Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Articles | Volume 18, issue 4
Articles | Volume 18, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-2703-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-2703-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 4
Data description article
 | 
20 Apr 2026
Data description article |  | 20 Apr 2026

A harmonized 2000–2024 dataset of daily river ice concentration and annual phenology for major Arctic rivers

Jiahui Qiu, Kari Luojus, Harri Kaartinen, Yubao Qiu, Jari Silander, Epari Ritesh Patro, Björn Klöve, and Ali Torabi Haghighi

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Short summary
We developed a 24-year record revealing how river ice on the six largest Arctic rivers has changed under a warming climate. Using satellite images from the MODIS Terra and Aqua sensors, we monitored daily ice cover and seasonal freeze-up and breakup timing. On average, over 65 % of river segments show later freeze-up (~ 9 d), earlier breakup (~ 8 d), and shorter ice seasons (~ 14 d), revealing a clear signal of rapid warming across Arctic river systems.
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