Articles | Volume 16, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-605-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-605-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
| 
24 Jan 2024
Data description article |
| 24 Jan 2024
| 24 Jan 2024
Country-level estimates of gross and net carbon fluxes from land use, land-use change and forestry
Wolfgang Alexander Obermeier
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
Clemens Schwingshackl
Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
Ana Bastos
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Giulia Conchedda
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
Thomas Gasser
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
Giacomo Grassi
Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Ispra, Italy
Richard A. Houghton
Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, USA
Francesco Nicola Tubiello
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
Stephen Sitch
Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
Julia Pongratz
Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Viewed
Total article views: 7,399 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 14 Aug 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5,006 | 2,222 | 171 | 7,399 | 183 | 249 |
- HTML: 5,006
- PDF: 2,222
- XML: 171
- Total: 7,399
- BibTeX: 183
- EndNote: 249
Total article views: 5,322 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 24 Jan 2024)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,122 | 1,070 | 130 | 5,322 | 161 | 228 |
- HTML: 4,122
- PDF: 1,070
- XML: 130
- Total: 5,322
- BibTeX: 161
- EndNote: 228
Total article views: 2,077 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 14 Aug 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 884 | 1,152 | 41 | 2,077 | 22 | 21 |
- HTML: 884
- PDF: 1,152
- XML: 41
- Total: 2,077
- BibTeX: 22
- EndNote: 21
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 7,399 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 7,060 with geography defined
and 339 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 5,322 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 5,056 with geography defined
and 266 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,077 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 2,004 with geography defined
and 73 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
11 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Impact of the Industrialized Nation's CO2 Emissions on Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case Studies from South Africa, Nigeria and the DR Congo D. Kohnert https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4730179
- Anthromes and forest carbon responses to global change J. Hogan et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10609
- Functionalization of organic amine promoted clay-based solid amine sorbents for efficient and sustainable CO2 capture X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133658
- To correct carbon fluxes in complex terrains: Integrating slope-dependent CO2 emission rates with gradient-corrected surface area C. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2026.110115
- Significant Land Cover Transitions and Regional Acceleration at the Continental Scale of Africa over the Last Four Decades H. Ullah et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26082318
- Integrating Grain–Carbon Synergy and Ecological Risk Assessment for Sustainable Land Use in Mountainous High-Risk Areas Q. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232496
- Annual carbon emissions from land-use change in China from 1000 to 2019 F. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-875-2026
- Auswirkungen der CO2-Emissionen der Industrienationen auf den Klimawandel in Subsahara-Afrika: Fallstudien aus Südafrika, Nigeria und der DR Kongo (The impact of the industrialized nation's CO2 emissions on climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case studies from South Africa, Nigeria and the DR Congo) D. Kohnert https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4736594
- Spatiotemporal Evolution of Territorial Spaces and Its Effect on Carbon Emissions in Qingdao City, China J. He et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13101717
- Spatial-temporal evolution and multi-scenario prediction of carbon emissions from land use in the adjacent areas of nature reserves Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.113047
- Differences and uncertainties in land-use CO2 flux estimates W. Obermeier et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00730-6
11 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Impact of the Industrialized Nation's CO2 Emissions on Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case Studies from South Africa, Nigeria and the DR Congo D. Kohnert https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4730179
- Anthromes and forest carbon responses to global change J. Hogan et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10609
- Functionalization of organic amine promoted clay-based solid amine sorbents for efficient and sustainable CO2 capture X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133658
- To correct carbon fluxes in complex terrains: Integrating slope-dependent CO2 emission rates with gradient-corrected surface area C. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2026.110115
- Significant Land Cover Transitions and Regional Acceleration at the Continental Scale of Africa over the Last Four Decades H. Ullah et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26082318
- Integrating Grain–Carbon Synergy and Ecological Risk Assessment for Sustainable Land Use in Mountainous High-Risk Areas Q. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232496
- Annual carbon emissions from land-use change in China from 1000 to 2019 F. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-875-2026
- Auswirkungen der CO2-Emissionen der Industrienationen auf den Klimawandel in Subsahara-Afrika: Fallstudien aus Südafrika, Nigeria und der DR Kongo (The impact of the industrialized nation's CO2 emissions on climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case studies from South Africa, Nigeria and the DR Congo) D. Kohnert https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4736594
- Spatiotemporal Evolution of Territorial Spaces and Its Effect on Carbon Emissions in Qingdao City, China J. He et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13101717
- Spatial-temporal evolution and multi-scenario prediction of carbon emissions from land use in the adjacent areas of nature reserves Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.113047
- Differences and uncertainties in land-use CO2 flux estimates W. Obermeier et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00730-6
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 19 Jul 2026
Short summary
We provide and compare country-level estimates of land-use CO2 fluxes from a variety and large number of models, bottom-up estimates, and country reports for the period 1950–2021. Although net fluxes are small in many countries, they are often composed of large compensating emissions and removals. In many countries, the estimates agree well once their individual characteristics are accounted for, but in other countries, including some of the largest emitters, substantial uncertainties exist.
We provide and compare country-level estimates of land-use CO2 fluxes from a variety and large...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint