Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2659-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2659-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
04 Jun 2024
Data description paper |
| 04 Jun 2024
| 04 Jun 2024
Multiyear surface wave dataset from the subsurface “DeepLev” eastern Levantine moored station
School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
Vika Grigorieva
School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
Rotem Soffer
School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
Boaz Mayzel
School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
Timor Katz
Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 31080, Israel
Ronen Alkalay
Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 31080, Israel
Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
Eli Biton
Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 31080, Israel
Ayah Lazar
Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 31080, Israel
Hezi Gildor
Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
Ilana Berman-Frank
Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
Yishai Weinstein
Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
Barak Herut
Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 31080, Israel
Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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Yosef Ashkenazy, Hezi Gildor, and Aviv Solodoch
Ocean Sci., 21, 1641–1661, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1641-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1641-2025, 2025
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We studied ocean currents in the eastern Mediterranean near Israel's coast (2016–2024) across depths of up to 1.3 km. The generalized gamma distribution best matched current-speed data. The speed increment time series fit a stretched exponential distribution better than a normal distribution. Comparisons with high-resolution and regional general circulation models showed discrepancies, highlighting the need to refine the models for better extreme current-speed event predictions.
Ofer Cohen, Assaf Hochman, Ehud Strobach, Dorita Rostkier-Edelstein, Hezi Gildor, and Ori Adam
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3058, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3058, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Weather and Climate Dynamics (WCD).
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Severe warming and drying in the Eastern Mediterranean makes seasonal prediction of regional rain imperative. The study explores the observed relation of Mediterranean Sea variability to Levant winter precipitation. Ocean heat uptake in the Aegean Sea during summer is found to be a strong predictor of winter Levant precipitation. This connection is mediated by changes in the subtropical jet, which create more favorable conditions for precipitating storms in the Levant during winter.
Itamar Yacoby, Hezi Gildor, and Nathan Paldor
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2529, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2529, 2025
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The paper examines the applicability of known linear wave theories to numerical simulations of two zonally invariant fundamental problems in Oceanography: The Geostrophic adjustment problem and the Ekman Adjustment problem. By simulating the problems with MITgcm we show that neither of the available wave theories is applicable to the explanation of the numerical results that are derived for large and small meridional domains.
Natalie M. Mahowald, Longlei Li, Julius Vira, Marje Prank, Douglas S. Hamilton, Hitoshi Matsui, Ron L. Miller, P. Louis Lu, Ezgi Akyuz, Daphne Meidan, Peter Hess, Heikki Lihavainen, Christine Wiedinmyer, Jenny Hand, Maria Grazia Alaimo, Célia Alves, Andres Alastuey, Paulo Artaxo, Africa Barreto, Francisco Barraza, Silvia Becagli, Giulia Calzolai, Shankararaman Chellam, Ying Chen, Patrick Chuang, David D. Cohen, Cristina Colombi, Evangelia Diapouli, Gaetano Dongarra, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Johann Engelbrecht, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Cassandra Gaston, Dario Gomez, Yenny González Ramos, Roy M. Harrison, Chris Heyes, Barak Herut, Philip Hopke, Christoph Hüglin, Maria Kanakidou, Zsofia Kertesz, Zbigniew Klimont, Katriina Kyllönen, Fabrice Lambert, Xiaohong Liu, Remi Losno, Franco Lucarelli, Willy Maenhaut, Beatrice Marticorena, Randall V. Martin, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Yasser Morera-Gómez, Adina Paytan, Joseph Prospero, Sergio Rodríguez, Patricia Smichowski, Daniela Varrica, Brenna Walsh, Crystal L. Weagle, and Xi Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4665–4702, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4665-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4665-2025, 2025
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Aerosol particles are an important part of the Earth system, but their concentrations are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, as well as being variable in size and composition. Here, we present a new compilation of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol observations, focusing on the spatial variability across different observational stations, including composition, and demonstrate a method for comparing the data sets to model output.
Tom Reich, Natalia Belkin, Guy Sisma-Ventura, Hagar Hauzer, Maxim Rubin-Blum, Ilana Berman-Frank, and Eyal Rahav
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1445, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1445, 2025
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Dark carbon fixation by chemoautotrophs take a vital part in marine primary productivity. Measured rates can be seen all the way down to the dark layers of the ocean and integrated in our study site come close to the magnitude of photosynthesis. It can also explain about ~35 % of the missing organic carbon supply needed by deep microbial communities. By using oceanographic observations and analysis this paper highlights the significant of this overlooked parameter.
Maxim Rubin-Blum, Eyal Rahav, Guy Sisma-Ventura, Yana Yudkovski, Zoya Harbuzov, Or M. Bialik, Oded Ezra, Anneleen Foubert, Barak Herut, and Yizhaq Makovsky
Biogeosciences, 22, 1321–1340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1321-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1321-2025, 2025
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Chemotones, transition zones in chemosynthetic ecosystems, alter geochemical cycles and biodiversity. We studied seep chemotones, which are heavily burrowed by ghost shrimp. To investigate if burrowing affects habitat functionality, we surveyed the seafloor with deep-sea vehicles, analyzed sediment, and explored microbial communities in burrows. We found chemosynthetic biofilms, linking them to macromolecule turnover and nutrient cycling. This process may play a crucial role in deep-sea cycles.
Akos Kalman, Timor Katz, Miklos Vincze, Jake Longenecker, Alysse Mathalon, Paul Hill, and Beverly Goodman-Tchernov
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3354, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3354, 2025
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Flash floods significantly impact terrestrial and marine systems, yet research tracing their entire path from atmospheric origins to sediment deposition is limited. Our study bridges this gap by analyzing satellite data, meteorological reports, and in-situ floodwater and sediment measurements. Findings reveal links between atmospheric disturbances, flood dynamics, and sediment transport, enhancing understanding of how extreme weather affects hyperarid coastal urbanized areas and marine systems.
Shai Abir, Hamish A. McGowan, Yonatan Shaked, Hezi Gildor, Efrat Morin, and Nadav G. Lensky
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6177–6195, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6177-2024, 2024
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Understanding air–sea heat exchange is vital for studying ocean dynamics. Eddy covariance measurements over the Gulf of Eilat revealed a 3.22 m yr-1 evaporation rate, which is inconsistent with bulk formulae estimations in stable atmospheric conditions, requiring bulk formulae to be revisited in these environments. The surface fluxes have a net cooling effect on the gulf water on an annual mean (-79 W m-2), balanced by a strong exchange flux between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Eilat.
Natalie M. Mahowald, Longlei Li, Julius Vira, Marje Prank, Douglas S. Hamilton, Hitoshi Matsui, Ron L. Miller, Louis Lu, Ezgi Akyuz, Daphne Meidan, Peter Hess, Heikki Lihavainen, Christine Wiedinmyer, Jenny Hand, Maria Grazia Alaimo, Célia Alves, Andres Alastuey, Paulo Artaxo, Africa Barreto, Francisco Barraza, Silvia Becagli, Giulia Calzolai, Shankarararman Chellam, Ying Chen, Patrick Chuang, David D. Cohen, Cristina Colombi, Evangelia Diapouli, Gaetano Dongarra, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Cassandra Gaston, Dario Gomez, Yenny González Ramos, Hannele Hakola, Roy M. Harrison, Chris Heyes, Barak Herut, Philip Hopke, Christoph Hüglin, Maria Kanakidou, Zsofia Kertesz, Zbiginiw Klimont, Katriina Kyllönen, Fabrice Lambert, Xiaohong Liu, Remi Losno, Franco Lucarelli, Willy Maenhaut, Beatrice Marticorena, Randall V. Martin, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Yasser Morera-Gomez, Adina Paytan, Joseph Prospero, Sergio Rodríguez, Patricia Smichowski, Daniela Varrica, Brenna Walsh, Crystal Weagle, and Xi Zhao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-1, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-1, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
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Aerosol particles can interact with incoming solar radiation and outgoing long wave radiation, change cloud properties, affect photochemistry, impact surface air quality, and when deposited impact surface albedo of snow and ice, and modulate carbon dioxide uptake by the land and ocean. Here we present a new compilation of aerosol observations including composition, a methodology for comparing the datasets to model output, and show the implications of these results using one model.
Dotan Rotem, Vladimir Lyakhovsky, Hanne Hvidtfeldt Christiansen, Yehudit Harlavan, and Yishai Weinstein
The Cryosphere, 17, 3363–3381, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3363-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3363-2023, 2023
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Frozen saline pore water, left over from post-glacial marine ingression, was found in shallow permafrost in a Svalbard fjord valley. This suggests that freezing occurred immediately after marine regression due to isostatic rebound. We conducted top-down freezing simulations, which confirmed that with Early to mid-Holocene temperatures (e.g. −4 °C), freezing could progress down to 20–40 m within 200 years. This, in turn, could inhibit flow through the sediment, therefore preserving saline fluids.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
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N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Itamar Yacoby, Nathan Paldor, and Hezi Gildor
Ocean Sci., 19, 1163–1181, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1163-2023, 2023
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The transition from an arbitrary initial sea surface height to a geostrophic balance in which the velocity is steady was solved last century for constant Coriolis frequency, f(y), where y is the latitude. This study extends the theory to the realistic case in which f(y) is linear with y. We find that the variation in f(y) translates the steady geostrophic state westward as low-frequency Rossby waves that are harmonic in narrow domains and trapped near the equatorward boundary in wide ones.
Begoña Pérez Gómez, Ivica Vilibić, Jadranka Šepić, Iva Međugorac, Matjaž Ličer, Laurent Testut, Claire Fraboul, Marta Marcos, Hassen Abdellaoui, Enrique Álvarez Fanjul, Darko Barbalić, Benjamín Casas, Antonio Castaño-Tierno, Srđan Čupić, Aldo Drago, María Angeles Fraile, Daniele A. Galliano, Adam Gauci, Branislav Gloginja, Víctor Martín Guijarro, Maja Jeromel, Marcos Larrad Revuelto, Ayah Lazar, Ibrahim Haktan Keskin, Igor Medvedev, Abdelkader Menassri, Mohamed Aïssa Meslem, Hrvoje Mihanović, Sara Morucci, Dragos Niculescu, José Manuel Quijano de Benito, Josep Pascual, Atanas Palazov, Marco Picone, Fabio Raicich, Mohamed Said, Jordi Salat, Erdinc Sezen, Mehmet Simav, Georgios Sylaios, Elena Tel, Joaquín Tintoré, Klodian Zaimi, and George Zodiatis
Ocean Sci., 18, 997–1053, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-997-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-997-2022, 2022
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This description and mapping of coastal sea level monitoring networks in the Mediterranean and Black seas reveals the existence of 240 presently operational tide gauges. Information is provided about the type of sensor, time sampling, data availability, and ancillary measurements. An assessment of the fit-for-purpose status of the network is also included, along with recommendations to mitigate existing bottlenecks and improve the network, in a context of sea level rise and increasing extremes.
Natalia Belkin, Tamar Guy-Haim, Maxim Rubin-Blum, Ayah Lazar, Guy Sisma-Ventura, Rainer Kiko, Arseniy R. Morov, Tal Ozer, Isaac Gertman, Barak Herut, and Eyal Rahav
Ocean Sci., 18, 693–715, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-693-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-693-2022, 2022
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We studied how distinct water circulations that elevate (cyclone) or descend (anticyclone) water from the upper ocean affect the biomass, activity and diversity of planktonic microorganisms in the impoverished eastern Mediterranean. We show that cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies differ in their community composition and production. Moreover, the anticyclone may be a potential bio-invasion and dispersal vector, while the cyclone may serve as a thermal refugee for native species.
Alexandre Barboni, Ayah Lazar, Alexandre Stegner, and Evangelos Moschos
Ocean Sci., 17, 1231–1250, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1231-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1231-2021, 2021
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Mesoscale eddies are an important part of the turbulent motion in the oceans, constituting coherent structures that can live for years and store physical property anomalies. Analysis of anticyclone (clockwise-rotating eddies) tracks in the eastern Levantine Basin revealed statistical patterns over 19 years of data, in particular the presence of an anticyclone attractor above the Eratosthenes Seamount, with a strong heat content signature.
Kaushal Gianchandani, Hezi Gildor, and Nathan Paldor
Ocean Sci., 17, 351–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-351-2021, 2021
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The classical theories of the western boundary currents, proposed in the first half of the 20th century, are extended to include cases of zonally elongated and meridionally narrow ocean basins. Results show for the first time that in basins that are sufficiently narrow meridionally, the equatorward wind-driven transport away from the western boundary is lower than that in meridionally wide basins. Our theoretical results are employed to explain the low transport in the East Australian Current.
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Short summary
This paper outlines the process of creating an open-access surface wave dataset, drawing from deep-sea research station observations located 50 km off the coast of Israel. The discussion covers the wave monitoring procedure, from instrument configuration to wave field retrieval, and aspects of quality assurance. The dataset presented spans over 5 years, offering uncommon in situ wave measurements in the deep sea, and addresses the existing gap in wave information within the region.
This paper outlines the process of creating an open-access surface wave dataset, drawing from...
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