Articles | Volume 8, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-177-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-177-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Ecological survey of the native pinewoods of Scotland 1971
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre,
Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
Robert G. H. Bunce
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreuzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
Related authors
Christopher G. Marston, Aneurin W. O'Neil, R. Daniel Morton, Claire M. Wood, and Clare S. Rowland
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4631–4649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4631-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4631-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The UK Land Cover Map 2021 (LCM2021) is a UK-wide land cover data set, with 21- and 10-class versions. It is intended to support a broad range of UK environmental research, including ecological and hydrological research. LCM2021 was produced by classifying Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. LCM2021 is distributed as a suite of products to facilitate easy use for a range of applications. To support research at different spatial scales it includes 10 m, 25 m and 1 km resolution products.
Claire M. Wood, Jamie Alison, Marc S. Botham, Annette Burden, François Edwards, R. Angus Garbutt, Paul B. L. George, Peter A. Henrys, Russel Hobson, Susan Jarvis, Patrick Keenan, Aidan M. Keith, Inma Lebron, Lindsay C. Maskell, Lisa R. Norton, David A. Robinson, Fiona M. Seaton, Peter Scarlett, Gavin M. Siriwardena, James Skates, Simon M. Smart, Bronwen Williams, and Bridget A. Emmett
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4155–4173, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4155-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4155-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP) ran from 2013 until 2016, as a national programme of ecological study in Wales. GMEP included a large field survey component, collecting data on a range of elements including vegetation, land cover and land use, soils, freshwater, birds, and insect pollinators. GMEP was designed so that surveys could be repeated at regular intervals to monitor the Welsh environment. Data from GMEP have been used to address many applied policy questions.
Claire M. Wood, Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Simon M. Smart, and Colin J. Barr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 899–918, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-899-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-899-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In the 1990s, ecological survey work was carried out in English landscapes containing semi-natural habitats that were perceived to be under threat, or which represented areas of concern ("key habitats"), complementing the national Countryside Survey of Great Britain. The landscapes were lowland heath, chalk and limestone grasslands, coasts and uplands. Standardised procedures were used to record ecological data from representative 1 km squares throughout England in 1992 and 1993.
Claire M. Wood, Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Lindsay C. Maskell, Simon M. Smart, W. Andrew Scott, Peter A. Henrys, David C. Howard, Simon M. Wright, Michael J. Brown, Rod J. Scott, Rick C. Stuart, and John W. Watkins
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 745–763, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-745-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-745-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Countryside Survey (CS) of Great Britain consists of an extensive set of repeated ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 29 years. CS was first undertaken in 1978 to monitor ecological and land use change in Britain using standardised procedures for recording ecological data from representative 1 km squares throughout the country. The mapping of ecological landscape elements has subsequently been repeated in 1984, 1990, 1998 and 2007.
Claire M. Wood, Simon M. Smart, Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Lindsay C. Maskell, David C. Howard, W. Andrew Scott, and Peter A. Henrys
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 445–459, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-445-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-445-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Countryside Survey (CS) of Great Britain consists of an extensive set of repeated ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 29 years. CS was first undertaken in 1978 to monitor ecological and land use change in Britain using standardised procedures for recording ecological data from representative 1 km squares throughout the country. The vegetation component has subsequently been repeated in 1990, 1998 and 2007, and changes may be related to a range of drivers.
Claire M. Wood and Robert G. H. Bunce
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 89–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-89-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-89-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A survey of the natural environment was undertaken in Shetland in 1974, after concern was expressed that large-scale development from the new oil industry could threaten the natural features of the islands. A framework was constructed by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology on which to select samples for the survey. The vegetation and habitat data that were collected, along with the sampling framework, have recently been made public.
C. M. Wood, S. M. Smart, and R. G. H. Bunce
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 203–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-203-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-203-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Woodland Survey of Great Britain is a unique data set, consisting of a detailed range of ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 30 years. A set of 103 semi-natural woods spread across Britain were first surveyed in 1971, which were again surveyed in 2000-2003. Standardised methods of describing the trees, shrubs, ground flora, soils and general habitats present were used for both sets of surveys.
