Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Articles | Volume 18, issue 9
Articles | Volume 18, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-6995-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-6995-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 9
Data description article
 | 
23 Sep 2026
Data description article |  | 23 Sep 2026

AGPC: an Annual 500 m Gridded Population (1990–2020) for China incorporating 3D building volume dynamics

Xiaocong Xu, Shiyu He, Jinpei Ou, Yan Zhou, and Xiaoping Liu

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Short summary

We developed annual population maps for mainland China from 1990 to 2020 at 500-metre detail. A key advance is the use of changing three-dimensional building volume, allowing the maps to distinguish densely populated areas with extensive high-rise development that conventional maps based mainly on two-dimensional built-up land may overlook. Combined with census and other data, the maps show high accuracy and can support studies of urban growth, environmental change, and disaster risk.

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