Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2877-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2877-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Map of forest tree species for Poland based on Sentinel-2 data
Ewa Grabska-Szwagrzyk
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
Dirk Tiede
Department of Geoinformatics – Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Schillerstr. 30, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
Martin Sudmanns
Department of Geoinformatics – Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Schillerstr. 30, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
Jacek Kozak
Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Cited
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wall-to-wall mapping of Fagus orientalis Lipsky distribution across Türkiye’s forests using satellite remote sensing H. Okurlar et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2707265
- Mountain pine time series mapping with Sentinel-2 and assessing their ecological role in Alpine vegetation dynamics B. Tufail et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.102238
- Advancing optical earth observation for EU policies: needs, opportunities, recommendations K. Berger et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-026-01346-3
- Mapping Nine Dominant Tree Species in the Korean Peninsula Using U-Net and Harmonic Analysis of Sentinel-2 Imagery J. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2025.41.2.1.1
- What can Sentinel-2 time series tell us about the phenology of dominant deciduous tree species in Poland? E. Grabska et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaf064
- Forest practitioners’ requirements for remote sensing-based canopy height, wood-volume, tree species, and disturbance products F. Fassnacht et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpae021
- Sawdust-Assisted Phytoremediation: Boosting White Mustard (Sinapis alba) Growth and Cadmium Uptake from Contaminated Soil D. Kramski et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c04779
- Mapping and characterizing riparian forests in headwater streams in the Carpathians Mountains of Europe E. Grabska & W. Keeton https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.114941
- Mapping forest tree species and their uncertainty using Earth observation and National Forest Inventory data: towards operational monitoring in Sweden A. Abdi & F. Wang https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2625513
- Tree species from space: a new product for Germany based on Sentinel-1 and -2 time series M. Wegler et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2025.2530236
- Mapping Coastal Redwoods ( Sequoia sempervirens ) across their natural range: an updateable and field-validated distribution map using Sentinel satellite data and cloud computing S. Banerjee et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2026.2613558
- Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Predicting Gross CO2e Balance in Polish Forest Stands: A Tool for Sustainable Forest Carbon Assessment in the Circular Economy K. Przybył et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18126366
- Unveiling spatiotemporal forest cover patterns breaking the cloud barrier: Annual 30 m mapping in cloud-prone southern China from 2000 to 2020 P. Qin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2026.01.015
- Map of forest tree species for Poland based on Sentinel-2 data E. Grabska-Szwagrzyk et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2877-2024
- Geometry-Constrained Reference Sample Construction from Forest Inventory Compartments for Dominant Tree Species Mapping P. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18172915
- Selected properties of Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) wood after 5 years of storage in a pile: a case study J. Chrostek et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2026.2727542
- Plant species mapping across the Miankaleh biosphere reserve and successional patterns in its drying wetland: A remote sensing-based assessment M. Karimi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103822
- Spatial scaling of drought impacts on forest mortality: when climate signals emerge from local noise L. Tymińska-Czabańska et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111213
- A Sentinel-2 machine learning dataset for tree species classification in Germany M. Freudenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-351-2025
- Unsupervised Approach to Forest Tree Species Diversity Assessment With Satellite Observations J. Talaga et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3667647
- TS2GNet: A temporal–spatial–spectral multidomain guided network for classifying hyperspectral tree species using multiseason satellite imagery K. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104715
- Comparison of Sentinel-2 Multitemporal Approaches for Tree Species Mapping Within Natura 2000 Riparian Forest Y. Rueva et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17183194
- Temporal generalization in evergreen leaf type classification using tailored Sentinel-2 composites P. Hofinger et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103167
- Mapping tree species fractions in temperate mixed forests using Sentinel-2 time series and synthetically mixed training data D. Klehr et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114740
- A Novel Large Vision Foundation Model-Based Approach for Generating High-Resolution Canopy Height Maps in Plantations for Precision Forestry Management S. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.34133/remotesensing.0880
- Comprehensive mapping of individual living and dead tree species using leaf-on and leaf-off ALS and CIR data in a complex temperate forest M. Lisiewicz et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaf007
- Extensive forest canopy discoloration during the 2024 heat-drought in southeastern Central Europe: The response of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) in Croatia was consistent with premature leaf senescence A. Kern & H. Marjanović https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111450
- Preliminary forest tree species classification in northern provinces of Mongolia using Sentinel-2 and machine learning approach E. Boldbaatar et al. https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2026-0009
- Stable in vitro propagation of Fagus sylvatica using micro-cuttings established from seedlings F. Thiesen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-025-03304-y
- Sentinel-2 vs. PlanetScope: Comparison and combination for tree species classification in two central European forest ecosystems A. Daryaei et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2025.101617
- Classification of Tree Species in Poland Using CNNs Tabular-to-Pseudo Image Approach Based on Sentinel-2 Annual Seasonality Data Ł. Mikołajczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071039
- Floristic vs. Dominant Classification Approaches Applied to Geospatial Modeling of Mixed and Broadleaf Forest Types in the Northwestern Caucasus (Russia) E. Gavrilyuk et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16121761
- Multi-indicator deterministic model based on time series of Sentinel-2, to assess the degree of natural succession on the abandoned arable areas M. Kozak et al. https://doi.org/10.2478/cag-2024-0017
- Real-time pollen dynamics and automated detection: novel insights from Wrocław (Poland) 2024–2025 S. Tomczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4779-2026
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wall-to-wall mapping of Fagus orientalis Lipsky distribution across Türkiye’s forests using satellite remote sensing H. Okurlar et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2707265
- Mountain pine time series mapping with Sentinel-2 and assessing their ecological role in Alpine vegetation dynamics B. Tufail et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.102238
- Advancing optical earth observation for EU policies: needs, opportunities, recommendations K. Berger et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-026-01346-3
- Mapping Nine Dominant Tree Species in the Korean Peninsula Using U-Net and Harmonic Analysis of Sentinel-2 Imagery J. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2025.41.2.1.1
- What can Sentinel-2 time series tell us about the phenology of dominant deciduous tree species in Poland? E. Grabska et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaf064
- Forest practitioners’ requirements for remote sensing-based canopy height, wood-volume, tree species, and disturbance products F. Fassnacht et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpae021
- Sawdust-Assisted Phytoremediation: Boosting White Mustard (Sinapis alba) Growth and Cadmium Uptake from Contaminated Soil D. Kramski et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c04779
- Mapping and characterizing riparian forests in headwater streams in the Carpathians Mountains of Europe E. Grabska & W. Keeton https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.114941
- Mapping forest tree species and their uncertainty using Earth observation and National Forest Inventory data: towards operational monitoring in Sweden A. Abdi & F. Wang https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2625513
- Tree species from space: a new product for Germany based on Sentinel-1 and -2 time series M. Wegler et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2025.2530236
- Mapping Coastal Redwoods ( Sequoia sempervirens ) across their natural range: an updateable and field-validated distribution map using Sentinel satellite data and cloud computing S. Banerjee et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2026.2613558
- Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Predicting Gross CO2e Balance in Polish Forest Stands: A Tool for Sustainable Forest Carbon Assessment in the Circular Economy K. Przybył et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18126366
- Unveiling spatiotemporal forest cover patterns breaking the cloud barrier: Annual 30 m mapping in cloud-prone southern China from 2000 to 2020 P. Qin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2026.01.015
- Map of forest tree species for Poland based on Sentinel-2 data E. Grabska-Szwagrzyk et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2877-2024
- Geometry-Constrained Reference Sample Construction from Forest Inventory Compartments for Dominant Tree Species Mapping P. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18172915
- Selected properties of Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) wood after 5 years of storage in a pile: a case study J. Chrostek et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2026.2727542
- Plant species mapping across the Miankaleh biosphere reserve and successional patterns in its drying wetland: A remote sensing-based assessment M. Karimi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103822
- Spatial scaling of drought impacts on forest mortality: when climate signals emerge from local noise L. Tymińska-Czabańska et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111213
- A Sentinel-2 machine learning dataset for tree species classification in Germany M. Freudenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-351-2025
- Unsupervised Approach to Forest Tree Species Diversity Assessment With Satellite Observations J. Talaga et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3667647
- TS2GNet: A temporal–spatial–spectral multidomain guided network for classifying hyperspectral tree species using multiseason satellite imagery K. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104715
- Comparison of Sentinel-2 Multitemporal Approaches for Tree Species Mapping Within Natura 2000 Riparian Forest Y. Rueva et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17183194
- Temporal generalization in evergreen leaf type classification using tailored Sentinel-2 composites P. Hofinger et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103167
- Mapping tree species fractions in temperate mixed forests using Sentinel-2 time series and synthetically mixed training data D. Klehr et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114740
- A Novel Large Vision Foundation Model-Based Approach for Generating High-Resolution Canopy Height Maps in Plantations for Precision Forestry Management S. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.34133/remotesensing.0880
- Comprehensive mapping of individual living and dead tree species using leaf-on and leaf-off ALS and CIR data in a complex temperate forest M. Lisiewicz et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaf007
- Extensive forest canopy discoloration during the 2024 heat-drought in southeastern Central Europe: The response of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) in Croatia was consistent with premature leaf senescence A. Kern & H. Marjanović https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111450
- Preliminary forest tree species classification in northern provinces of Mongolia using Sentinel-2 and machine learning approach E. Boldbaatar et al. https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2026-0009
- Stable in vitro propagation of Fagus sylvatica using micro-cuttings established from seedlings F. Thiesen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-025-03304-y
- Sentinel-2 vs. PlanetScope: Comparison and combination for tree species classification in two central European forest ecosystems A. Daryaei et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2025.101617
- Classification of Tree Species in Poland Using CNNs Tabular-to-Pseudo Image Approach Based on Sentinel-2 Annual Seasonality Data Ł. Mikołajczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071039
- Floristic vs. Dominant Classification Approaches Applied to Geospatial Modeling of Mixed and Broadleaf Forest Types in the Northwestern Caucasus (Russia) E. Gavrilyuk et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16121761
- Multi-indicator deterministic model based on time series of Sentinel-2, to assess the degree of natural succession on the abandoned arable areas M. Kozak et al. https://doi.org/10.2478/cag-2024-0017
- Real-time pollen dynamics and automated detection: novel insights from Wrocław (Poland) 2024–2025 S. Tomczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4779-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 17 Sep 2026
Short summary
We accurately mapped 16 dominant tree species and genera in Poland using Sentinel-2 observations from short periods in spring, summer, and autumn (2018–2021). The classification achieved more than 80% accuracy in country-wide forest species mapping, with variation based on species, region, and observation frequency. Freely accessible resources, including the forest tree species map and training and test data, can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10180469.
We accurately mapped 16 dominant tree species and genera in Poland using Sentinel-2 observations...
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