Christopher G. Marston, Aneurin W. O'Neil, R. Daniel Morton, Claire M. Wood, and Clare S. Rowland
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4631–4649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4631-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4631-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The UK Land Cover Map 2021 (LCM2021) is a UK-wide land cover data set, with 21- and 10-class versions. It is intended to support a broad range of UK environmental research, including ecological and hydrological research. LCM2021 was produced by classifying Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. LCM2021 is distributed as a suite of products to facilitate easy use for a range of applications. To support research at different spatial scales it includes 10 m, 25 m and 1 km resolution products.
Claire M. Wood, Jamie Alison, Marc S. Botham, Annette Burden, François Edwards, R. Angus Garbutt, Paul B. L. George, Peter A. Henrys, Russel Hobson, Susan Jarvis, Patrick Keenan, Aidan M. Keith, Inma Lebron, Lindsay C. Maskell, Lisa R. Norton, David A. Robinson, Fiona M. Seaton, Peter Scarlett, Gavin M. Siriwardena, James Skates, Simon M. Smart, Bronwen Williams, and Bridget A. Emmett
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4155–4173, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4155-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4155-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP) ran from 2013 until 2016, as a national programme of ecological study in Wales. GMEP included a large field survey component, collecting data on a range of elements including vegetation, land cover and land use, soils, freshwater, birds, and insect pollinators. GMEP was designed so that surveys could be repeated at regular intervals to monitor the Welsh environment. Data from GMEP have been used to address many applied policy questions.
Claire M. Wood, Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Simon M. Smart, and Colin J. Barr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 899–918, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-899-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-899-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In the 1990s, ecological survey work was carried out in English landscapes containing semi-natural habitats that were perceived to be under threat, or which represented areas of concern ("key habitats"), complementing the national Countryside Survey of Great Britain. The landscapes were lowland heath, chalk and limestone grasslands, coasts and uplands. Standardised procedures were used to record ecological data from representative 1 km squares throughout England in 1992 and 1993.
Claire M. Wood, Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Lindsay C. Maskell, Simon M. Smart, W. Andrew Scott, Peter A. Henrys, David C. Howard, Simon M. Wright, Michael J. Brown, Rod J. Scott, Rick C. Stuart, and John W. Watkins
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 745–763, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-745-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-745-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Countryside Survey (CS) of Great Britain consists of an extensive set of repeated ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 29 years. CS was first undertaken in 1978 to monitor ecological and land use change in Britain using standardised procedures for recording ecological data from representative 1 km squares throughout the country. The mapping of ecological landscape elements has subsequently been repeated in 1984, 1990, 1998 and 2007.
Claire M. Wood, Simon M. Smart, Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Lindsay C. Maskell, David C. Howard, W. Andrew Scott, and Peter A. Henrys
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 445–459, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-445-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-445-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Countryside Survey (CS) of Great Britain consists of an extensive set of repeated ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 29 years. CS was first undertaken in 1978 to monitor ecological and land use change in Britain using standardised procedures for recording ecological data from representative 1 km squares throughout the country. The vegetation component has subsequently been repeated in 1990, 1998 and 2007, and changes may be related to a range of drivers.
Claire M. Wood and Robert G. H. Bunce
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 89–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-89-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-89-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A survey of the natural environment was undertaken in Shetland in 1974, after concern was expressed that large-scale development from the new oil industry could threaten the natural features of the islands. A framework was constructed by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology on which to select samples for the survey. The vegetation and habitat data that were collected, along with the sampling framework, have recently been made public.
C. M. Wood, S. M. Smart, and R. G. H. Bunce
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 203–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-203-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-203-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Woodland Survey of Great Britain is a unique data set, consisting of a detailed range of ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 30 years. A set of 103 semi-natural woods spread across Britain were first surveyed in 1971, which were again surveyed in 2000-2003. Standardised methods of describing the trees, shrubs, ground flora, soils and general habitats present were used for both sets of surveys.
