Articles | Volume 17, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3125-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3125-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
An integrated high-resolution bathymetric model for the Danube Delta system
Lauranne Alaerts
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography (AGO), ULiège, Liège, Belgium
Earth and Life Institute (ELI), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Jonathan Lambrechts
Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering (IMMC), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Ny Riana Randresihaja
Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography (AGO), ULiège, Liège, Belgium
Earth and Life Institute (ELI), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Luc Vandenbulcke
Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography (AGO), ULiège, Liège, Belgium
Olivier Gourgue
Operational Directorate Natural Environment (OD Nature), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Brussels, Belgium
Emmanuel Hanert
Earth and Life Institute (ELI), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering (IMMC), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Marilaure Grégoire
Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography (AGO), ULiège, Liège, Belgium
Related authors
Ny Riana Randresihaja, Olivier Gourgue, Lauranne Alaerts, Xavier Fettweis, Jonathan Lambrechts, Miguel De Le Court, Marilaure Grégoire, and Emmanuel Hanert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-634, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-634, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal areas face rising flood threats as storms intensifies with climate change. With an advanced model of the Scheldt Estuary-North Sea, we studied how detailed atmospheric data must be to predict storm surge peaks in estuaries. We found that high-resolution atmospheric data gives the best results, and coarser data with same resolution as current global climate models give poorer results. We show that investing in localized, high-resolution atmospheric data can significantly improve results.
Jean-François Grailet, Robin J. Hogan, Nicolas Ghilain, David Bolsée, Xavier Fettweis, and Marilaure Grégoire
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1965–1988, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1965-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The MAR (Modèle Régional Atmosphérique) is a regional climate model used for weather forecasting and studying the climate over various regions. This paper presents an update of MAR thanks to which it can precisely decompose solar radiation, in particular in the UV (ultraviolet) and photosynthesis ranges, both being critical to human health and ecosystems. As a first application of this new capability, this paper presents a method for predicting UV indices with MAR.
Ny Riana Randresihaja, Olivier Gourgue, Lauranne Alaerts, Xavier Fettweis, Jonathan Lambrechts, Miguel De Le Court, Marilaure Grégoire, and Emmanuel Hanert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-634, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-634, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal areas face rising flood threats as storms intensifies with climate change. With an advanced model of the Scheldt Estuary-North Sea, we studied how detailed atmospheric data must be to predict storm surge peaks in estuaries. We found that high-resolution atmospheric data gives the best results, and coarser data with same resolution as current global climate models give poorer results. We show that investing in localized, high-resolution atmospheric data can significantly improve results.
Loïc Macé, Luc Vandenbulcke, Jean-Michel Brankart, Pierre Brasseur, and Marilaure Grégoire
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3682, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of light found in seawater influences water temperature and primary production and must be finely modelled in systems that aim at representing marine biogeochemical environments. We analyse results from a radiative transfer model accounting for absorption and scattering of light in the ocean and compare them with in situ and remote-sensed data, along with the associated uncertainties. We also highlight the benefits of using advanced representations of light in modelling frameworks.
Sarah Hautekiet, Jan-Eike Rossius, Olivier Gourgue, Maarten Kleinhans, and Stijn Temmerman
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 601–619, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-601-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-601-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined how vegetation growing in marshes affects the formation of tidal channel networks. Experiments were conducted to imitate marsh development, both with and without vegetation. The results show interdependency between biotic and abiotic factors in channel development. They mainly play a role when the landscape changes from bare to vegetated. Overall, the study suggests that abiotic factors are more important near the sea, while vegetation plays a larger role closer to the land.
Ignace Pelckmans, Jean-Philippe Belliard, Olivier Gourgue, Luis Elvin Dominguez-Granda, and Stijn Temmerman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1463–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1463-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1463-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The combination of extreme sea levels with increased river flow typically can lead to so-called compound floods. Often these are caused by storms (< 1 d), but climatic events such as El Niño could trigger compound floods over a period of months. We show that the combination of increased sea level and river discharge causes extreme water levels to amplify upstream. Mangrove forests, however, can act as a nature-based flood protection by lowering the extreme water levels coming from the sea.
Ignace Pelckmans, Jean-Philippe Belliard, Luis E. Dominguez-Granda, Cornelis Slobbe, Stijn Temmerman, and Olivier Gourgue
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3169–3183, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3169-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3169-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mangroves are increasingly recognized as a coastal protection against extreme sea levels. Their effectiveness in doing so, however, is still poorly understood, as mangroves are typically located in tropical countries where data on mangrove vegetation and topography properties are often scarce. Through a modelling study, we identified the degree of channelization and the mangrove forest floor topography as the key properties for regulating high water levels in a tropical delta.
Joko Sampurno, Valentin Vallaeys, Randy Ardianto, and Emmanuel Hanert
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 29, 301–315, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-29-301-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-29-301-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we successfully built and evaluated machine learning models for predicting water level dynamics as a proxy for compound flooding hazards in a data-scarce delta. The issues that we tackled here are data scarcity and low computational resources for building flood forecasting models. The proposed approach is suitable for use by local water management agencies in developing countries that encounter these issues.
Olivier Gourgue, Jim van Belzen, Christian Schwarz, Wouter Vandenbruwaene, Joris Vanlede, Jean-Philippe Belliard, Sergio Fagherazzi, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Johan van de Koppel, and Stijn Temmerman
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 531–553, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-531-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-531-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There is an increasing demand for tidal-marsh restoration around the world. We have developed a new modeling approach to reduce the uncertainty associated with this development. Its application to a real tidal-marsh restoration project in northwestern Europe illustrates how the rate of landscape development can be steered by restoration design, with important consequences for restored tidal-marsh resilience to increasing sea level rise and decreasing sediment supply.
Joko Sampurno, Valentin Vallaeys, Randy Ardianto, and Emmanuel Hanert
Biogeosciences, 19, 2741–2757, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2741-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2741-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study is the first assessment to evaluate the interactions between river discharges, tides, and storm surges and how they can drive compound flooding in the Kapuas River delta. We successfully created a realistic hydrodynamic model whose domain covers the land–sea continuum using a wetting–drying algorithm in a data-scarce environment. We then proposed a new method to delineate compound flooding hazard zones along the river channels based on the maximum water level profiles.
Estrella Olmedo, Verónica González-Gambau, Antonio Turiel, Cristina González-Haro, Aina García-Espriu, Marilaure Gregoire, Aida Álvera-Azcárate, Luminita Buga, and Marie-Hélène Rio
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-364, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-364, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first dedicated satellite salinity product in the Black Sea. We use the measurements provided by the European Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission. We introduce enhanced algorithms for dealing with the contamination produced by the Radio Frequency Interferences that strongly affect this basin. We also provide a complete quality assessment of the new product and give an estimated accuracy of it.
Florian Ricour, Arthur Capet, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Bruno Delille, and Marilaure Grégoire
Biogeosciences, 18, 755–774, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-755-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-755-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper addresses the phenology of the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) in the Black Sea (BS). We show that the DCM forms in March at a density level set by the winter mixed layer. It maintains this location until June, suggesting an influence of the DCM on light and nutrient profiles rather than mere adaptation to external factors. In summer, the DCM concentrates ~55 % of the chlorophyll in a 10 m layer at ~35 m depth and should be considered a major feature of the BS phytoplankton dynamics.
Arthur Capet, Luc Vandenbulcke, and Marilaure Grégoire
Biogeosciences, 17, 6507–6525, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6507-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6507-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Black Sea is 2000 m deep, but, due to limited ventilation, only about the upper 100 m contains enough oxygen to support marine life such as fish. This oxygenation depth has been shown to be decreasing (1955–2019). Here, we evidence that atmospheric warming induced a clear shift in an important ventilation mechanism. We highlight the impact of this shift on oxygenation. There are important implications for marine life and carbon and nutrient cycling if this new ventilation regime persists.
Kevin Sterckx, Philippe Delandmeter, Jonathan Lambrechts, Eric Deleersnijder, and Wim Thiery
Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2020-36, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2020-36, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This work covers multiple 3D simulations of the hydrodynamics of Lake Tanganyika, covering the inter-seasonal variations and the evolution linked to climate change. The research was done with COSMO-CLM2 data, which was used to run the SLIM 3D Lake Tanganyika model. The main results explain how this stratified lake can still maintain a certain mixing between the different layers, but how this would come to an end due to climate change.
Luc Vandenbulcke and Alexander Barth
Ocean Sci., 15, 291–305, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-291-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-291-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In operational oceanography, regional and local models use large-scale models (such as those run by CMEMS) for their initial and/or boundary conditions, but unfortunately there is no feedback that improves the large-scale models. The present study aims at replacing normal two-way nesting by a data assimilation technique. This
upscalingmethod is tried out in the north-western Mediterranean Sea using the NEMO model and shows that the basin-scale model does indeed benefit from the nested model.
Philippe Delandmeter, Jonathan Lambrechts, Vincent Legat, Valentin Vallaeys, Jaya Naithani, Wim Thiery, Jean-François Remacle, and Eric Deleersnijder
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1161–1179, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1161-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1161-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method is well suited for the modelling of three-dimensional flows exhibiting strong density gradients. Here, a vertical adaptive mesh method is developed for DG finite element methods and implemented into SLIM 3D. This technique increases drastically the accuracy of simulations including strong stratification, without affecting the simulation cost. SLIM 3D is then used to simulate the thermocline oscillations of Lake Tanganyika.
Arthur Capet, Emil V. Stanev, Jean-Marie Beckers, James W. Murray, and Marilaure Grégoire
Biogeosciences, 13, 1287–1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1287-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1287-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We show that the Black Sea oxygen inventory has decreased by 44 % from 1955 to 2015, while oxygen penetration depth decreased from 140 to 90 m. A transient increase of the oxygen inventory during 1985–1995 supported the perception of a stable oxic interface and of a general recovery of the Black Sea after a strong eutrophication phase (1970–1990). Instead, we show that ongoing high oxygen consumption was masked by high ventilation rates, which are now limited by atmospheric warming.
A. Barth, J.-M. Beckers, C. Troupin, A. Alvera-Azcárate, and L. Vandenbulcke
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 225–241, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-225-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-225-2014, 2014
A. Capet, J.-M. Beckers, and M. Grégoire
Biogeosciences, 10, 3943–3962, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3943-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3943-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Domain: ESSD – Land | Subject: Hydrology
Benchmark dataset for hydraulic simulations of flash floods in the French Mediterranean region
Transformation rate maps of dissolved organic carbon in the contiguous US
A 1985–2023 time series dataset of absolute reservoir storage in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA-Res)
Machine-learning-based reconstruction of long-term global terrestrial water storage anomalies from observed, satellite and land-surface model data
Mapping the world's inland surface waters: an upgrade to the Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD v2)
One year of high-frequency monitoring of groundwater physico-chemical parameters in the Weierbach experimental catchment, Luxembourg
Discrete global grid system-based flow routing datasets in the Amazon and Yukon basins
GRILSS: opening the gateway to global reservoir sedimentation data curation
A worldwide event-based debris flow barrier dam dataset from 1800 to 2023
CAMELS-DK: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 3330 Danish catchments with streamflow observations from 304 gauged stations
An in situ daily dataset for benchmarking temporal variability of groundwater recharge
CAMELS-FR dataset: a large-sample hydroclimatic dataset for France to explore hydrological diversity and support model benchmarking
Features of Italian large dams and their upstream catchments
Gridded rainfall erosivity (2014–2022) in mainland China using 1 min precipitation data from densely distributed weather stations
OLIGOTREND, towards a global database of multi-decadal chlorophyll-a and water quality timeseries for rivers, lakes and estuaries
High-resolution hydrometeorological and snow data for the Dischma catchment in Switzerland
A 3-hour, 1-km surface soil moisture dataset for the contiguous United States from 2015 to 2023
CAMELS-IND: hydrometeorological time series and catchment attributes for 228 catchments in Peninsular India
LakeBeD-US: a benchmark dataset for lake water quality time series and vertical profiles
HERA: a high-resolution pan-European hydrological reanalysis (1951–2020)
BCUB – a large-sample ungauged basin attribute dataset for British Columbia, Canada
Comprehensive inventory of large hydropower systems in the Italian Alpine Region
Northern Hemisphere in situ snow water equivalent dataset (NorSWE, 1979–2021)
ESA CCI Soil Moisture GAPFILLED: An independent global gap-free satellite climate data record with uncertainty estimates
Lena River biogeochemistry captured by a 4.5-year high-frequency sampling program
CAMELS-DE: hydro-meteorological time series and attributes for 1582 catchments in Germany
Observational partitioning of water and CO2 fluxes at National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites: a 5-year dataset of soil and plant components for spatial and temporal analysis
A benchmark dataset for global evapotranspiration estimation based on FLUXNET2015 from 2000 to 2022
GRDC-Caravan: extending Caravan with data from the Global Runoff Data Centre
CIrrMap250: annual maps of China's irrigated cropland from 2000 to 2020 developed through multisource data integration
HANZE v2.1: an improved database of flood impacts in Europe from 1870 to 2020
A Copernicus-based evapotranspiration dataset at 100 m spatial resolution over four Mediterranean basins
Gridded dataset of nitrogen and phosphorus point sources from wastewater in Germany (1950–2019)
A globally sampled high-resolution hand-labeled validation dataset for evaluating surface water extent maps
Satellite-based near-real-time global daily terrestrial evapotranspiration estimates
Multivariate characterisation of a blackberry–alder agroforestry system in South Africa: hydrological, pedological, dendrological and meteorological measurements
CAMELS-AUS v2: updated hydrometeorological timeseries and landscape attributes for an enlarged set of catchments in Australia
SHIFT: a spatial-heterogeneity improvement in DEM-based mapping of global geomorphic floodplains
First comprehensive stable isotope dataset of diverse water units in a permafrost-dominated catchment on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
LamaH-Ice: LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Iceland
High-resolution mapping of monthly industrial water withdrawal in China from 1965 to 2020
Evapotranspiration evaluation using three different protocols on a large green roof in the greater Paris area
Simbi: historical hydro-meteorological time series and signatures for 24 catchments in Haiti
CAMELE: Collocation-Analyzed Multi-source Ensembled Land Evapotranspiration Data
A hydrogeomorphic dataset for characterizing catchment hydrological behavior across the Tibetan Plateau
A synthesis of Global Streamflow Characteristics, Hydrometeorology, and Catchment Attributes (GSHA) for large sample river-centric studies
FOCA: a new quality-controlled database of floods and catchment descriptors in Italy
Dams in the Mekong: a comprehensive database, spatiotemporal distribution, and hydropower potentials
A global dataset of the shape of drainage systems
An extensive spatiotemporal water quality dataset covering four decades (1980–2022) in China
Juliette Godet, Pierre Nicolle, Nabil Hocini, Eric Gaume, Philippe Davy, Frederic Pons, Pierre Javelle, Pierre-André Garambois, Dimitri Lague, and Olivier Payrastre
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2963–2983, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2963-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2963-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a dataset that includes input, output, and validation data for the simulation of flash flood hazards and three specific flash flood events in the French Mediterranean region. This dataset is particularly valuable as flood mapping methods often lack sufficient benchmark data. Additionally, we demonstrate how the hydraulic method we used, named Floodos, produces highly satisfactory results.
Lingbo Li, Hong-Yi Li, Guta Abeshu, Jinyun Tang, L. Ruby Leung, Chang Liao, Zeli Tan, Hanqin Tian, Peter Thornton, and Xiaojuan Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2713–2733, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2713-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2713-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed new maps that reveal how organic carbon from soil leaches into headwater streams over the contiguous United States. We use advanced artificial intelligence techniques and a massive amount of data, including observations at over 2500 gauges and a wealth of climate and environmental information. The maps are a critical step in understanding and predicting how carbon moves through our environment, hence making them a useful tool for tackling climate challenges.
Shanti Shwarup Mahto, Simone Fatichi, and Stefano Galelli
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2693–2712, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2693-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2693-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The MSEA-Res database offers an open-access dataset tracking absolute water storage for 186 large reservoirs across Mainland Southeast Asia from 1985 to 2023. It provides valuable insights into how reservoir storage grew by 130 % between 2008 and 2017, driven by dams in key river basins. Our data also reveal how droughts, like the 2019–2020 event, significantly impacted water reservoirs. This resource can aid water management, drought planning, and research globally.
Nehar Mandal, Prabal Das, and Kironmala Chanda
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2575–2604, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2575-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2575-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Optimal features among hydroclimatic variables and land surface model (LSM) outputs are selected using a novel Bayesian network (BN) approach for simulating terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSAs). TWSAs are reconstructed (BNML_TWSA) with grid-specific leader models (among four machine learning models) from January 1960 to December 2022 to generate a continuous global gridded dataset. The uncertainty in the reconstructed BNML_TWSA product is also assessed in terms of standard error.
Bernhard Lehner, Mira Anand, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Florence Tan, Filipe Aires, George H. Allen, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G. Canadell, Nick Davidson, Meng Ding, C. Max Finlayson, Thomas Gumbricht, Lammert Hilarides, Gustaf Hugelius, Robert B. Jackson, Maartje C. Korver, Liangyun Liu, Peter B. McIntyre, Szabolcs Nagy, David Olefeldt, Tamlin M. Pavelsky, Jean-Francois Pekel, Benjamin Poulter, Catherine Prigent, Jida Wang, Thomas A. Worthington, Dai Yamazaki, Xiao Zhang, and Michele Thieme
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2277–2329, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2277-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2277-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD) version 2 distinguishes a total of 33 non-overlapping wetland classes, providing a static map of the world’s inland surface waters. It contains cell fractions of wetland extents per class at a grid cell resolution of ~500 m. The total combined extent of all classes including all inland and coastal waterbodies and wetlands of all inundation frequencies – that is, the maximum extent – covers 18.2 × 106 km2, equivalent to 13.4 % of total global land area.
Karl Nicolaus van Zweel, Laurent Gourdol, Jean François Iffly, Loïc Léonard, François Barnich, Laurent Pfister, Erwin Zehe, and Christophe Hissler
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2217–2229, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2217-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2217-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study monitored groundwater in a Luxembourg forest over a year to understand water and chemical changes. We found seasonal variations in water chemistry, influenced by rainfall and soil interactions. These data help predict environmental responses and manage water resources better. By measuring key parameters like pH and dissolved oxygen, our research provides valuable insights into groundwater behaviour and serves as a resource for future environmental studies.
Chang Liao, Darren Engwirda, Matthew G. Cooper, Mingke Li, and Yilin Fang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2035–2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2035-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2035-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Discrete global grid systems, or DGGS, are digital frameworks that help us organize information about our planet. Although scientists have used DGGS in areas like weather and nature, using them in the water cycle has been challenging because some core datasets are missing. We created a way to generate these datasets. We then developed the datasets in the Amazon and Yukon basins, which play important roles in our planet's climate. These datasets may help us improve our water cycle models.
Sanchit Minocha and Faisal Hossain
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1743–1759, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1743-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1743-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Trustworthy and independently verifiable information on declining storage capacity or sedimentation rates worldwide is sparse and suffers from inconsistent metadata and curation to allow global-scale archiving and analyses. The Global Reservoir Inventory of Lost Storage by Sedimentation (GRILSS) dataset addresses this challenge by providing organized, well-curated, and open-source data on sedimentation rates and capacity loss for 1013 reservoirs in 75 major river basins across 54 countries.
Haiguang Cheng, Kaiheng Hu, Shuang Liu, Xiaopeng Zhang, Hao Li, Qiyuan Zhang, Lan Ning, Manish Raj Gouli, Pu Li, Anna Yang, Peng Zhao, Junyu Liu, and Li Wei
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1573–1593, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1573-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1573-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
After reviewing 2519 literature and media reports, we compiled the first comprehensive global dataset of 555 debris flow barrier dams (DFBDs) from 1800 to 2023. Our dataset meticulously documents 38 attributes of DFBDs, and we have utilized Google Earth for validation. Additionally, we discussed the applicability of landslide dam stability and peak-discharge models to DFBDs. This dataset offers a rich foundation of data for future studies on DFBDs.
Jun Liu, Julian Koch, Simon Stisen, Lars Troldborg, Anker Lajer Højberg, Hans Thodsen, Mark F. T. Hansen, and Raphael J. M. Schneider
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1551–1572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1551-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1551-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a CAMELS-style dataset in Denmark, which contains hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 3330 catchments (304 gauged). Many catchments in CAMELS-DK are small and at low elevations. The dataset provides information on groundwater characteristics and dynamics, as well as quantities related to the human impact on the hydrological system in Denmark. The dataset is especially relevant for developing data-driven and hybrid physically informed modeling frameworks.
Pragnaditya Malakar, Aatish Anshuman, Mukesh Kumar, Georgios Boumis, T. Prabhakar Clement, Arik Tashie, Hitesh Thakur, Nagaraj Bhat, and Lokendra Rathore
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1515–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1515-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1515-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater dynamics depend on groundwater recharge, but daily benchmark data of recharge are scarce. Here we present a daily groundwater recharge per unit specified yield (RpSy) data at 485 US groundwater monitoring wells. RpSy can be used to validate the temporal consistency of recharge products from land surface and hydrologic models and facilitate assessment of recharge-driver functional relationships in them.
Olivier Delaigue, Guilherme Mendoza Guimarães, Pierre Brigode, Benoît Génot, Charles Perrin, Jean-Michel Soubeyroux, Bruno Janet, Nans Addor, and Vazken Andréassian
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1461–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1461-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1461-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This dataset covers 654 rivers all flowing in France. The provided time series and catchment attributes will be of interest to those modelers wishing to analyze hydrological behavior and perform model assessments.
Giulia Evangelista, Paola Mazzoglio, Daniele Ganora, Francesca Pianigiani, and Pierluigi Claps
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1407–1426, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1407-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first comprehensive dataset of 528 large dams in Italy. It contains structural characteristics of the dams, such as coordinates, reservoir surface areas and volumes, together with a range of geomorphological, climatological, extreme rainfall, land cover and soil-related attributes of their upstream catchments.
Yueli Chen, Yun Xie, Xingwu Duan, and Minghu Ding
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1265–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1265-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1265-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall erosivity maps are crucial for identifying key areas of water erosion. Due to the limited historical precipitation data, there are certain biases in rainfall erosivity estimates in China. This study develops a new rainfall erosivity map for mainland China using 1 min precipitation data from 60 129 weather stations, revealing that areas exceeding 4000 MJ mm ha−1 h−1yr−1 of annual rainfall erosivity are mainly concentrated in southern China and on the southern Tibetan Plateau.
Camille Minaudo, Andras Abonyi, Carles Alcaraz, Jacob Diamond, Nicholas J. K. Howden, Michael Rode, Estela Romero, Vincent Thieu, Fred Worrall, Qian Zhang, and Xavier Benito
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-58, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-58, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Many waterbodies undergo nutrient decline globally, called oligotrophication, but a comprehensive dataset to understand ecosystem responses is lacking. The OLIGOTREND database comprises multi-decadal chlorophyll-a and nutrient timeseries from rivers, lakes, and estuaries with 4.3 million observations from 1,894 unique measurement locations. The database provides empirical evidence for oligotrophication responses with a spatial and temporal coverage exceeding previous efforts.
Jan Magnusson, Yves Bühler, Louis Quéno, Bertrand Cluzet, Giulia Mazzotti, Clare Webster, Rebecca Mott, and Tobias Jonas
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 703–717, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-703-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-703-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present a dataset for the Dischma catchment in eastern Switzerland, which represents a typical high-alpine watershed in the European Alps. Accurate monitoring and reliable forecasting of snow and water resources in such basins are crucial for a wide range of applications. Our dataset is valuable for improving physics-based snow, land surface, and hydrological models, with potential applications in similar high-alpine catchments.
Haoxuan Yang, Jia Yang, Tyson E. Ochsner, Erik S. Krueger, Mengyuan Xu, and Chris B. Zou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-55, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-55, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a 3-hour, 1-km surface soil moisture dataset for the contiguous United States from 2015 to 2023 using the spatio-temporal fusion method. This dataset effectively combines the distinct advantages of two long-term SSM datasets, which is also the first hour-level 1-km soil moisture dataset at the continental US scale. The new dataset could provide new insight into the fast changes in soil moisture along with drought and wet spell occurrences.
Nikunj K. Mangukiya, Kanneganti Bhargav Kumar, Pankaj Dey, Shailza Sharma, Vijaykumar Bejagam, Pradeep P. Mujumdar, and Ashutosh Sharma
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 461–491, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-461-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-461-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce CAMELS-IND (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies – India), which provides daily hydrometeorological time series and static catchment attributes representing the location, topography, climate, hydrological signatures, land use, land cover, soil, geology, and anthropogenic influences for 472 catchments in Peninsular India to foster large-sample hydrological studies in India and promote the inclusion of Indian catchments in global hydrological research.
Bennett J. McAfee, Aanish Pradhan, Abhilash Neog, Sepideh Fatemi, Robert T. Hensley, Mary E. Lofton, Anuj Karpatne, Cayelan C. Carey, and Paul C. Hanson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-27, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-27, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
LakeBeD-US is a dataset of lake water quality data collected by multiple long-term monitoring programs around the United States. This dataset is designed to foster collaboration between lake scientists and computer scientists to improve predictions of water quality. By offering a way for computer models to be tested against real-world lake data, LakeBeD-US offers opportunities for both sciences to grow and to give new insights into the causes of water quality changes.
Aloïs Tilloy, Dominik Paprotny, Stefania Grimaldi, Goncalo Gomes, Alessandra Bianchi, Stefan Lange, Hylke Beck, Cinzia Mazzetti, and Luc Feyen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 293–316, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-293-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-293-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents a reanalysis of Europe's river streamflow for the period 1951–2020. Streamflow is estimated through a state-of-the-art hydrological simulation framework benefitting from detailed information about the landscape, climate, and human activities. The resulting Hydrological European ReAnalysis (HERA) can be a valuable tool for studying hydrological dynamics, including the impacts of climate change and human activities on European water resources and flood and drought risks.
Daniel Kovacek and Steven Weijs
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 259–275, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-259-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-259-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We made a dataset for British Columbia describing the terrain, soil, land cover, and climate of over 1 million watersheds. The attributes are often used in hydrology because they are related to the water cycle. The data are meant to be used for water resources problems that can benefit from lots of watersheds and their attributes. The data and instructions needed to build the dataset from scratch are freely available. The permanent home for the data is https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/JNKZVT.
Andrea Galletti, Soroush Zarghami Dastjerdi, and Bruno Majone
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-521, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-521, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We propose IAR-HP, a detailed inventory of large hydropower systems in Italy's Alpine Region, aimed at improving hydrological modeling for climate impact studies by providing the most relevant information with a consistent level of detail. It includes structural, geographical, and operational data for over 300 hydropower plants and their related reservoirs and water intakes. Validated through modeling, IAR-HP accurately reproduces observed hydropower, capturing 96.2 % of actual production.
Colleen Mortimer and Vincent Vionnet
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-602, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-602, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
In situ observations of snow water equivalent (SWE) are critical for climate applications and resource management. NorSWE is a dataset of in situ SWE observations covering North America, Finland and Russia over the period 1979–2021. It includes >11 million observations from >10 thousand different locations compiled from nine different sources. Snow depth and derived bulk snow density are included when available.
Wolfgang Preimesberger, Pietro Stradiotti, and Wouter Dorigo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-610, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-610, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce the official ESA CCI Soil Moisture GAPFILLED climate data record. A univariate interpolation algorithm is applied to predict missing data points without relying on ancillary variables. The dataset includes gap-free uncertainty estimates for all predictions and was validated with independent in situ reference measurements. The data are recommended for applications, which require global long-term gap-free satellite soil moisture data.
Bennet Juhls, Anne Morgenstern, Jens Hölemann, Antje Eulenburg, Birgit Heim, Frederieke Miesner, Hendrik Grotheer, Gesine Mollenhauer, Hanno Meyer, Ephraim Erkens, Felica Yara Gehde, Sofia Antonova, Sergey Chalov, Maria Tereshina, Oxana Erina, Evgeniya Fingert, Ekaterina Abramova, Tina Sanders, Liudmila Lebedeva, Nikolai Torgovkin, Georgii Maksimov, Vasily Povazhnyi, Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo, Urban Wünsch, Antonina Chetverova, Sophie Opfergelt, and Pier Paul Overduin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Siberian Arctic is warming fast: permafrost is thawing, river chemistry is changing, and coastal ecosystems are affected. We aimed to understand changes in the Lena River, a major Arctic river flowing to the Arctic Ocean, by collecting 4.5 years of detailed water data, including temperature and carbon and nutrient contents. This dataset records current conditions and helps us to detect future changes. Explore it at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.913197 and https://lena-monitoring.awi.de/.
Ralf Loritz, Alexander Dolich, Eduardo Acuña Espinoza, Pia Ebeling, Björn Guse, Jonas Götte, Sibylle K. Hassler, Corina Hauffe, Ingo Heidbüchel, Jens Kiesel, Mirko Mälicke, Hannes Müller-Thomy, Michael Stölzle, and Larisa Tarasova
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5625–5642, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5625-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5625-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The CAMELS-DE dataset features data from 1582 streamflow gauges across Germany, with records spanning from 1951 to 2020. This comprehensive dataset, which includes time series of up to 70 years (median 46 years), enables advanced research on water flow and environmental trends and supports the development of hydrological models.
Einara Zahn and Elie Bou-Zeid
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5603–5624, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5603-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5603-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying water and CO2 exchanges through transpiration, evaporation, net photosynthesis, and soil respiration is essential for understanding how ecosystems function. We implemented five methods to estimate these fluxes over a 5-year period across 47 sites. This is the first dataset representing such large spatial and temporal coverage of soil and plant exchanges, and it has many potential applications, such as examining the response of ecosystems to weather extremes and climate change.
Wangyipu Li, Zhaoyuan Yao, Yifan Qu, Hanbo Yang, Yang Song, Lisheng Song, Lifeng Wu, and Yaokui Cui
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-460, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-460, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Due to shortcomings such as extensive data gaps and limited observation durations in current ground-based latent heat flux (LE) datasets, we developed a novel gap-filling and prolongation framework for ground-based LE observations, establishing a benchmark dataset for global evapotranspiration (ET) estimation from 2000 to 2022 across 64 sites at various time scales. This comprehensive dataset can strongly support ET modelling, water-carbon cycle monitoring, and long-term climate change analysis.
Claudia Färber, Henning Plessow, Simon Mischel, Frederik Kratzert, Nans Addor, Guy Shalev, and Ulrich Looser
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-427, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-427, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Large-sample datasets are essential in hydrological science to support modelling studies and advance process understanding. Caravan is a community initiative to create a large-sample hydrology dataset of meteorological forcing data, catchment attributes, and discharge data for catchments around the world. This dataset is a subset of hydrological discharge data and station-based watersheds from the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC), which are covered by an open data policy.
Ling Zhang, Yanhua Xie, Xiufang Zhu, Qimin Ma, and Luca Brocca
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5207–5226, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5207-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5207-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presented new annual maps of irrigated cropland in China from 2000 to 2020 (CIrrMap250). These maps were developed by integrating remote sensing data, irrigation statistics and surveys, and an irrigation suitability map. CIrrMap250 achieved high accuracy and outperformed currently available products. The new irrigation maps revealed a clear expansion of China’s irrigation area, with the majority (61%) occurring in the water-unsustainable regions facing severe to extreme water stress.
Dominik Paprotny, Paweł Terefenko, and Jakub Śledziowski
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5145–5170, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5145-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5145-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge about past natural disasters can help adaptation to their future occurrences. Here, we present a dataset of 2521 riverine, pluvial, coastal, and compound floods that have occurred in 42 European countries between 1870 and 2020. The dataset contains available information on the inundated area, fatalities, persons affected, or economic loss and was obtained by extensive data collection from more than 800 sources ranging from news reports through government databases to scientific papers.
Paulina Bartkowiak, Bartolomeo Ventura, Alexander Jacob, and Mariapina Castelli
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4709–4734, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4709-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4709-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the Two-Source Energy Balance evapotranspiration (ET) product driven by Copernicus Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 imagery together with ERA5 climate reanalysis data. Daily ET maps are available at 100 m spatial resolution for the period 2017–2021 across four Mediterranean basins: Ebro (Spain), Hérault (France), Medjerda (Tunisia), and Po (Italy). The product is highly beneficial for supporting vegetation monitoring and sustainable water management at the river basin scale.
Fanny J. Sarrazin, Sabine Attinger, and Rohini Kumar
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4673–4708, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contamination of water bodies is a long-term issue due to the long history of N and P inputs to the environment and their persistence. Here, we introduce a long-term and high-resolution dataset of N and P inputs from wastewater (point sources) for Germany, combining data from different sources and conceptual understanding. We also account for uncertainties in modelling choices, thus facilitating robust long-term and large-scale water quality studies.
Rohit Mukherjee, Frederick Policelli, Ruixue Wang, Elise Arellano-Thompson, Beth Tellman, Prashanti Sharma, Zhijie Zhang, and Jonathan Giezendanner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4311–4323, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4311-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4311-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global water resource monitoring is crucial due to climate change and population growth. This study presents a hand-labeled dataset of 100 PlanetScope images for surface water detection, spanning diverse biomes. We use this dataset to evaluate two state-of-the-art mapping methods. Results highlight performance variations across biomes, emphasizing the need for diverse, independent validation datasets to enhance the accuracy and reliability of satellite-based surface water monitoring techniques.
Lei Huang, Yong Luo, Jing M. Chen, Qiuhong Tang, Tammo Steenhuis, Wei Cheng, and Wen Shi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3993–4019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3993-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3993-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Timely global terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) data are crucial for water resource management and drought forecasting. This study introduces the VISEA algorithm, which integrates satellite data and shortwave radiation to provide daily 0.05° gridded near-real-time ET estimates. By employing a vegetation index–temperature method, this algorithm can estimate ET without requiring additional data. Evaluation results demonstrate VISEA's comparable accuracy with accelerated data availability.
Sibylle Kathrin Hassler, Rafael Bohn Reckziegel, Ben du Toit, Svenja Hoffmeister, Florian Kestel, Anton Kunneke, Rebekka Maier, and Jonathan Paul Sheppard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3935–3948, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3935-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3935-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Agroforestry systems (AFSs) combine trees and crops within the same land unit, providing a sustainable land use option which protects natural resources and biodiversity. Introducing trees into agricultural systems can positively affect water resources, soil characteristics, biomass and microclimate. We studied an AFS in South Africa in a multidisciplinary approach to assess the different influences and present the resulting dataset consisting of water, soil, tree and meteorological variables.
Keirnan J. A. Fowler, Ziqi Zhang, and Xue Hou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-263, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-263, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents Version 2 of the Australian edition of the Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-sample Studies (CAMELS) series of datasets. CAMELS-AUS v2 comprises data for an increased number (561) of catchments, each with with long-term monitoring, combining hydrometeorological time series with attributes related to geology, soil, topography, land cover, anthropogenic influence and hydroclimatology. It is freely downloadable from https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12575680.
Kaihao Zheng, Peirong Lin, and Ziyun Yin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3873–3891, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3873-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3873-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a globally applicable thresholding scheme for DEM-based floodplain delineation to improve the representation of spatial heterogeneity. It involves a stepwise approach to estimate the basin-level floodplain hydraulic geometry parameters that best respect the scaling law while approximating the global hydrodynamic flood maps. A ~90 m resolution global floodplain map, the Spatial Heterogeneity Improved Floodplain by Terrain analysis (SHIFT), is delineated with demonstrated superiority.
Yuzhong Yang, Qingbai Wu, Xiaoyan Guo, Lu Zhou, Helin Yao, Dandan Zhang, Zhongqiong Zhang, Ji Chen, and Guojun Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3755–3770, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3755-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3755-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the temporal data of stable isotopes in different waterbodies in the Beiluhe Basin in the hinterland of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) produced between 2017 and 2022. In this article, the first detailed stable isotope data of 359 ground ice samples are presented. This first data set provides a new basis for understanding the hydrological effects of permafrost degradation on the QTP.
Hordur Bragi Helgason and Bart Nijssen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2741–2771, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2741-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2741-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
LamaH-Ice is a large-sample hydrology (LSH) dataset for Iceland. The dataset includes daily and hourly hydro-meteorological time series, including observed streamflow and basin characteristics, for 107 basins. LamaH-Ice offers most variables that are included in existing LSH datasets and additional information relevant to cold-region hydrology such as annual time series of glacier extent and mass balance. A large majority of the basins in LamaH-Ice are unaffected by human activities.
Chengcheng Hou, Yan Li, Shan Sang, Xu Zhao, Yanxu Liu, Yinglu Liu, and Fang Zhao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2449–2464, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To fill the gap in the gridded industrial water withdrawal (IWW) data in China, we developed the China Industrial Water Withdrawal (CIWW) dataset, which provides monthly IWWs from 1965 to 2020 at a spatial resolution of 0.1°/0.25° and auxiliary data including subsectoral IWW and industrial output value in 2008. This dataset can help understand the human water use dynamics and support studies in hydrology, geography, sustainability sciences, and water resource management and allocation in China.
Pierre-Antoine Versini, Leydy Alejandra Castellanos-Diaz, David Ramier, and Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2351–2366, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2351-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2351-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nature-based solutions (NBSs), such as green roofs, have appeared as relevant solutions to mitigate urban heat islands. The evapotranspiration (ET) process allows NBSs to cool the air. To improve our knowledge about ET assessment, this paper presents some experimental measurement campaigns carried out during three consecutive summers. Data are available for three different (large, small, and point-based) spatial scales.
Ralph Bathelemy, Pierre Brigode, Vazken Andréassian, Charles Perrin, Vincent Moron, Cédric Gaucherel, Emmanuel Tric, and Dominique Boisson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2073–2098, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2073-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2073-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this work is to provide the first hydroclimatic database for Haiti, a Caribbean country particularly vulnerable to meteorological and hydrological hazards. The resulting database, named Simbi, provides hydroclimatic time series for around 150 stations and 24 catchment areas.
Changming Li, Ziwei Liu, Wencong Yang, Zhuoyi Tu, Juntai Han, Sien Li, and Hanbo Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1811–1846, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1811-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using a collocation-based approach, we developed a reliable global land evapotranspiration product (CAMELE) by merging multi-source datasets. The CAMELE product outperformed individual input datasets and showed satisfactory performance compared to reference data. It also demonstrated superiority for different plant functional types. Our study provides a promising solution for data fusion. The CAMELE dataset allows for detailed research and a better understanding of land–atmosphere interactions.
Yuhan Guo, Hongxing Zheng, Yuting Yang, Yanfang Sang, and Congcong Wen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1651–1665, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have provided an inaugural version of the hydrogeomorphic dataset for catchments over the Tibetan Plateau. We first provide the width-function-based instantaneous unit hydrograph (WFIUH) for each HydroBASINS catchment, which can be used to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of hydrological behavior across the Tibetan Plateau. It is expected to facilitate hydrological modeling across the Tibetan Plateau.
Ziyun Yin, Peirong Lin, Ryan Riggs, George H. Allen, Xiangyong Lei, Ziyan Zheng, and Siyu Cai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1559–1587, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Large-sample hydrology (LSH) datasets have been the backbone of hydrological model parameter estimation and data-driven machine learning models for hydrological processes. This study complements existing LSH studies by creating a dataset with improved sample coverage, uncertainty estimates, and dynamic descriptions of human activities, which are all crucial to hydrological understanding and modeling.
Pierluigi Claps, Giulia Evangelista, Daniele Ganora, Paola Mazzoglio, and Irene Monforte
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1503–1522, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1503-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1503-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
FOCA (Italian FlOod and Catchment Atlas) is the first systematic collection of data on Italian river catchments. It comprises geomorphological, soil, land cover, NDVI, climatological and extreme rainfall catchment attributes. FOCA also contains 631 peak and daily discharge time series covering the 1911–2016 period. Using this first nationwide data collection, a wide range of applications, in particular flood studies, can be undertaken within the Italian territory.
Wei Jing Ang, Edward Park, Yadu Pokhrel, Dung Duc Tran, and Ho Huu Loc
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1209–1228, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1209-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1209-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dams have burgeoned in the Mekong, but information on dams is scattered and inconsistent. Up-to-date evaluation of dams is unavailable, and basin-wide hydropower potential has yet to be systematically assessed. We present a comprehensive database of 1055 dams, a spatiotemporal analysis of the dams, and a total hydropower potential of 1 334 683 MW. Considering projected dam development and hydropower potential, the vulnerability and the need for better dam management may be highest in Laos.
Chuanqi He, Ci-Jian Yang, Jens M. Turowski, Richard F. Ott, Jean Braun, Hui Tang, Shadi Ghantous, Xiaoping Yuan, and Gaia Stucky de Quay
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1151–1166, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1151-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1151-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The shape of drainage basins and rivers holds significant implications for landscape evolution processes and dynamics. We used a global 90 m resolution topography to obtain ~0.7 million drainage basins with sizes over 50 km2. Our dataset contains the spatial distribution of drainage systems and their morphological parameters, supporting fields such as geomorphology, climatology, biology, ecology, hydrology, and natural hazards.
Jingyu Lin, Peng Wang, Jinzhu Wang, Youping Zhou, Xudong Zhou, Pan Yang, Hao Zhang, Yanpeng Cai, and Zhifeng Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1137–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1137-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper provides a repository comprising over 330 000 observations encompassing daily, weekly, and monthly records of surface water quality spanning the period 1980–2022. It included 18 distinct indicators, meticulously gathered at 2384 monitoring sites, ranging from inland locations to coastal and oceanic areas. This dataset will be very useful for researchers and decision-makers in the fields of hydrology, ecological studies, climate change, policy development, and oceanography.
Cited articles
Alaerts, L., Lambrechts, J., Randresihaja, N. R., Vandenbulcke, L., Gourgue, O., Hanert, E., and Grégoire, M.: Comprehensive Bathymetry of the Danube Delta Three Branches, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14055741, 2024. a, b
Anastasiu, M. C.: Evoluţia Sistemelor de Altitudini Utilizate În România Şi Europa, PhD thesis, Universitatea Tehnică de Construcţii Bucureşti, Facultatea de Geodezie. With the Ministerul Educaţiei, Certcetării, Tineretului şi Sportului, https://pdfcoffee.com/disertatie-anastasiupdf-pdf-free.html (last access: 21 September 2022), 2014. a, b
Bakhtyar, R., Maitaria, K., Velissariou, P., Trimble, B., Mashriqui, H., Moghimi, S., Abdolali, A., Van der Westhuysen, A. J., Ma, Z., Clark, E. P., and Flowers, T.: A New 1D/2D Coupled Modeling Approach for a Riverine-Estuarine System Under Storm Events: Application to Delaware River Basin, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2019JC015822, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015822, 2020. a
Bănăduc, D., Rey, S., Trichkova, T., Lenhardt, M., and Curtean-Bănăduc, A.: The Lower Danube River–Danube Delta–North West Black Sea: A Pivotal Area of Major Interest for the Past, Present and Future of Its Fish Fauna – A Short Review, Sci. Total Environ., 545–546, 137–151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.058, 2016. a
Bănăduc, D., Afanasyev, S., Akeroyd, J. R., Năstase, A., Năvodaru, I., Tofan, L., and Curtean-Bănăduc, A.: The Danube Delta: The Achilles Heel of Danube River–Danube Delta–Black Sea Region Fish Diversity under a Black Sea Impact Scenario Due to Sea Level Rise – A Prospective Review, Fishes, 8, 355, https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8070355, 2023. a, b, c
Beckers, J. M., Gregoire, M., Nihoul, J. C. J., Stanev, E., Staneva, J., and Lancelot, C.: Modelling the Danube-influenced North-western Continental Shelf of the Black Sea. I: Hydrodynamical Processes Simulated by 3-D and Box Models, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 54, 453–472, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0658, 2002. a
Bomers, A., Schielen, R. M. J., and Hulscher, S. J. M. H.: The Influence of Grid Shape and Grid Size on Hydraulic River Modelling Performance, Environ. Fluid Mech., 19, 1273–1294, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-019-09670-4, 2019. a, b
Bonamano, S., Federico, I., Causio, S., Piermattei, V., Piazzolla, D., Scanu, S., Madonia, A., Madonia, N., De Cillis, G., Jansen, E., Fersini, G., Coppini, G., and Marcelli, M.: River–Coastal–Ocean Continuum Modeling along the Lazio Coast (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): Assessment of near River Dynamics in the Tiber Delta, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 297, 108618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108618, 2024. a
Breitburg, D., Levin, L. A., Oschlies, A., Grégoire, M., Chavez, F. P., Conley, D. J., Garçon, V., Gilbert, D., Gutiérrez, D., Isensee, K., Jacinto, G. S., Limburg, K. E., Montes, I., Naqvi, S. W. A., Pitcher, G. C., Rabalais, N. N., Roman, M. R., Rose, K. A., Seibel, B. A., Telszewski, M., Yasuhara, M., and Zhang, J.: Declining Oxygen in the Global Ocean and Coastal Waters, Science, 359, eaam7240, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam7240, 2018. a
Bridge, J. S.: Rivers and Floodplains: Forms, Processes, and Sedimentary Record, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-0-632-06489-2, 2003. a
Bunya, S., Dietrich, J. C., Westerink, J. J., Ebersole, B. A., Smith, J. M., Atkinson, J. H., Jensen, R., Resio, D. T., Luettich, R. A., Dawson, C., Cardone, V. J., Cox, A. T., Powell, M. D., Westerink, H. J., and Roberts, H. J.: A High-Resolution Coupled Riverine Flow, Tide, Wind, Wind Wave, and Storm Surge Model for Southern Louisiana and Mississippi. Part I: Model Development and Validation, Mon. Weather Rev., 138, 345–377, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009MWR2906.1, 2010. a
Caviedes-Voullième, D., Morales-Hernández, M., López-Marijuan, I., and García-Navarro, P.: Reconstruction of 2D River Beds by Appropriate Interpolation of 1D Cross-Sectional Information for Flood Simulation, Environ. Model. Softw., 61, 206–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.07.016, 2014. a
Cristofor, S., Vadineanu, A., and Ignat, G.: Importance of Flood Zones for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Dynamics in the Danube Delta, Hydrobiologia, 251, 143–148, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00007174, 1993. a
Dey, S., Saksena, S., Winter, D., Merwade, V., and McMillan, S.: Incorporating Network Scale River Bathymetry to Improve Characterization of Fluvial Processes in Flood Modeling, Water Resour. Res., 58, e2020WR029521, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029521, 2022. a, b
Diaconu, D. C., Bretcan, P., Peptenatu, D., Tanislav, D., and Mailat, E.: The Importance of the Number of Points, Transect Location and Interpolation Techniques in the Analysis of Bathymetric Measurements, J. Hydrol., 570, 774–785, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.070, 2019. a, b, c
Dragićević, S.: The Potential of Web-based GIS, J. Geogr. Syst., 6, 79–81, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-004-0133-4, 2004. a
Dresback, K., Szpilka, C., Kolar, R., Moghimi, S., and Myers, E.: Development and Validation of Accumulation Term (Distributed and/or Point Source) in a Finite Element Hydrodynamic Model, J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 11, 248, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020248, 2023. a
Duţu, F., Panin, N., Ion, G., and Tiron Duţu, L.: Multibeam Bathymetric Investigations of the Morphology and Associated Bedforms, Sulina Channel, Danube Delta, Geosciences, 8, 7, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8010007, 2018. a, b
Dysarz, T.: Development of RiverBox – An ArcGIS Toolbox for River Bathymetry Reconstruction, Water, 10, 1266, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091266, 2018. a
Esri: Ocean Basemap, https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=67ab7f7c535c4687b6518e6d2343e8a2 (last access: 18 March 2025), 2018. a
European Space Agency: Copernicus Global Digital Elevation Model, European Space Agency [data set], https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65, 2021. a
FAIRway Danube: Fairway Rehabilitation and Maintenance Master Plan for the Danube and Its Navigable Tributaries: National action plans update May 2021, Tech. Rep. v. 16.11.2021, Connecting Europe Facility of the European Union, https://navigation.danube-region.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/sites/10/2022/01/FRMMP_national_action_plans_May-2021.pdf (last access: 27 June 2024), 2021. a
Foglini, F., Rovere, M., Tonielli, R., Castellan, G., Prampolini, M., Budillon, F., Cuffaro, M., Di Martino, G., Grande, V., Innangi, S., Loreto, M. F., Langone, L., Madricardo, F., Mercorella, A., Montagna, P., Palmiotto, C., Pellegrini, C., Petrizzo, A., Petracchini, L., Remia, A., Sacchi, M., Sanchez Galvez, D., Tassetti, A. N., and Trincardi, F.: A New Multi-Grid Bathymetric Dataset of the Gulf of Naples (Italy) from Complementary Multi-Beam Echo Sounders, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 181–203, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-181-2025, 2025. a
Fuchs, M., Palmtag, J., Juhls, B., Overduin, P. P., Grosse, G., Abdelwahab, A., Bedington, M., Sanders, T., Ogneva, O., Fedorova, I. V., Zimov, N. S., Mann, P. J., and Strauss, J.: High-Resolution Bathymetry Models for the Lena Delta and Kolyma Gulf Coastal Zones, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2279–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2279-2022, 2022. a
GEBCO Bathymetric Compilation Group: The GEBCO_2024 Grid – a continuous terrain model of the global oceans and land, NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC [data set], https://doi.org/10.5285/1c44ce99-0a0d-5f4f-e063-7086abc0ea0f, 2024. a, b
Geuzaine, C. and Remacle, J.-F.: Gmsh: A 3-D Finite Element Mesh Generator with Built-in Pre- and Post-Processing Facilities, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 79, 1309–1331, https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.2579, 2009. a
Goff, J. A. and Nordfjord, S.: Interpolation of Fluvial Morphology Using Channel-Oriented Coordinate Transformation: A Case Study from the New Jersey Shelf, Math. Geol., 36, 643–658, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MATG.0000039539.84158.cd, 2004. a, b, c
Grégoire, M. and Friedrich, J.: Nitrogen Budget of the Northwestern Black Sea Shelf Inferred from Modeling Studies and in Situ Benthic Measurements, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 270, 15–39, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps270015, 2004. a
Habersack, H., Hein, T., Stanica, A., Liska, I., Mair, R., Jäger, E., Hauer, C., and Bradley, C.: Challenges of River Basin Management: Current Status of, and Prospects for, the River Danube from a River Engineering Perspective, Sci. Total Environ., 543, 828–845, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.123, 2016. a
Hilton, J. E., Grimaldi, S., Cohen, R. C. Z., Garg, N., Li, Y., Marvanek, S., Pauwels, V. R. N., and Walker, J. P.: River Reconstruction Using a Conformal Mapping Method, Environ. Model. Softw., 119, 197–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.06.006, 2019. a
Ivanov, E., Capet, A., Barth, A., Delhez, E. J. M., Soetaert, K., and Grégoire, M.: Hydrodynamic Variability in the Southern Bight of the North Sea in Response to Typical Atmospheric and Tidal Regimes. Benefit of Using a High Resolution Model, Ocean Model., 154, 101682, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101682, 2020. a
Jugaru Tiron, L., Le Coz, J., Provansal, M., Panin, N., Raccasi, G., Dramais, G., and Dussouillez, P.: Flow and Sediment Processes in a Cutoff Meander of the Danube Delta during Episodic Flooding, Geomorphology, 106, 186–197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.10.016, 2009. a, b
Kara, A. B., Wallcraft, A. J., Hurlburt, H. E., and Stanev, E. V.: Air–Sea Fluxes and River Discharges in the Black Sea with a Focus on the Danube and Bosphorus, J. Mar. Syst., 74, 74–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.11.010, 2008. a
Kubryakov, A. A., Stanichny, S. V., and Zatsepin, A. G.: Interannual Variability of Danube Waters Propagation in Summer Period of 1992–2015 and Its Influence on the Black Sea Ecosystem, J. Mar. Syst., 179, 10–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.11.001, 2018. a
Lai, R., Wang, M., Zhang, X., Huang, L., Zhang, F., Yang, M., and Wang, M.: Streamline-Based Method for Reconstruction of Complex Braided River Bathymetry, J. Hydrol. Eng., 26, 04021012, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002080, 2021. a
Lai, Y. G.: Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Flow Modeling with an Unstructured Hybrid Mesh, J. Hydraul. Eng., 136, 12–23, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000134, 2010. a, b
Lazar, L., Rodino, S., Pop, R., Tiller, R., D'Haese, N., Viaene, P., and De Kok, J.-L.: Sustainable Development Scenarios in the Danube Delta – A Pilot Methodology for Decision Makers, Water, 14, 3484, https://doi.org/10.3390/w14213484, 2022. a
Legleiter, C. J. and Kyriakidis, P. C.: Spatial Prediction of River Channel Topography by Kriging, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 33, 841–867, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1579, 2008. a, b, c, d
Lima, L., Aydogdu, A., Escudier, R., Masina, S., Cilibert, S., Azevedo, D., Peneva, E., Causio, S., Cipollone, A., Clementi, E., Cretí, S., Stefanizzi, L., Lecci, R., Palermo, F., Coppini, G., Pinardi, N., and Palazov, A.: Black Sea Physical Reanalysis (CMEMS BS-Currents) (Version 1), CMCC, https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/BLKSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY, 2020. a
Merwade, V. M., Maidment, D. R., and Hodges, B. R.: Geospatial Representation of River Channels, J. Hydrol. Eng., 10, 243–251, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2005)10:3(243), 2005. a, b, c
Merwade, V. M., Maidment, D. R., and Goff, J. A.: Anisotropic Considerations While Interpolating River Channel Bathymetry, J. Hydrol., 331, 731–741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.06.018, 2006. a, b, c, d
Merwade, V. M., Cook, A., and Coonrod, J.: GIS Techniques for Creating River Terrain Models for Hydrodynamic Modeling and Flood Inundation Mapping, Environ. Model. Softw., 23, 1300–1311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.03.005, 2008. a
Nelson, J. M., Bennett, J. P., and Wiele, S. M.: Flow and Sediment-Transport Modeling, in: Tools in Fluvial Geomorphology, 1st Edn.,edited by: Kondolf, G. M. and Piégay, H., Wiley, 539–576, ISBN 978-0-471-49142-2 978-0-470-86833-1, https://doi.org/10.1002/0470868333.ch18, 2003. a
Niculescu, S., Lardeux, C., Hanganu, J., Mercier, G., and David, L.: Change Detection in Floodable Areas of the Danube Delta Using Radar Images, Nat. Hazards, 78, 1899–1916, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1809-4, 2015. a
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information: ETOPO 2022 15 Arc-Second Global Relief Model, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/fd45-gt74, 2022. a, b
Panin, N. and Jipa, D.: Danube River Sediment Input and Its Interaction with the North-western Black Sea, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 54, 551–562, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0664, 2002. a, b
Pasquaré Mariotto, F., Antoniou, V., Drymoni, K., Bonali, F. L., Nomikou, P., Fallati, L., Karatzaferis, O., and Vlasopoulos, O.: Virtual Geosite Communication through a WebGIS Platform: A Case Study from Santorini Island (Greece), Appl. Sci., 11, 5466, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125466, 2021. a
Pelckmans, I., Gourgue, O., Belliard, J.-P., Dominguez-Granda, L. E., Slobbe, C., and Temmerman, S.: Hydrodynamic Modelling of the Tide Propagation in a Tropical Delta: Overcoming the Challenges of Data Scarcity, in: 2020 TELEMAC-MASCARET User Conference October 2021, 14 and 15 October 2021, Antwerp, https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11970/108312 (last access: 30 June 2025), 2021. a, b
Pham Van, C., de Brye, B., Deleersnijder, E., Hoitink, A. J. F., Sassi, M., Spinewine, B., Hidayat, H., and Soares-Frazão, S.: Simulations of the Flow in the Mahakam River–Lake–Delta System, Indonesia, Environ. Fluid Mech., 16, 603–633, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-016-9445-4, 2016. a
Romanescu, G.: Alluvial Transport Processes and the Impact of Anthropogenic Intervention on the Romanian Littoral of the Danube Delta, Ocean Coast. Manage., 73, 31–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.11.010, 2013. a, b
Rose, K. A., Justic, D., Fennel, K., and Hetland, R. D.: Numerical Modeling of Hypoxia and Its Effects: Synthesis and Going Forward, in: Modeling Coastal Hypoxia: Numerical Simulations of Patterns, Controls and Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Dynamics, edited by: Justic, D., Rose, K. A., Hetland, R. D., and Fennel, K., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 401–421, ISBN 978-3-319-54571-4, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54571-4_15, 2017. a
Roşu, A., Arseni, M., Roşu, B., Petrea, Ş.-M., Iticescu, C., and Georgescu, P. L.: Study of the Influence of Manning Parameter Variation for Waterflow Simulation in Danube Delta, Romania, Scientific Papers, Series E, Land Reclamation, Earth Observation & Surveying, Environmental Engineering, XI, 374–381, https://landreclamationjournal.usamv.ro/index.php/scientific-papers/current?id=548 (last access: 3 June 2024), 2022. a
Sommerwerk, N., Bloesch, J., Baumgartner, C., Bittl, T., Čerba, D., Csányi, B., Davideanu, G., Dokulil, M., Frank, G., Grecu, I., Hein, T., Kováč, V., Nichersu, I., Mikuska, T., Pall, K., Paunović, M., Postolache, C., Raković, M., Sandu, C., Schneider-Jacoby, M., Stefke, K., Tockner, K., Toderaş, I., and Ungureanu, L.: Chapter 3 – The Danube River Basin, in: Rivers of Europe, 2nd Edn., edited by: Tockner, K., Zarfl, C., and Robinson, C. T., Elsevier, 81–180, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102612-0.00003-1, 2022. a, b
Simon, T. and Andrei, M.-T.: The Danube Delta and Its Tourism Development between 1989 and 2022, in: 6th International Hybrid Conference Water resources and wetlands, 13–17 September 2023, 237–247, https://www.limnology.ro/wrw2023/20_Andrei.pdf (last access: 26 October 2024), 2023. a
Suciu, R., Constantinescu, A., and David, C.: The Danube Delta: Filter or Bypass for the Nutrient Input into the Black Sea?, Large Rivers, 13, 165–173, https://doi.org/10.1127/lr/13/2002/165, 2002. a
Sultanov, E.: The Glossy Ibis Plegadis Falcinellus in Azerbaijan, SIS Conservation, 1, 10–15, 2019. a
Tiron Duţu, L., Provansal, M., Le Coz, J., and Duţu, F.: Contrasted Sediment Processes and Morphological Adjustments in Three Successive Cutoff Meanders of the Danube Delta, Geomorphology, 204, 154–164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.07.035, 2014. a, b
Wu, C.-Y., Mossa, J., Mao, L., and Almulla, M.: Comparison of Different Spatial Interpolation Methods for Historical Hydrographic Data of the Lowermost Mississippi River, Ann. GIS, 25, 133–151, https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2019.1588781, 2019. a, b
Zhang, Y., Yaak, W. B., Wang, N., Li, Z., Wu, X., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., and Yao, W.: Evaluation of the Highly Sinuous Bend Sequences Using an Ecohydraulic Model to Ascertain the Suitability of Fish Habitats for River Ecological Conservation, J. Nat. Conserv., 82, 126750, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2024.126750, 2024. a
Zigler, S. J., Newton, T. J., Steuer, J. J., Bartsch, M. R., and Sauer, J. S.: Importance of Physical and Hydraulic Characteristics to Unionid Mussels: A Retrospective Analysis in a Reach of Large River, Hydrobiologia, 598, 343–360, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9167-1, 2008. a
Short summary
We created the first comprehensive, high-resolution, and easily accessible bathymetry dataset for the three main branches of the Danube Delta. By combining four data sources, we obtained a detailed representation of the riverbed, with resolutions ranging from 2 to 100 m. This dataset will support future studies on water and nutrient exchanges between the Danube and the Black Sea and provide insights into the delta's buffer role within the understudied Danube–Black Sea continuum.
We created the first comprehensive, high-resolution, and easily accessible bathymetry dataset...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint