We present a modern pollen dataset comprising 555 pollen count records from 307 sites across the Tibetan Plateau (28–40° N and 75–103° E). This open-access dataset has diverse potential applications in paleoecological and paleoclimatic research. It provides a scientific basis for reconstructing temporal changes in climate and vegetation, and enables the assessment of pollen assemblages' reliability in representing the dynamics of vegetation cover, plant diversity, and functional traits.