Related subject area
Biosphere – Biodiversity
New historical data for long-term swordfish ecological studies in the Mediterranean Sea
An 18S V4 rRNA metabarcoding dataset of protist diversity in the Atlantic inflow to the Arctic Ocean, through the year and down to 1000 m depth
Integrated ecological monitoring in Wales: the Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme field survey
Multi-scale data on intertidal macrobenthic biodiversity and environmental features in three New Zealand harbours
The Arctic Traits Database – a repository of Arctic benthic invertebrate traits
Freshwater fish fauna of rivers of the southern Western Ghats, India
Copepod species abundance from the Southern Ocean and other regions (1980–2005) – a legacy
Land cover and vegetation data from an ecological survey of "key habitat" landscapes in England, 1992–1993
Growth characteristics of natural and planted Dahurian larch in northeast China
Ecological landscape elements: long-term monitoring in Great Britain, the Countryside Survey 1978–2007 and beyond
Seabed images from Southern Ocean shelf regions off the northern Antarctic Peninsula and in the southeastern Weddell Sea
Long-term vegetation monitoring in Great Britain – the Countryside Survey 1978–2007 and beyond
Standardization of a geo-referenced fishing data set for the Indian Ocean bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (1952–2014)
Survey of the terrestrial habitats and vegetation of Shetland, 1974 – a framework for long-term ecological monitoring
Woodland Survey of Great Britain 1971–2001
Brian R. MacKenzie, Teresa Romeo, Piero Addis, Pietro Battaglia, Pierpaolo Consoli, Franco Andaloro, and Gianluca Sarà
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5867–5877, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5867-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5867-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Management of marine fisheries and ecosystems is limited by knowledge based on datasets which are short and recent. We recovered new long-term catch and size data for swordfish in the Mediterranean Sea. Our new data series cover the period 1896–2010, which predates most other Mediterranean swordfish datasets. The data allow scientists to investigate long-term effects of fishing and ocean–climate conditions on swordfish ecology in the Mediterranean Sea.
Elianne Egge, Stephanie Elferink, Daniel Vaulot, Uwe John, Gunnar Bratbak, Aud Larsen, and Bente Edvardsen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4913–4928, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4913-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4913-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a dataset of DNA sequences obtained from size-fractionated seawater samples from the Arctic Ocean that are used to identify taxonomic groups of unicellular plankton. This dataset can be used to investigate the diversity and distribution of plankton groups both by season and by depth and thus increase our understanding of the factors influencing the dynamics of this important part of the Arctic marine ecosystem.
Claire M. Wood, Jamie Alison, Marc S. Botham, Annette Burden, François Edwards, R. Angus Garbutt, Paul B. L. George, Peter A. Henrys, Russel Hobson, Susan Jarvis, Patrick Keenan, Aidan M. Keith, Inma Lebron, Lindsay C. Maskell, Lisa R. Norton, David A. Robinson, Fiona M. Seaton, Peter Scarlett, Gavin M. Siriwardena, James Skates, Simon M. Smart, Bronwen Williams, and Bridget A. Emmett
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4155–4173, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4155-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4155-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP) ran from 2013 until 2016, as a national programme of ecological study in Wales. GMEP included a large field survey component, collecting data on a range of elements including vegetation, land cover and land use, soils, freshwater, birds, and insect pollinators. GMEP was designed so that surveys could be repeated at regular intervals to monitor the Welsh environment. Data from GMEP have been used to address many applied policy questions.
Casper Kraan, Barry L. Greenfield, and Simon F. Thrush
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 293–297, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-293-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-293-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how the plants and animals that live in the sea floor vary in their spatial patterns of diversity and abundance is fundamental to gaining insight into the role of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem functioning in coastal ecosystems. Yet data are lacking. Therefore, we collected multi-scale high-resolution data on macrobenthic biodiversity in New Zealand marine sandflats. For 1200 sampling locations we provide data on benthic biodiversity and associated environmental variables.
Renate Degen and Sarah Faulwetter
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 301–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-301-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-301-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Trait-based approaches (such that consider the life history, morphological, physiological and behavioral characteristics of species) promise new insights in ecology. To facilitate these approaches also in polar regions, we provide the free and easily accessible Arctic Traits Database to the scientific community. Trait information was collected from literature and via communication with experts. At present the database holds trait information for more than 1900 arctic taxa.
Anbu Aravazhi Arunkumar and Arunachalam Manimekalan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1735–1752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1735-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1735-2018, 2018
Astrid Cornils, Rainer Sieger, Elke Mizdalski, Stefanie Schumacher, Hannes Grobe, and Sigrid B. Schnack-Schiel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1457–1471, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1457-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1457-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Copepods are the predominant taxon in marine zooplankton and play an important role in the pelagic food web as intermediators between primary producers, the microbial loop and higher trophic levels. Here, we provide 33 data sets with abundances for a total of 312 copepod taxa from the Southern Ocean, the Magellan region, the Great Meteor Bank and the northern Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aqaba.
Claire M. Wood, Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Simon M. Smart, and Colin J. Barr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 899–918, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-899-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-899-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In the 1990s, ecological survey work was carried out in English landscapes containing semi-natural habitats that were perceived to be under threat, or which represented areas of concern ("key habitats"), complementing the national Countryside Survey of Great Britain. The landscapes were lowland heath, chalk and limestone grasslands, coasts and uplands. Standardised procedures were used to record ecological data from representative 1 km squares throughout England in 1992 and 1993.
Bingrui Jia and Guangsheng Zhou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 893–898, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-893-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-893-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) is the dominant species in northeast China, which is situated in the southernmost part of the global boreal forest and is undergoing great climate change. Its growth characteristics (tree height, diameter at breast height, tree volume and/or stand volume) were collected from published studies from 1965 to 2015. The data set (N=743) provides a quantitative reference for plantation management practices and boreal forest growth prediction under future climate change.
Claire M. Wood, Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Lindsay C. Maskell, Simon M. Smart, W. Andrew Scott, Peter A. Henrys, David C. Howard, Simon M. Wright, Michael J. Brown, Rod J. Scott, Rick C. Stuart, and John W. Watkins
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 745–763, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-745-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-745-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Countryside Survey (CS) of Great Britain consists of an extensive set of repeated ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 29 years. CS was first undertaken in 1978 to monitor ecological and land use change in Britain using standardised procedures for recording ecological data from representative 1 km squares throughout the country. The mapping of ecological landscape elements has subsequently been repeated in 1984, 1990, 1998 and 2007.
Dieter Piepenburg, Alexander Buschmann, Amelie Driemel, Hannes Grobe, Julian Gutt, Stefanie Schumacher, Alexandra Segelken-Voigt, and Rainer Sieger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 461–469, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-461-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-461-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
An ocean floor observation system (OFOS) was used to collect seabed imagery on two cruises of the RV Polarstern, ANT-XXIX/3 (PS81) to the Antarctic Peninsula from January to March 2013 and ANT-XXXI/2 (PS96) to the Weddell Sea from December 2015 to February 2016. We report on the image and data collections gathered during these cruises. Seabed images, including metadata, are available from the data publisher PANGAEA via https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.872719 (PS81) and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.862097 (PS96).
Claire M. Wood, Simon M. Smart, Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Lindsay C. Maskell, David C. Howard, W. Andrew Scott, and Peter A. Henrys
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 445–459, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-445-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-445-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Countryside Survey (CS) of Great Britain consists of an extensive set of repeated ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 29 years. CS was first undertaken in 1978 to monitor ecological and land use change in Britain using standardised procedures for recording ecological data from representative 1 km squares throughout the country. The vegetation component has subsequently been repeated in 1990, 1998 and 2007, and changes may be related to a range of drivers.
Teja A. Wibawa, Patrick Lehodey, and Inna Senina
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 163–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-163-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-163-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Geo-referenced catch and fishing effort data of the bigeye tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean over 1952–2014 were analyzed and standardized to facilitate population dynamics modeling studies. A total of 30 fisheries were finally determined from longline, purse seine and other-gears data sets. Nevertheless, still one-third of total nominal catch is not included due to a total lack of geo-referenced information and would need to be processed separately.
