Articles | Volume 18, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-7301-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-7301-2026
Data description article
 | 
06 Oct 2026
Data description article |  | 06 Oct 2026

HyBEAR: a hyperspectral benchmark for bare soil detection

Agata M. Wijata, Bogdan Ruszczak, Adriana Niepala, Michal Gumiela, Krzysztof Smykala, Nicolas Longépé, and Jakub Nalepa

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Cited articles

Adão, T., Hruška, J., Pádua, L., Bessa, J., Peres, E., Morais, R., and Sousa, J. J.: Hyperspectral Imaging: A Review on UAV-Based Sensors, Data Processing and Applications for Agriculture and Forestry, Remote Sens., 9, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9111110, 2017. a
Aijaz, N., Lan, H., Raza, T., Yaqub, M., Iqbal, R., and Pathan, M. S.: Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture: Advancing Crop Productivity and Sustainability, Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 20, 101762, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101762, 2025. a, b
Allied Market Research: Smart Agriculture Market by Type and Component: Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2021–2027, Tech. rep., Allied Market Research, https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/smart-agriculture-market (last access: 14 November 2025), 2023. a
Boguszewska-Mańkowska, D., Ruszczak, B., and Zarzyńska, K.: Classification of Potato Varieties Drought Stress Tolerance Using Supervised Learning, Appl. Sci., 12, https://doi.org/10.3390/app12041939, 2022. a
Bünemann, E. K., Bongiorno, G., Bai, Z., Creamer, R. E., De Deyn, G., de Goede, R., Fleskens, L., Geissen, V., Kuyper, T. W., Mäder, P., Pulleman, M., Sukkel, W., van Groenigen, J. W., and Brussaard, L.: Soil Quality – A Critical Review, Soil Biol. Biochem., 120, 105–125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.030, 2018. a
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The bare soil areas detection is an important step for Earth observation and Precision Agriculture applications. The HyBEAR is a novel large-scale dataset of high-res hyperspectral images, with 2 m ground sampling distance, and manual bare soil annotations verified by experts. It includes the largest-to-date dataset (108 mln pixels), the validation procedure, and initial results. The entire parcel's pixel-level labels enable developing the methods for entire fields with no vegetation detection.
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