Articles | Volume 18, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5663-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5663-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Extended global terrestrial evapotranspiration and gross primary production dataset from 1982 to near present
Zhenwu Xu
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
Dongdong Kong
Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
Xuanze Zhang
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Climate-driven shifts in vegetation phenology have a significant impact on hydrological processes. In this study, we integrated a process-based phenology module into the SWAT-Carbon model, which led to a substantial improvement in the simulation of vegetation dynamics and hydrological processes in the Jinsha River watershed. Our findings highlight the critical need to incorporate vegetation phenology into hydrological models to achieve a more accurate representation of ecohydrological processes.
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This study developed a daily, 500 m evapotranspiration and gross primary production product (PML-V2(China)) using a locally calibrated water–carbon coupled model, PML-V2, which was well calibrated against observations at 26 flux sites across nine land cover types. PML-V2 (China) performs satisfactorily in the plot- and basin-scale evaluations compared with other mainstream products. It improved intra-annual ET and GPP dynamics, particularly in the cropland ecosystem.
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Soil moisture information is crucial for understanding the earth surface, but currently available satellite-based soil moisture datasets are imperfect either in their spatiotemporal resolutions or in ensuring image completeness from cloudy weather. In this study, therefore, we developed one soil moisture data product over China that has tackled most of the above problems. This data product has the potential to promote the investigation of earth hydrology and be extended to the global scale.
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Short summary
The Penman–Monteith–Leuning Version 2.2 dataset provides remote sensing-based coupled estimates of terrestrial evapotranspiration and gross primary production from 1982 to near present. Calibrated at 208 flux stations and validated against water balances in 152 river basins, this extended record reveals significant increases in global evapotranspiration, vegetation productivity, and water use efficiency, supporting diverse studies in hydrology, ecology, and Earth sciences.
The Penman–Monteith–Leuning Version 2.2 dataset provides remote sensing-based coupled estimates...
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