Claire M. Wood and Robert G. H. Bunce
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 89–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-89-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-89-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A survey of the natural environment was undertaken in Shetland in 1974, after concern was expressed that large-scale development from the new oil industry could threaten the natural features of the islands. A framework was constructed by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology on which to select samples for the survey. The vegetation and habitat data that were collected, along with the sampling framework, have recently been made public.
C. M. Wood, S. M. Smart, and R. G. H. Bunce
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 203–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-203-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-203-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Woodland Survey of Great Britain is a unique data set, consisting of a detailed range of ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 30 years. A set of 103 semi-natural woods spread across Britain were first surveyed in 1971, which were again surveyed in 2000-2003. Standardised methods of describing the trees, shrubs, ground flora, soils and general habitats present were used for both sets of surveys.
Cited articles
Allen, S. E.: Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials, 2nd Edn., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989.
Bain, C.: Native Pinewoods in Scotland: A Review 1957–1987, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Edinburgh, 1987.
Bain, C.: The Ancient Pinewoods of Scotland, Sandstone Press Ltd, Dingwall, 2013.
Baines, D., Sage, R., and Baines, M.: The implications of red deer grazing to ground vegetation and invertebrate communities of Scottish native pinewoods, J. Appl. Ecol., 31, 776–783, https://doi.org/10.2307/2404167, 1994.
Balfour, J.: Introduction to the symposium on Scottish native pinewoods, in: Native Pinewoods of Scotland, edited by: Bunce, R. G. H. and Jeffers, J. N. R., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, 1977.
Barr, C. J., Bunce, R. G. H., Clarke, R. T., Fuller, R. M., Furse, M. T., Gillespie, M. K., Groom, G. B., Hallam, C. J., Hornung, M., Howard, D. C., and Ness, M. J.: Countryside Survey 1990: main report, Countryside 1990 Vol. 2, London: Department of the Environment, 1993.
Bennett, K.: The post-glacial history of Pinus sylvestris in the British Isles, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 3, 133–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(84)90016-7, 1984.
Bunce, R. G. H.: Native pinewood survey, in: Merlewood Research Station Report for 1970–72, The Nature Conservancy, Grange-over-Sands, 1973.
Bunce, R. G. H.: The range of variation within the pinewoods, in: Native pinewoods of Scotland, edited by: Bunce, R. G. H. and Jeffers, J. N. R., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, 10–25, 1977.
Bunce, R. G. H. and Jeffers, J. N. R.: Native pinewoods of Scotland, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, 1977.
Bunce, R. G. H. and Shaw, M. W.: A standardised method for ecological survey, J. Environ. Manage., 1, 239–258, 1973.
Bunce, R. G. H. and Smith, R. S.: An ecological survey of Cumbria, Structure Plan Working Paper, 4, Cumbria County Council and Lake District Special Planning Board, Kendal, 1978.
Bunce, R. G. H., Metzger, M. J., Jongman, R. H. G., Brandt, J., de Blust, G., Elena-Rossello, R., Groom, G. B., Halada, L., Hofer, G., Howard, D. C., Kovář, P., Mücher, C. A., Padoa-Schioppa, E., Paelinx, D., Palo, A., Perez-Soba, M., Ramos, I. L., Roche, P., Skånes, H., and Wrbka, T.: A standardized procedure for surveillance and monitoring European habitats and provision of spatial data, Landsc. Ecol., 23, 11–25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9173-8, 2008.
Bunce, R. G. H., Bogers, M., and Roche, P.: Manual for habitat and vegetation surveillance and monitoring: temperate, mediterranean and desert biomes, Alterra, Wageningen, 2011.
Bunce, R. G. H., Shaw, M. W., and Wood, C. M.: Habitat, vegetation, tree and soil data from Native Pinewoods in Scotland, 1971, NERC Environmental Information Data Centre, https://doi.org/10.5285/56a48373-771c-4d4a-8b5a-45ef496c6e55, 2015.
