hachihama Experimental Farm: the International Rice Experiment, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102237, 2025c.
Harazono, Y. and Miyata, A.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Km1 Kushiro Mire: Onnenai Fen, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102239, 2025a.
Harazono, Y. and Miyata, A.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Km2 Kushiro Mire: Akanuma Bog, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024121026, 2025b.
Harazono, Y. and Takagi, K.: JapanFlux2024 CN-In1 Inner Mongolia dune, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102241, 2025a.
Harazono, Y. and Takagi, K.: JapanFlux2024 CN-In2 Inner Mongolia grassland, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102242, 2025b.
Harazono, Y. and Takagi, K.: JapanFlux2024 CN-In3 Inner Mongolia soybean, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102243, 2025c.
Harazono, Y. and Takagi, K.: JapanFlux2024 CN-In4 Inner Mongolia maize, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102244, 2025d.
Harazono, Y. and Takagi, K.: JapanFlux2024 CN-In5 Inner Mongolia no grazing, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102245, 2025e.
Harazono, Y. and Takagi, K.: JapanFlux2024 CN-In6 Inner Mongolia heavy grazing, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102246, 2025f.
Harazono, Y. and Takagi, K.: JapanFlux2024 CN-In7 Inner Mongolia light grazing, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102247, 2025g.
Harazono, Y. and Takagi, K.: JapanFlux2024 CN-In8 Inner Mongolia medium grazing, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102248, 2025h.
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Harazono, Y., Yamada, C., and Nishizawa, T.: Characteristics of Aerodynamic Parameters and Turbulent Transport of Momentum and CO2 Over a Soybean Canopy, Bull. Environ. Res. Cent., the University of Tsukuba, 16, 13–25, 1992.
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Hirano, T.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Sb1 Sarobetsu Mire Moss, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102216, 2025a.
Hirano, T.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Sb2 Sarobetsu Mire Sasa, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102217, 2025b.
Hirano, T. and Hirata, R.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Tmd Tomakomai Flux Research Site Disturbed, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102230, 2025.
Hirano, T., Hirata, R., Fujinuma, Y., Saigusa, N., Yamamoto, S., Harazono, Y., Takada, M., Inukai, K., and Inoue, G.: CO2 and water vapor exchange of a larch forest in northern Japan, Tellus B, 55, 244–257, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v55i2.16753, 2003.
Hirano, T. and Ohkubo, S.: JapanFlux2024 ID-PaB Palangkaraya Drained Burnt forest, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102213, 2025a.
Hirano, T. and Ohkubo, S.: JapanFlux2024 ID-PaD Palangkaraya drained forest, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102232, 2025b.
Hirano, T. and Ohkubo, S.: JapanFlux2024 ID-Pag Palangkaraya Undrained Forest, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102233, 2025c.
Hirano, T., Yamada, H., Takada, M., Fujimura, Y., Fujita, H., and Takahashi, H.: Effects of the expansion of vascular plants in Sphagnum-dominated bog on evapotranspiration, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 220, 90–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.01.039, 2016.
Hirano, T., Suzuki, K., and Hirata, R.: Energy balance and evapotranspiration changes in a larch forest caused by severe disturbance during an early secondary succession, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 232, 457–468, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.10.003, 2017.
Hirano, T., Ohkubo, S., Itoh, M., Tsuzuki, H., Sakabe, A., Takahashi, H., Kusin, K., and Osaki, M.: Large variation in carbon dioxide emissions from tropical peat swamp forests due to disturbances, Comm. Earth Environ., 5, 221, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01387-7, 2024.
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Ishida, S.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Srk Shirakami Beech Forest Site, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102218, 2025.
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Ishikawa, M.: JapanFlux2024 MN-Udg Udleg practice forest,1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024121017, 2025.
Iwata, H.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Nkm Nishikoma Site, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102231, 2025a.
Iwata, H.: JapanFlux2024 JP-SwL Suwa Lake Site, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024102219, 2025b.
Iwata, H. and Suzuki, J.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Shn Shinshu University Experimental Forest Site, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024121009, 2025.
Iwata, H., Hirata, R., Takahashi, Y., Miyabara, Y., Itoh, M., and Iizuka, K.: Partitioning eddy-covariance methane fluxes from a shallow lake into diffusive and ebullitive fluxes, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 169, 413–428, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-018-0383-1, 2018.
Kabeya, N., Shimizu, A., Shimizu, T., Iida, S., Tamai, K., Miyamato, A., Chann, S., Araki, M., and Ohnuki, Y.: Long-term Hydrological Observations in a Lowland Dry Evergreen Forest Catchment Area of the Lower Mekong River, Cambodia, JARQ-Jpn. Agr. Res. Q., 55, 177–190, https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.55.177, 2021.
Kanda, M. and Moriwaki, R.: JapanFlux2024 JP-Kgu Kugahara urban residential area, 1.00, Arctic Data archive System (ADS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17592/001.2024121018, 2025.
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The JapanFlux2024 dataset, created through collaboration across Japan and East Asia, includes eddy covariance data from 83 sites spanning 683 site-years (1990–2023). This comprehensive dataset offers valuable insights into energy, water, and CO2 fluxes, supporting research on land–atmosphere interactions and process models; fosters global collaboration; and advances research in environmental science and regional climate dynamics.
The JapanFlux2024 dataset, created through collaboration across Japan and East Asia, includes...
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