Articles | Volume 12, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
10 Dec 2020
Data description paper |
| 10 Dec 2020
| 10 Dec 2020
A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change
Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South
Wales, Sydney, Australia
ARC Centre of Excellence in Australian Biodiversity and Heritage,
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New
South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Richard T. Jones
Department of Geography, Exeter University, Devon, EX4 4RJ, UK
deceased
Nicholas P. McKay
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University,
Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
Erik van Sebille
Grantham Institute, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Department of Physics, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Zoë A. Thomas
Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South
Wales, Sydney, Australia
ARC Centre of Excellence in Australian Biodiversity and Heritage,
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New
South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3
0ET, UK
Christopher J. Fogwill
Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South
Wales, Sydney, Australia
School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University,
Keele ST5 5BG, UK
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29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Atmospheric and oceanic circulation altered by global mean sea-level rise Z. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s41561-023-01153-y
- Assessment of the southern polar and subpolar warming in the PMIP4 last interglacial simulations using paleoclimate data syntheses Q. Gao et al. 10.5194/cp-21-419-2025
- Retreat and Regrowth of the Greenland Ice Sheet During the Last Interglacial as Simulated by the CESM2‐CISM2 Coupled Climate–Ice Sheet Model A. Sommers et al. 10.1029/2021PA004272
- Antiphase change in Walker Circulation between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean during the Last Interglacial induced by interbasin sea surface temperature anomaly contrast J. Ma et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-07039-4
- Indian Ocean Dipole Changes During the Last Interglacial Modulated by the Mean Oceanic Climatology S. Liu et al. 10.1029/2023GL106153
- A Westward Shift in Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity and Genesis Regions in the North Atlantic During the Last Interglacial Q. Yan et al. 10.1029/2021GL093946
- North American Hydroclimate During Past Warms States: A Proxy Compilation‐Model Comparison for the Last Interglacial and the Mid‐Holocene C. de Wet et al. 10.1029/2022PA004528
- Glacial–interglacial Circumpolar Deep Water temperatures during the last 800 000 years: estimates from a synthesis of bottom water temperature reconstructions D. Chandler & P. Langebroek 10.5194/cp-20-2055-2024
- Can a global mean sea-level rise reduce the Last Interglacial model–data mismatch in East Asia? Z. Qian et al. 10.1016/j.aosl.2023.100406
- Deciphering the variations and mechanisms of the westerly jets across the Northern Hemisphere during the Last Interglacial based on PMIP4 models N. Jiang et al. 10.1007/s00382-021-06100-4
- Efficiently simulating Lagrangian particles in large-scale ocean flows — Data structures and their impact on geophysical applications C. Kehl et al. 10.1016/j.cageo.2023.105322
- Strength of the North African monsoon in the Last Interglacial and under future warming J. He et al. 10.1016/j.aosl.2022.100320
- Distinctive changes of Asian–African summer monsoon in interglacial epochs and global warming scenario Y. Wang et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-07013-0
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- Contrasting latitudinal evolution of East Asian monsoonal precipitation during the Last Interglacial (130–120 ka) N. Jiang et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00574-9
- Last Interglacial decadal sea surface temperature variability in the eastern Mediterranean I. Obreht et al. 10.1038/s41561-022-01016-y
- EC‐Earth Simulations Reveal Enhanced Inter‐Hemispheric Thermal Contrast During the Last Interglacial Further Intensified the Indian Monsoon K. Chen et al. 10.1029/2021GL094551
- Southern Ocean sea surface temperature synthesis: Part 1. Evaluation of temperature proxies at glacial-interglacial time scales D. Chandler & P. Langebroek 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107191
- General characteristics of climate change over China and associated dynamic mechanisms during the Last Interglacial based on PMIP4 simulations N. Jiang et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103700
- Long-chain alkenones in the Shimosa Group reveal palaeotemperatures of the Pleistocene interglacial Palaeo-Tokyo Bays H. Kajita et al. 10.1186/s40645-022-00499-y
- How does the Southern Ocean palaeoenvironment during Marine Isotope Stage 5e compare to the modern? M. Chadwick et al. 10.1016/j.marmicro.2021.102066
- The variations of ENSO teleconnections during the Last Interglacial based on PMIP4 simulations J. Ma et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112193
- Ice Sheet and Climate Processes Driving the Uncertainty in Projections of Future Sea Level Rise: Findings From a Structured Expert Judgement Approach J. Bamber et al. 10.1029/2022EF002772
- A global Data Assimilation of Moisture Patterns from 21 000–0 BP (DAMP-21ka) using lake level proxy records C. Hancock et al. 10.5194/cp-20-2663-2024
- Enhanced summer extreme precipitation over the Asian-African land monsoon regions during past warm periods: A modelling perspective from CESM2 X. Kong et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108291
- Southern Ocean sea surface temperature synthesis: Part 2. Penultimate glacial and last interglacial D. Chandler & P. Langebroek 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107190
- Elevated atmospheric CO 2 drove an increase in tropical cyclone intensity during the early Toarcian hyperthermal Q. Yan et al. 10.1073/pnas.2301018120
- Retreat of the Antarctic Ice Sheet During the Last Interglaciation and Implications for Future Change N. Golledge et al. 10.1029/2021GL094513
- Modeled storm surge changes in a warmer world: the Last Interglacial P. Scussolini et al. 10.5194/cp-19-141-2023
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Atmospheric and oceanic circulation altered by global mean sea-level rise Z. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s41561-023-01153-y
- Assessment of the southern polar and subpolar warming in the PMIP4 last interglacial simulations using paleoclimate data syntheses Q. Gao et al. 10.5194/cp-21-419-2025
- Retreat and Regrowth of the Greenland Ice Sheet During the Last Interglacial as Simulated by the CESM2‐CISM2 Coupled Climate–Ice Sheet Model A. Sommers et al. 10.1029/2021PA004272
- Antiphase change in Walker Circulation between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean during the Last Interglacial induced by interbasin sea surface temperature anomaly contrast J. Ma et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-07039-4
- Indian Ocean Dipole Changes During the Last Interglacial Modulated by the Mean Oceanic Climatology S. Liu et al. 10.1029/2023GL106153
- A Westward Shift in Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity and Genesis Regions in the North Atlantic During the Last Interglacial Q. Yan et al. 10.1029/2021GL093946
- North American Hydroclimate During Past Warms States: A Proxy Compilation‐Model Comparison for the Last Interglacial and the Mid‐Holocene C. de Wet et al. 10.1029/2022PA004528
- Glacial–interglacial Circumpolar Deep Water temperatures during the last 800 000 years: estimates from a synthesis of bottom water temperature reconstructions D. Chandler & P. Langebroek 10.5194/cp-20-2055-2024
- Can a global mean sea-level rise reduce the Last Interglacial model–data mismatch in East Asia? Z. Qian et al. 10.1016/j.aosl.2023.100406
- Deciphering the variations and mechanisms of the westerly jets across the Northern Hemisphere during the Last Interglacial based on PMIP4 models N. Jiang et al. 10.1007/s00382-021-06100-4
- Efficiently simulating Lagrangian particles in large-scale ocean flows — Data structures and their impact on geophysical applications C. Kehl et al. 10.1016/j.cageo.2023.105322
- Strength of the North African monsoon in the Last Interglacial and under future warming J. He et al. 10.1016/j.aosl.2022.100320
- Distinctive changes of Asian–African summer monsoon in interglacial epochs and global warming scenario Y. Wang et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-07013-0
- New datings and elevations of a fossil reef in Lembetabe, southwest Madagascar: eustatic and tectonic implications J. Weil-Accardo et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108197
- Contrasting latitudinal evolution of East Asian monsoonal precipitation during the Last Interglacial (130–120 ka) N. Jiang et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00574-9
- Last Interglacial decadal sea surface temperature variability in the eastern Mediterranean I. Obreht et al. 10.1038/s41561-022-01016-y
- EC‐Earth Simulations Reveal Enhanced Inter‐Hemispheric Thermal Contrast During the Last Interglacial Further Intensified the Indian Monsoon K. Chen et al. 10.1029/2021GL094551
- Southern Ocean sea surface temperature synthesis: Part 1. Evaluation of temperature proxies at glacial-interglacial time scales D. Chandler & P. Langebroek 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107191
- General characteristics of climate change over China and associated dynamic mechanisms during the Last Interglacial based on PMIP4 simulations N. Jiang et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103700
- Long-chain alkenones in the Shimosa Group reveal palaeotemperatures of the Pleistocene interglacial Palaeo-Tokyo Bays H. Kajita et al. 10.1186/s40645-022-00499-y
- How does the Southern Ocean palaeoenvironment during Marine Isotope Stage 5e compare to the modern? M. Chadwick et al. 10.1016/j.marmicro.2021.102066
- The variations of ENSO teleconnections during the Last Interglacial based on PMIP4 simulations J. Ma et al. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112193
- Ice Sheet and Climate Processes Driving the Uncertainty in Projections of Future Sea Level Rise: Findings From a Structured Expert Judgement Approach J. Bamber et al. 10.1029/2022EF002772
- A global Data Assimilation of Moisture Patterns from 21 000–0 BP (DAMP-21ka) using lake level proxy records C. Hancock et al. 10.5194/cp-20-2663-2024
- Enhanced summer extreme precipitation over the Asian-African land monsoon regions during past warm periods: A modelling perspective from CESM2 X. Kong et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108291
- Southern Ocean sea surface temperature synthesis: Part 2. Penultimate glacial and last interglacial D. Chandler & P. Langebroek 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107190
- Elevated atmospheric CO 2 drove an increase in tropical cyclone intensity during the early Toarcian hyperthermal Q. Yan et al. 10.1073/pnas.2301018120
- Retreat of the Antarctic Ice Sheet During the Last Interglaciation and Implications for Future Change N. Golledge et al. 10.1029/2021GL094513
- Modeled storm surge changes in a warmer world: the Last Interglacial P. Scussolini et al. 10.5194/cp-19-141-2023
Latest update: 03 Mar 2025
Short summary
The Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) experienced global temperatures and sea levels higher than today. The direct contribution of warmer conditions to global sea level (thermosteric) are uncertain. We report a global network of sea surface temperatures. We find mean global annual temperature anomalies of 0.2 ± 0.1˚C and an early maximum peak of 0.9 ± 0.1˚C. Our reconstruction suggests warmer waters contributed on average 0.08 ± 0.1 m and a peak contribution of 0.39 ± 0.1 m to global sea level.
The Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) experienced global temperatures and sea levels higher than...
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