Cameron, A., Miller, D., Ramsay, F., Nikolaou, I., and Clarke, G.: Temporal measurement of the loss of native pinewood in Scotland through the analysis of orthorectified aerial photographs, J. Environ. Manage., 58, 33–43, https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.1999.0306, 2000.
Carey, P. D., Wallis, S., Chamberlain, P. M., Cooper, A., Emmett, B. A., Maskell, L. C., McCann, T., Murphy, J., Norton, L. R., Reynolds, B., Scott, W. A., Simpson, I. C., Smart, S. M., and Ullyett, J. M.: Countryside Survey: UK Results from 2007, NERC/Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, 2008.
Emmett, B. E. and GMEP team: Glastir Monitoring & Evaluation Programme. First Year Annual Report to Welsh Government (Contract reference: C147/2010/11), NERC/Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bangor, 442 pp., 2014.
Gimingham, C.: The status of pinewoods in British ecosystems, Native Pinewoods of Scotland, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, UK, 1–4, 1977.
Goodier, R. and Bunce, R. G. H.: The native pinewoods of Scotland: the current state of the resource, in: Native pinewoods of Scotland, edited by: Bunce, R. G. H. and Jeffers, J. N. R., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, 78–87, 1977.
Hill, M. O., Bunce, R. G. H., and Shaw, M. W.: Indicator species analysis, a divisive polythetic method of classification, and its application to a survey of native pinewoods in Scotland, J. Ecol., 63, 597–613, https://doi.org/10.2307/2258738, 1975.
ISO 19115 (International Organization for Standardization): available at: http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=26020 (last access: 12 October 2015), 2003.
JNCC: 91C0 Caledonian forest, available at: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/ProtectedSites/SACselection/habitat.asp?FeatureIntCode=H91C0, last access: 2 November 2015.
Kirby, K. J., Smart, S. M., Black, H. I. J., Bunce, R. G. H., Corney, P. M., and Smithers, R. J.: Long term ecological change in British woodland (1971–2001). A re-survey and analysis of change based on the 103 sites in the Nature Conservancy `Bunce 1971' woodland survey. Final report, Peterborough: English Nature (English Nature Research Reports Number 653), 139 + appendices, 2005.
Lowe, V. P. W.: Pinewoods as habitats for mammals, in: Native Pinewoods of Scotland, Proceedings of Aviemore Symposium, Insititute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, 103–111, 1977.
Mason, W., Connolly, T., Pommerening, A., and Edwards, C.: Spatial structure of semi-natural and plantation stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in northern Scotland, Forestry, 80, 567–586, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpm038, 2007.
McHaffie, H., Legg, C. J., Worrell, R., Cowie, N., and Amphlett, A.: Scots pine growing on forested mires in Abernethy Forest, Strathspey, Scotland, Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh and Botanical Society of Edinburgh Transactions, 54, 209–219, https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685038, 2002.
McVean, D. N. and Ratcliffe, D. A.: Plant communities of the Scottish Highlands. A study of Scottish mountain, moorland and forest vegetation, Monographs of the Nature Conservancy, HMSO, London, 445 pp., 1962.
Met Office: available at: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/, last access: 8 April 2016.
Milner, C.: Shetland project monitoring report Nature Conservancy Council, Grange over Sands, Contract Report to the Nature Conservancy Council, Nature Conservancy Council, Grange over Sands, 1975.
Newton, I. and Moss, D.: Breeding birds of Scottish pinewoods, in: Native pinewoods of Scotland, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, 26–34, 1977.
Palmer, S. C. F. and Truscott, A.-M.: Browsing by deer on naturally regenerating Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its effects on sapling growth, Forest Ecology and Management, 182, 31–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00026-4, 2003.
Patterson, G., Nelson, D., Robertson, P., and Tullis, J.: Scotland's Native Woodlands: Results from the Native Woodland Survey of Scotland, Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, 2014.
Peterken, G. F.: Natural woodland: ecology and conservation in northern temperate regions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.
