Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Articles | Volume 18, issue 5
Articles | Volume 18, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3125-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3125-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 5
Data description article
 | 
12 May 2026
Data description article |  | 12 May 2026

GEOXYGEN: a global long-term dissolved oxygen dataset based on biogeochemistry-aware machine learning framework and multi-source observations

Zhenguo Wang, Weiwei Fu, Cunjin Xue, and Guihua Wang

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Short summary
Ocean oxygen is vital for marine life and climate, but long records are uneven. We combine nearly one million ship and autonomous float measurements with careful quality control and machine learning to create GEOXYGEN, a monthly global map of dissolved oxygen from 1960–2024 with high spatial detail and full-depth coverage. It reveals broad long-term oxygen changes and offers a consistent basis for studies of ocean deoxygenation and climate impacts.
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