Articles | Volume 15, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3941-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3941-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A comprehensive and version-controlled database of glacial lake outburst floods in High Mountain Asia
Finu Shrestha
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD),
44700 Lalitpur, Nepal
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD),
44700 Lalitpur, Nepal
Department of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz,
Heinrichstraße 36, 8010 Graz, Austria
Reeju Shrestha
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD),
44700 Lalitpur, Nepal
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of
Science, Kathmandu University, 45210 Dhulikhel, Nepal
Yathartha Dhungel
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD),
44700 Lalitpur, Nepal
DPMM, Asian Institute of Technology, 12000 Pathum Thani, Thailand
Sharad P. Joshi
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD),
44700 Lalitpur, Nepal
Sam Inglis
The ADM Capital Foundation (ADMCF), 999077 Hong Kong SAR, China
Arshad Ashraf
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
Sher Wali
Aga Khan Agency for Habitat, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
Khwaja M. Walizada
Aga Khan Agency for Habitat, Kabul, Afghanistan
Taigang Zhang
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University,
730000 Lanzhou, China
State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and
Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau, Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100864 Beijing, China
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Cited
39 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Enhanced glacial lake activity threatens numerous communities and infrastructure in the Third Pole T. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-44123-z
- A novel framework for predicting glacial lake outburst debris flows in the Himalayas amidst climate change B. Zhou et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174435
- Quantitative assessment of the GLOF risk along China-Nepal transboundary basins by integrating remote sensing, machine learning, and hydrodynamic model M. Gouli et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105231
- Modern evolution and hydrological regime of the Bashkara Glacier Lakes system (Central Caucasus, Russia) after the outburst on September 1, 2017 E. Pavlyukevich et al. 10.24057/2071-9388-2024-3717
- Assessing national exposure to and impact of glacial lake outburst floods considering uncertainty under data sparsity H. Chen et al. 10.5194/hess-29-733-2025
- Refining lake volume estimation and critical depth identification for enhanced glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) event anticipation N. Bazai et al. 10.5194/tc-18-5921-2024
- Glacial lakes outburst susceptibility and risk in the Eastern Himalayas using analytical hierarchy process and backpropagation neural network models S. Mondal et al. 10.1080/19475705.2024.2449134
- Risk assessment of glacial lake outburst flood in the Central Asian Tienshan Mountains M. Chen et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00755-6
- Transboundary hazard and downstream impact of glacial lakes in Hindu-Kush Karakoram Himalayas S. Dubey et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169758
- Multidisciplinary perspectives in understanding Himalayan glacial lakes in a climate challenged world N. Khadka et al. 10.1016/j.infgeo.2025.100002
- Using the Improved YOLOv5-Seg Network and Sentinel-2 Imagery to Map Glacial Lakes in High Mountain Asia L. Yin et al. 10.3390/rs16122057
- Expanding glacial lakes and assessing outburst susceptibility of moraine-dammed lakes using logistic regression in the Yigong Tsangpo Basin, Tibet, China Z. Yuan et al. 10.1007/s11069-024-07070-6
- Revisión de literatura para la estimación del volumen de lagunas glaciales en base a modelos empíricos F. Aparicio Roque & M. Alvarez Benaute 10.32911/as.2024.v17.n1.1153
- Glacial lake outburst floods threaten China-Nepal connectivity: Synergistic study of remote sensing, GIS and hydrodynamic modeling with regional implications N. Khadka et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174701
- Impact of proglacial lakes on glacier mass loss and downstream hazard in the Pan-Himalaya Q. Tang et al. 10.1360/TB-2024-0619
- A massive lateral moraine collapse triggered the 2023 South Lhonak Lake outburst flood, Sikkim Himalayas T. Zhang et al. 10.1007/s10346-024-02358-x
- Frequency and size change of ice–snow avalanches in the central Himalaya: A case from the Annapurna II glacier Y. Li et al. 10.1016/j.accre.2024.03.006
- Combined use of multi-source satellite imagery and deep learning for automated mapping of glacial lakes in the Bhutan Himalaya X. Xu et al. 10.1016/j.srs.2024.100157
- Glacier inventory and five decadal glacier response: A case study of Rongdo basin, Eastern Karakoram, Ladakh A. Quarshi et al. 10.1007/s12040-024-02449-2
- Heterogeneous changes in global glacial lakes under coupled climate warming and glacier thinning T. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01544-y
- Basin-scale spatio-temporal development of glacial lakes in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalayas A. Kumar et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104656
- Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Cryosphere in High Mountain Asia: A Multidisciplinary Review Q. Ye et al. 10.3390/rs16101709
- Support vector regression tree model for the embankment breaching analysis based on the Chamoli tragedy in Uttarakhand . Sitender et al. 10.22630/srees.4894
- Are Area Changes the Primary Indicator for Predicting Glacial Lake Outburst Risks?——A Case Study of the HMA Region Z. Tian et al. 10.1016/j.rcar.2025.03.005
- Compound weather and climate extremes in the Asian region: science-informed recommendations for policy R. Krishnan et al. 10.3389/fclim.2024.1504475
- 喜马拉雅高海拔山区冰湖溃决时空分异特征 Q. Zou et al. 10.3799/dqkx.2024.083
- Socioecological dynamics of diverse global permafrost-agroecosystems under environmental change M. Ward Jones et al. 10.1080/15230430.2024.2356067
- Glacier mass change and evolution of Petrov Lake in the Ak-Shyirak massif, central Tien Shan, from 1973 to 2023 using multisource satellite data Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114437
- Examining the glacier-glacial lake interactions of potentially dangerous glacial lakes (PDGLs) under changing climate in Shyok catchment of the Upper Indus Basin A. Rather et al. 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103686
- Multi Breach GLOF Hazard and Exposure Analysis of Birendra Lake in the Manaslu Region of Nepal U. Poudel et al. 10.1016/j.nhres.2025.03.007
- Flood complexity and rising exposure risk in High Mountain Asia under climate change Y. Bai et al. 10.1016/j.scib.2025.01.055
- Inventory and GLOF susceptibility of glacial lakes in Chenab basin, Western Himalaya S. Das et al. 10.1080/19475705.2024.2356216
- Risk perception and vulnerability of communities in Nepal to transboundary glacial lake outburst floods from Tibet, China N. Khadka et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104476
- An ice-snow avalanche triggered small glacial lake outburst flood in Birendra Lake, Nepal Himalaya N. Khadka et al. 10.1007/s11069-024-07014-0
- Progressively smaller glacier lake outburst floods despite worldwide growth in lake area G. Veh et al. 10.1038/s44221-025-00388-w
- From theoretical to sustainable potential for run-of-river hydropower development in the upper Indus basin S. Dhaubanjar et al. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122372
- Potential threats of glacial lake changes to the Sichuan-Tibet Railway M. Peng et al. 10.1017/jog.2024.40
- Hybrid FR-AHP approach for GLOF hazard assessment in the Himalayan region D. Gaikwad et al. 10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101437
- Temporal and spatial changes of glacial lakes in the central Himalayas and their response to climate change based on multi-source remote sensing data X. Cheng et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104675
39 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Enhanced glacial lake activity threatens numerous communities and infrastructure in the Third Pole T. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-44123-z
- A novel framework for predicting glacial lake outburst debris flows in the Himalayas amidst climate change B. Zhou et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174435
- Quantitative assessment of the GLOF risk along China-Nepal transboundary basins by integrating remote sensing, machine learning, and hydrodynamic model M. Gouli et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105231
- Modern evolution and hydrological regime of the Bashkara Glacier Lakes system (Central Caucasus, Russia) after the outburst on September 1, 2017 E. Pavlyukevich et al. 10.24057/2071-9388-2024-3717
- Assessing national exposure to and impact of glacial lake outburst floods considering uncertainty under data sparsity H. Chen et al. 10.5194/hess-29-733-2025
- Refining lake volume estimation and critical depth identification for enhanced glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) event anticipation N. Bazai et al. 10.5194/tc-18-5921-2024
- Glacial lakes outburst susceptibility and risk in the Eastern Himalayas using analytical hierarchy process and backpropagation neural network models S. Mondal et al. 10.1080/19475705.2024.2449134
- Risk assessment of glacial lake outburst flood in the Central Asian Tienshan Mountains M. Chen et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00755-6
- Transboundary hazard and downstream impact of glacial lakes in Hindu-Kush Karakoram Himalayas S. Dubey et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169758
- Multidisciplinary perspectives in understanding Himalayan glacial lakes in a climate challenged world N. Khadka et al. 10.1016/j.infgeo.2025.100002
- Using the Improved YOLOv5-Seg Network and Sentinel-2 Imagery to Map Glacial Lakes in High Mountain Asia L. Yin et al. 10.3390/rs16122057
- Expanding glacial lakes and assessing outburst susceptibility of moraine-dammed lakes using logistic regression in the Yigong Tsangpo Basin, Tibet, China Z. Yuan et al. 10.1007/s11069-024-07070-6
- Revisión de literatura para la estimación del volumen de lagunas glaciales en base a modelos empíricos F. Aparicio Roque & M. Alvarez Benaute 10.32911/as.2024.v17.n1.1153
- Glacial lake outburst floods threaten China-Nepal connectivity: Synergistic study of remote sensing, GIS and hydrodynamic modeling with regional implications N. Khadka et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174701
- Impact of proglacial lakes on glacier mass loss and downstream hazard in the Pan-Himalaya Q. Tang et al. 10.1360/TB-2024-0619
- A massive lateral moraine collapse triggered the 2023 South Lhonak Lake outburst flood, Sikkim Himalayas T. Zhang et al. 10.1007/s10346-024-02358-x
- Frequency and size change of ice–snow avalanches in the central Himalaya: A case from the Annapurna II glacier Y. Li et al. 10.1016/j.accre.2024.03.006
- Combined use of multi-source satellite imagery and deep learning for automated mapping of glacial lakes in the Bhutan Himalaya X. Xu et al. 10.1016/j.srs.2024.100157
- Glacier inventory and five decadal glacier response: A case study of Rongdo basin, Eastern Karakoram, Ladakh A. Quarshi et al. 10.1007/s12040-024-02449-2
- Heterogeneous changes in global glacial lakes under coupled climate warming and glacier thinning T. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01544-y
- Basin-scale spatio-temporal development of glacial lakes in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalayas A. Kumar et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104656
- Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Cryosphere in High Mountain Asia: A Multidisciplinary Review Q. Ye et al. 10.3390/rs16101709
- Support vector regression tree model for the embankment breaching analysis based on the Chamoli tragedy in Uttarakhand . Sitender et al. 10.22630/srees.4894
- Are Area Changes the Primary Indicator for Predicting Glacial Lake Outburst Risks?——A Case Study of the HMA Region Z. Tian et al. 10.1016/j.rcar.2025.03.005
- Compound weather and climate extremes in the Asian region: science-informed recommendations for policy R. Krishnan et al. 10.3389/fclim.2024.1504475
- 喜马拉雅高海拔山区冰湖溃决时空分异特征 Q. Zou et al. 10.3799/dqkx.2024.083
- Socioecological dynamics of diverse global permafrost-agroecosystems under environmental change M. Ward Jones et al. 10.1080/15230430.2024.2356067
- Glacier mass change and evolution of Petrov Lake in the Ak-Shyirak massif, central Tien Shan, from 1973 to 2023 using multisource satellite data Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114437
- Examining the glacier-glacial lake interactions of potentially dangerous glacial lakes (PDGLs) under changing climate in Shyok catchment of the Upper Indus Basin A. Rather et al. 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103686
- Multi Breach GLOF Hazard and Exposure Analysis of Birendra Lake in the Manaslu Region of Nepal U. Poudel et al. 10.1016/j.nhres.2025.03.007
- Flood complexity and rising exposure risk in High Mountain Asia under climate change Y. Bai et al. 10.1016/j.scib.2025.01.055
- Inventory and GLOF susceptibility of glacial lakes in Chenab basin, Western Himalaya S. Das et al. 10.1080/19475705.2024.2356216
- Risk perception and vulnerability of communities in Nepal to transboundary glacial lake outburst floods from Tibet, China N. Khadka et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104476
- An ice-snow avalanche triggered small glacial lake outburst flood in Birendra Lake, Nepal Himalaya N. Khadka et al. 10.1007/s11069-024-07014-0
- Progressively smaller glacier lake outburst floods despite worldwide growth in lake area G. Veh et al. 10.1038/s44221-025-00388-w
- From theoretical to sustainable potential for run-of-river hydropower development in the upper Indus basin S. Dhaubanjar et al. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122372
- Potential threats of glacial lake changes to the Sichuan-Tibet Railway M. Peng et al. 10.1017/jog.2024.40
- Hybrid FR-AHP approach for GLOF hazard assessment in the Himalayan region D. Gaikwad et al. 10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101437
- Temporal and spatial changes of glacial lakes in the central Himalayas and their response to climate change based on multi-source remote sensing data X. Cheng et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104675
Latest update: 30 Mar 2025
Short summary
A new inventory of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in High Mountain Asia found 697 events, causing 906 deaths, 3 times more than previously reported. This study provides insights into the contributing factors behind GLOFs on a regional scale and highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches, including scientific communities and local knowledge, to understand GLOF risks in Asia. This study allows integration with other datasets, enabling future local and regional risk assessments.
A new inventory of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in High Mountain Asia found 697 events,...
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