Prosser, M. and Wallace, H.: Countryside Survey 1990 Quality Assurance Exercise. Report to Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Merlewood Research Station, Canon Pyon, Herefordshire, 1992.
Roberts, A., Russell, C., Walker, G., and Kirby, K.: Regional variation in the origin, extent and composition of Scottish woodland, Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh and Botanical Society of Edinburgh Transactions, 46, 167–189, https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600508684786, 1992.
Roche, P. and Geijzendorffer, I.: EBONE: integrated figures of habitat and biodiversity indicators: quantifying indicators of an integrated biodiversity observation system, Alterra, Wageningen UR, 2013.
Romão, C.: Interpretation manual of European Union habitats, version EUR 28, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/docs/Int_Manual_EU28.pdf (last access: 3 May 2016), 2013.
Scott, D., Welch, D., Thurlow, M., and Elston, D. A.: Regeneration of Pinus sylvestris in a natural pinewood in NE Scotland following reduction in grazing by Cervus elaphus, Forest Ecol. Manage., 130, 199–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00191-7, 2000.
Scottish Government: Scottish Biodiversity List, available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/Wildlife-Habitats/16118/Biodiversitylist/SBL, last access: 2 November 2015.
Shaw, M. W. and Bunce, R. G. H.: National Woodlands Classification 1971 Handbook of Field Methods, Merlewood Research Station, The Nature Conservancy, Grange-over-Sands, 1971.
Smith, R.: Botanical survey of Scotland. II. North Perthshire district, The Scottish Geographical Magazine, 16, 441–467, https://doi.org/10.1080/00369220008733178, 1900.
Smout, T. C.: The Pinewoods and human use, 1600–1900, Forestry, 79, 341–349, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpl021, 2006.
Steven, H. M. and Carlisle, A.: The native pinewoods of Scotland, Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, 1959.
Summers, R. W. and Buckland, S. T.: A first survey of the global population size and distribution of the Scottish Crossbill Loxia scotica, Bird Conservation International, 21, 186–198, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270909990323, 2011.
Summers, R. W., Proctor, R., Raistrick, P., and Taylor, S.: The structure of Abernethy Forest, Strathspey, Scotland, Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh and Botanical Society of Edinburgh Transactions, 49, 39–55, https://doi.org/10.1080/03746609708684851, 1997.
UK GEMINI: available at: http://www.agi.org.uk/agi-group/standards-committee/uk-gemini, last access: 3 May 2016.
Vickers, A. and Palmer, S.: The influence of canopy cover and other factors upon the regeneration of Scots pine and its associated ground flora within Glen Tanar National Nature Reserve, Forestry, 73, 37–49, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/73.1.37, 2000.
Wilkinson, N. I., Langston, R. H., Gregory, R. D., Gibbons, D. W., and Marquiss, M.: Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus abundance and habitat use in Scotland, in winter 1998–99: A second full survey in which we estimate the population at 1073 birds (95 % CL 549–2041), Bird Study, 49, 177–185, https://doi.org/10.1080/00063650209461263, 2002.
Wilson, B. and Puri, G.: A comparison of pinewood and moorland soils in the Abernethy Forest Reserve, Scotland, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 10, 291–303, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00226.x, 2001.
Wood, C. M., Caffrey, D., and Bunce, R. G. H.: Dataset documentation – Scottish Pinewoods Survey 1971 (Native Pinewood Survey), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, 2015a.
Wood, C. M., Smart, S. M., and Bunce, R. G. H.: Woodland Survey of Great Britain 1971–2001, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 203–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-203-2015, 2015b.
Short summary
In 1971, an ecological survey of the native pinewoods of Scotland was carried out. This unique habitat is widely recognised, not only by ecologists for its inherent biodiversity but also by the general public for its cultural and amenity value. The repeatable survey collected information on ground flora, soils, forest structure and general site information from 27 major pinewood sites. The results from the survey helped to set the conservation agenda for the old Caledonian pinewoods.
In 1971, an ecological survey of the native pinewoods of Scotland was carried out. This unique...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint