Articles | Volume 17, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2963-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2963-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Benchmark dataset for hydraulic simulations of flash floods in the French Mediterranean region
Juliette Godet
GERS-LEE, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 44344 Bouguenais, France
RECOVER, INRAE, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Aix En Provence, France
Pierre Nicolle
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
GERS-LEE, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 44344 Bouguenais, France
Nabil Hocini
Cerema Méditerranée, 13290 Aix-en-Provence, France
Eric Gaume
GERS-LEE, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 44344 Bouguenais, France
Philippe Davy
Géosciences Rennes, Université Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6118, 35042 Rennes, France
Frederic Pons
Cerema Méditerranée, 13290 Aix-en-Provence, France
Pierre Javelle
RECOVER, INRAE, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Aix En Provence, France
Pierre-André Garambois
RECOVER, INRAE, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Aix En Provence, France
Dimitri Lague
Géosciences Rennes, Université Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6118, 35042 Rennes, France
Olivier Payrastre
GERS-LEE, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 44344 Bouguenais, France
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Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 3589–3613, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3589-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3589-2025, 2025
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Understanding and modeling flash-flood-prone areas remains challenging due to limited data and scale-relevant hydrological theory. While machine learning shows promise, its integration with process-based models is difficult. We present an approach incorporating machine learning into a high-resolution hydrological model to correct internal fluxes and transfer parameters between watersheds. Results show improved accuracy, advancing the development of learnable and interpretable process-based models.
Ngo Nghi Truyen Huynh, Pierre-André Garambois, François Colleoni, and Jérôme Monnier
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2797, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2797, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
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To better understand hydrological processes and improve flood simulation, combining artificial intelligence (AI) with process-based models is a promising direction. We introduce a hybrid physics-AI approach that seamlessly integrates neural networks into a distributed hydrological model to refine water flow dynamics within an implicit numerical scheme. The hybrid models demonstrate strong performance and interpretable results, leading to reliable streamflow simulations for flood modeling.
Marion Fournereau, Laure Guerit, Philippe Steer, Jean-Jacques Kermarrec, Paul Leroy, Christophe Lanos, Hélène Hivert, Claire Astrié, and Dimitri Lague
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1541, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1541, 2025
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River bedrock erosion can occur by polishing and by the removal of entire blocks. We observe that when there is no to little fractures most erosion occurs by polishing whereas with more fractures, blocks can be removed at once leading to different patterns of erosion and riverbed morphology. Fractures affect barely mean erosion rate but change the location and occurrence of block removal. Our results highlight how river bedrock properties influence erosion processes and thus landscape evolution.
Marine Le Minor, Dimitri Lague, Jamie Howarth, and Philippe Davy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1271, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1271, 2025
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In natural rivers, flow variability and sediment heterogeneity affect how sediment grains are transported. A unique law that predicts the total amount of sediment transportable by a river for a wide range of sediment mixtures and flow conditions exist but unclear trends remain. Two improvements of this law, a standardized onset of sediment transport and a common reference transport height across all sizes, appear to be critical to have a functional multi grain-size total sediment load.
Juliette Godet, Eric Gaume, Pierre Javelle, Thomas Dias, Pierre Nicolle, and Olivier Payrastre
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François Colleoni, Ngo Nghi Truyen Huynh, Pierre-André Garambois, Maxime Jay-Allemand, Didier Organde, Benjamin Renard, Thomas De Fournas, Apolline El Baz, Julie Demargne, and Pierre Javelle
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We present smash, an open-source framework for high-resolution hydrological modeling and data assimilation. It combines process-based models with neural networks for regionalization, enabling accurate simulations from catchment to country scale. With an efficient, differentiable solver, smash supports large-scale calibration and parallel computing. Tested on open datasets, it shows strong performance in river flow prediction, making it a valuable tool for research and operational use.
Boris Gailleton, Philippe Steer, Philippe Davy, Wolfgang Schwanghart, and Thomas Bernard
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1295–1313, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1295-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1295-2024, 2024
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We use cutting-edge algorithms and conceptual simplifications to solve the equations that describe surface water flow. Using quantitative data on rainfall and elevation, GraphFlood calculates river width and depth and approximates erosive power, making it a suitable tool for large-scale hazard management and understanding the relationship between rivers and mountains.
Maxime Jay-Allemand, Julie Demargne, Pierre-André Garambois, Pierre Javelle, Igor Gejadze, François Colleoni, Didier Organde, Patrick Arnaud, and Catherine Fouchier
Proc. IAHS, 385, 281–290, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-281-2024, 2024
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This work targets the improvement of a hydrologic model used for flash flood warnings. A gridded model is used to spatially describe the hydrological processes. We develop a method to estimate the best model setup based on scarce river flow observations. It uses a complex algorithm combined with geographical descriptors to generate gridded parameters that better capture catchment characteristics. Results are promising, improving the discharge estimations where no observations are available.
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Proc. IAHS, 385, 219–224, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-219-2024, 2024
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Juliette Godet, Eric Gaume, Pierre Javelle, Pierre Nicolle, and Olivier Payrastre
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1403–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1403-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1403-2024, 2024
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Guillaume Evin, Matthieu Le Lay, Catherine Fouchier, David Penot, Francois Colleoni, Alexandre Mas, Pierre-André Garambois, and Olivier Laurantin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 261–281, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-261-2024, 2024
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Hydrological modelling of mountainous catchments is challenging for many reasons, the main one being the temporal and spatial representation of precipitation forcings. This study presents an evaluation of the hydrological modelling of 55 small mountainous catchments of the northern French Alps, focusing on the influence of the type of precipitation reanalyses used as inputs. These evaluations emphasize the added value of radar measurements, in particular for the reproduction of flood events.
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This article results from a master's research project which was part of a natural hazards programme developed by the French Ministry of Ecological Transition. The objective of this work was to investigate a possible way to improve the operational flash flood warning service by adding rainfall forecasts upstream of the forecasting chain. The results showed that the tested forecast product, which is new and experimental, has a real added value compared to other classical forecast products.
Maryse Charpentier-Noyer, Daniela Peredo, Axelle Fleury, Hugo Marchal, François Bouttier, Eric Gaume, Pierre Nicolle, Olivier Payrastre, and Maria-Helena Ramos
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This paper proposes a methodological framework designed for event-based evaluation in the context of an intense flash-flood event. The evaluation adopts the point of view of end users, with a focus on the anticipation of exceedances of discharge thresholds. With a study of rainfall forecasts, a discharge evaluation and a detailed look at the forecast hydrographs, the evaluation framework should help in drawing robust conclusions about the usefulness of new rainfall ensemble forecasts.
Philippe Steer, Laure Guerit, Dimitri Lague, Alain Crave, and Aurélie Gourdon
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1211–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1211-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1211-2022, 2022
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The morphology and size of sediments influence erosion efficiency, sediment transport and the quality of aquatic ecosystem. In turn, the spatial evolution of sediment size provides information on the past dynamics of erosion and sediment transport. We have developed a new software which semi-automatically identifies and measures sediments based on 3D point clouds. This software is fast and efficient, offering a new avenue to measure the geometrical properties of large numbers of sediment grains.
Reyhaneh Hashemi, Pierre Brigode, Pierre-André Garambois, and Pierre Javelle
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5793–5816, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5793-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5793-2022, 2022
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Hydrologists have long dreamed of a tool that could adequately predict runoff in catchments. Data-driven long short-term memory (LSTM) models appear very promising to the hydrology community in this respect. Here, we have sought to benefit from traditional practices in hydrology to improve the effectiveness of LSTM models. We discovered that one LSTM parameter has a hydrologic interpretation and that there is a need to increase the data and to tune two parameters, thereby improving predictions.
Léo Pujol, Pierre-André Garambois, and Jérôme Monnier
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6085–6113, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6085-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6085-2022, 2022
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This contribution presents a new numerical model for representing hydraulic–hydrological quantities at the basin scale. It allows modeling large areas at a low computational cost, with fine zooms where needed. It allows the integration of local and satellite measurements, via data assimilation methods, to improve the model's match to observations. Using this capability, good matches to in situ observations are obtained on a model of the complex Adour river network with fine zooms on floodplains.
François Colleoni, Pierre-André Garambois, Pierre Javelle, Maxime Jay-Allemand, and Patrick Arnaud
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-506, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-506, 2022
Preprint archived
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This contribution presents the first evaluation of Variational Data Assimilation successfully applied over a large sample to the spatially distributed calibration of a newly taylored grid-based parsimonious model structure and corresponding adjoint. High performances are obtained in spatio-temporal validation and at flood time scales, especially for mediterranenan and oceanic catchments. Regional sensitivity analysis revealed the importance of the non conservative and production components.
Clément Desormeaux, Vincent Godard, Dimitri Lague, Guillaume Duclaux, Jules Fleury, Lucilla Benedetti, Olivier Bellier, and the ASTER Team
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 473–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-473-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-473-2022, 2022
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Landscape evolution is highly dependent on climatic parameters, and the occurrence of intense precipitation events is considered to be an important driver of river incision. We compare the rate of erosion with the variability of river discharge in a mountainous landscape of SE France where high-magnitude floods regularly occur. Our study highlights the importance of the hypotheses made regarding the threshold that river discharge needs to exceed in order to effectively cut down into the bedrock.
M. Letard, A. Collin, D. Lague, T. Corpetti, Y. Pastol, and A. Ekelund
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B3-2022, 463–470, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2022-463-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2022-463-2022, 2022
Abubakar Haruna, Pierre-Andre Garambois, Helene Roux, Pierre Javelle, and Maxime Jay-Allemand
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-414, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-414, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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We compared three hydrological models in a flash flood modelling framework. We first identified the sensitive parameters of each model, then compared their performances in terms of outlet discharge and soil moisture simulation. We found out that resulting from the differences in their complexities/process representation, performance depends on the aspect/measure used. The study then highlights and proposed some future investigations/modifications to improve the models.
Pierre Nicolle, Vazken Andréassian, Paul Royer-Gaspard, Charles Perrin, Guillaume Thirel, Laurent Coron, and Léonard Santos
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5013–5027, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5013-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5013-2021, 2021
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In this note, a new method (RAT) is proposed to assess the robustness of hydrological models. The RAT method is particularly interesting because it does not require multiple calibrations (it is therefore applicable to uncalibrated models), and it can be used to determine whether a hydrological model may be safely used for climate change impact studies. Success at the robustness assessment test is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition of model robustness.
Thomas G. Bernard, Dimitri Lague, and Philippe Steer
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1013–1044, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1013-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1013-2021, 2021
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Both landslide mapping and volume estimation accuracies are crucial to quantify landscape evolution and manage such a natural hazard. We developed a method to robustly detect landslides and measure their volume from repeat 3D point cloud lidar data. This method detects more landslides than classical 2D inventories and resolves known issues of indirect volume measurement. Our results also suggest that the number of small landslides classically detected from 2D imagery is underestimated.
Nabil Hocini, Olivier Payrastre, François Bourgin, Eric Gaume, Philippe Davy, Dimitri Lague, Lea Poinsignon, and Frederic Pons
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2979–2995, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2979-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2979-2021, 2021
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Efficient flood mapping methods are needed for large-scale, comprehensive identification of flash flood inundation hazards caused by small upstream rivers. An evaluation of three automated mapping approaches of increasing complexity, i.e., a digital terrain model (DTM) filling and two 1D–2D hydrodynamic approaches, is presented based on three major flash floods in southeastern France. The results illustrate some limits of the DTM filling method and the value of using a 2D hydrodynamic approach.
Maxime Jay-Allemand, Pierre Javelle, Igor Gejadze, Patrick Arnaud, Pierre-Olivier Malaterre, Jean-Alain Fine, and Didier Organde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5519–5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5519-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5519-2020, 2020
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This study contributes to flash flood prediction using a hydrological model. The model describes the spatial properties of the watersheds with hundreds of unknown parameters. The Gardon d'Anduze watershed is chosen as the study benchmark. A sophisticated numerical algorithm and the downstream discharge measurements make the identification of the model parameters possible. Results provide better model predictions and relevant spatial variability of some parameters inside this watershed.
Pierre Nicolle, François Besson, Olivier Delaigue, Pierre Etchevers, Didier François, Matthieu Le Lay, Charles Perrin, Fabienne Rousset, Dominique Thiéry, François Tilmant, Claire Magand, Timothée Leurent, and Élise Jacob
Proc. IAHS, 383, 381–389, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-381-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-381-2020, 2020
Benjamin Campforts, Charles M. Shobe, Philippe Steer, Matthias Vanmaercke, Dimitri Lague, and Jean Braun
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 3863–3886, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3863-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3863-2020, 2020
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Landslides shape the Earth’s surface and are a dominant source of terrestrial sediment. Rivers, then, act as conveyor belts evacuating landslide-produced sediment. Understanding the interaction among rivers and landslides is important to predict the Earth’s surface response to past and future environmental changes and for mitigating natural hazards. We develop HyLands, a new numerical model that provides a toolbox to explore how landslides and rivers interact over several timescales.
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Short summary
This paper describes a dataset that includes input, output, and validation data for the simulation of flash flood hazards and three specific flash flood events in the French Mediterranean region. This dataset is particularly valuable as flood mapping methods often lack sufficient benchmark data. Additionally, we demonstrate how the hydraulic method we used, named Floodos, produces highly satisfactory results.
This paper describes a dataset that includes input, output, and validation data for the...
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