Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2669-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2669-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Estimating the uncertainty of the greenhouse gas emission accounts in global multi-regional input–output analysis
Simon Schulte
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Industrial Ecology Group, University of Freiburg, 79183 Freiburg, Germany
Arthur Jakobs
Laboratory for Energy Systems Analysis, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
Stefan Pauliuk
Industrial Ecology Group, University of Freiburg, 79183 Freiburg, Germany
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Cited
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Carbon footprint reduction potential of consumption changes in five European countries in 2015, 2030, and 2050 S. Cap et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2025.08.018
- A Global Construction Embodied Energy Emission Index (CEEEI): A Data-Driven Assessment of Carbon and Energy Efficiency Across 148 Countries (2000–2023) I. Mosly https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236327
- Hierarchically Weighted Evidence for Fuzzy–Probabilistic Carbon Footprint Uncertainty Analysis L. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14020226
- Beyond the environment: Sustainable consumption amid poverty and inequality. Insight from a developing economy D. Dang https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108932
- Transition-Based Forest Carbon Accounting in a Tropical Forest Using Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing and GIS T. Khaing et al. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejeba.2026.3(2).02
- Enhanced Disaggregation Method for Accurate Carbon Footprint Quantification of Construction Materials in Early-Stage Design A. Bakindi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1554/1/012108
- When correlation matters: a practical guide to dealing with uncertainty in the case of data disaggregation S. Schulte et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44498-026-00048-6
- Beyond Production-Based Accounting: A Comparative SWOT Analysis of GHG Inventory Frameworks and Their Policy Implications R. Gil et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli13120240
- Doubling of the global freshwater footprint of material production over two decades Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01661-2
- Distributional effects of expanding climate targets beyond CO2 Y. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-026-02622-z
- A novel method to calculate SSP-consistent remaining carbon budgets for the building sector: A case study of Canada C. Breton et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112474
- Exploring biodiversity footprint methods applied to the French nuclear fleet B. Fontanier et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145735
- Integrating Consumption-Based Metrics into Sectoral Carbon Budgets to Enhance Sustainability Monitoring of Building Activities M. Pellan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166762
- Tracking Africa's trajectory toward sustainability: An assessment of environmental and socioeconomic impacts E. Towa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2025.02.008
- Carbon Inequality: Resolving Contradictory Results From Two Different Approaches L. Tamburino et al. https://doi.org/10.32388/CNVHVF.2
- How demand for and trade of construction materials affects greenhouse gas emissions W. Fritzeen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108513
- Lifestyle change modelling for climate change mitigation: Complementary strengths, policy support, and research avenues L. Scherer et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104256
- A comparative analysis of EDGAR and UNFCCC GHG emissions inventories: insights on trends, methodology and data discrepancies M. Banja et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6461-2025
- An overview of accounting approaches for national greenhouse gas emissions; comparing consumption and production footprints in the European Union H. Wilting & D. in 't Veld https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2025.2463954
- Changes in Japan's food consumption footprints under human depopulation A. Barrahmoune & P. Matanle https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2026.100418
- Integrating land-use change into probabilistic forecasting and sensitivity analysis of urban greenhouse gas emissions W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-026-07497-w
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Carbon footprint reduction potential of consumption changes in five European countries in 2015, 2030, and 2050 S. Cap et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2025.08.018
- A Global Construction Embodied Energy Emission Index (CEEEI): A Data-Driven Assessment of Carbon and Energy Efficiency Across 148 Countries (2000–2023) I. Mosly https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236327
- Hierarchically Weighted Evidence for Fuzzy–Probabilistic Carbon Footprint Uncertainty Analysis L. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14020226
- Beyond the environment: Sustainable consumption amid poverty and inequality. Insight from a developing economy D. Dang https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108932
- Transition-Based Forest Carbon Accounting in a Tropical Forest Using Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing and GIS T. Khaing et al. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejeba.2026.3(2).02
- Enhanced Disaggregation Method for Accurate Carbon Footprint Quantification of Construction Materials in Early-Stage Design A. Bakindi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1554/1/012108
- When correlation matters: a practical guide to dealing with uncertainty in the case of data disaggregation S. Schulte et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44498-026-00048-6
- Beyond Production-Based Accounting: A Comparative SWOT Analysis of GHG Inventory Frameworks and Their Policy Implications R. Gil et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli13120240
- Doubling of the global freshwater footprint of material production over two decades Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01661-2
- Distributional effects of expanding climate targets beyond CO2 Y. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-026-02622-z
- A novel method to calculate SSP-consistent remaining carbon budgets for the building sector: A case study of Canada C. Breton et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112474
- Exploring biodiversity footprint methods applied to the French nuclear fleet B. Fontanier et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145735
- Integrating Consumption-Based Metrics into Sectoral Carbon Budgets to Enhance Sustainability Monitoring of Building Activities M. Pellan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166762
- Tracking Africa's trajectory toward sustainability: An assessment of environmental and socioeconomic impacts E. Towa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2025.02.008
- Carbon Inequality: Resolving Contradictory Results From Two Different Approaches L. Tamburino et al. https://doi.org/10.32388/CNVHVF.2
- How demand for and trade of construction materials affects greenhouse gas emissions W. Fritzeen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108513
- Lifestyle change modelling for climate change mitigation: Complementary strengths, policy support, and research avenues L. Scherer et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104256
- A comparative analysis of EDGAR and UNFCCC GHG emissions inventories: insights on trends, methodology and data discrepancies M. Banja et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6461-2025
- An overview of accounting approaches for national greenhouse gas emissions; comparing consumption and production footprints in the European Union H. Wilting & D. in 't Veld https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2025.2463954
- Changes in Japan's food consumption footprints under human depopulation A. Barrahmoune & P. Matanle https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2026.100418
- Integrating land-use change into probabilistic forecasting and sensitivity analysis of urban greenhouse gas emissions W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-026-07497-w
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission accounts record emissions according to the economic boundary of a country, irrespective of whether they occur within national borders or not. In this study, we explore the accuracy of those GHG emission accounts. We find that the accuracy varies significantly depending on the country and economic sector. For example, small countries with extensive aviation or shipping activities show a high degree of uncertainty in their GHG emission accounts.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission accounts record emissions according to the economic boundary of a...
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