A high spatiotemporal resolution atmospheric motion vector dataset from Fengyun-4B Geostationary High-speed Imager observations for 15 tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific and South China Sea (2022–2025)

Abstract. High spatiotemporal resolution wind observations are essential for resolving the rapidly evolving inner-core circulation, spiral rainbands, upper-level outflow, and asymmetric structural changes of tropical cyclones (TCs), yet these features remain inadequately sampled by conventional observing systems and operational atmospheric motion vector (AMV) products. This study presents a consistently processed and systematically evaluated minute-scale temporal and mesoscale spatial atmospheric motion vector (MAMV) dataset derived from the Geostationary High-speed Imager (GHI) onboard Fengyun-4B (FY-4B) for 15 TCs over the western North Pacific and the South China Sea (SCS) during 2022–2025. The dataset includes daytime visible-band (VIS) MAMVs with a nominal vector spacing of 3 km and day-and-night infrared-band (IRX) MAMVs with a nominal spacing of 24 km. Four stable products are generated at the 1, 2, 6, and 7 min marks of each recurring 10 min observation cycle. The dataset represents the highest combined spatial and temporal resolution currently available for a multi-case geostationary satellite TC wind-field dataset, providing detailed observations of inner-core flow, spiral-rainband circulation, convective-cloud boundaries, peripheral winds, and upper-tropospheric outflow that are difficult to obtain from radiosondes, conventional AMVs, or hourly reanalysis fields. Quality-screened vectors were evaluated against radiosonde observations and ERA5 reanalysis winds. The mean speed bias, mean vector difference, and standard deviation of vector differences were 2.34, 4.05, and 1.77 m s⁻¹ for VIS, 2.21, 4.74, and 2.17 m s⁻¹ for IRX when using radiosondes as reference, they are 1.62, 5.57, and 4.63 m s⁻¹ for VIS, 0.31, 5.95, and 3.66 m s⁻¹ for IRX when using ERA5 as reference. The dataset provides a new observational basis for continuously monitoring the multiscale evolution of tropical cyclones, including changes in inner-core circulation, spiral rainbands, asymmetric wind structures, peripheral flow, and upper-tropospheric outflow, thereby supporting improved analysis of TC development, structural change, and short-term intensity evolution. The FY-4B/GHI IRX MAMV dataset for 2022–2025 is available at doi:10.5281/zenodo.22790846; The FY-4B/GHI VIS datasets are available at doi:10.5281/zenodo.22791421 for 2022–2023, doi:10.5281/zenodo.22791444 for 2024, and doi:10.5281/zenodo.22791469 for 2025 (Xia et al., 2026a, b, c, d).