Articles | Volume 16, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2501-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2501-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
| 
29 May 2024
Data description article |
| 29 May 2024
| 29 May 2024
MODIS daily cloud-gap-filled fractional snow cover dataset of the Asian Water Tower region (2000–2022)
Fangbo Pan
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Gongxue Wang
College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
Jinmei Pan
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Jinyu Huang
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Cheng Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Huizhen Cui
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Jianwei Yang
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Zhaojun Zheng
Satellite Meteorological Institute, National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
Shengli Wu
Satellite Meteorological Institute, National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
Jiancheng Shi
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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- Mapping snow cover frequency at 30 m for studying seasonal variations and topographic controls on the Tibetan Plateau G. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133303
- Quantitative analysis of factors driving the variations in snow cover fraction in the Qilian Mountains, China Z. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-025-0083-x
- MAT-MS: A mask-aware transformer for constructing gap-free MODIS normalized difference snow index products J. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2025.07.004
- Spatiotemporal variation of snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau based on the MODIS fractional snow cover product: 2000–2023 Y. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134474
- Daily seamless 30-m fractional snow cover mapping via an adaptive Time-Series approach C. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.105068
- Enduring local impact of springtime snow cover over the Third Pole C. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01264-w
- An Automatic Data-Driven Framework for AVHRR Long-Term Fractional Snow Cover Retrieval Using Dynamic High-Accuracy Training Samples From Landsat H. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3623793
- Introduction to a 45-year (1979–2023) global daily snow cover fraction product from multiple AVHRR satellites with accuracy assessment X. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115235
- Greek mountain snow cover halved in past four decades due to regional warming K. Alexopoulos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2209-2026
- Investigating snow cover duration changes based on a cloud-free snow cover product developed using a spatiotemporal cloud removal method for Northeast China D. Yan & Y. Zhang https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2497520
- Temperature Governs the Elevation Dependency of Snow Cover Changes in the Upper Reaches of the Yarkand River Basin X. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18010080
- Warming-driven runoff increase and shifted seasonality in the glacierized Hotan Basin in Central Asia X. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105579
- Integrating Physical Constraints Into Deep Learning for Enhanced Snow Depth Retrieval Over the Third Pole Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3598003
- Understanding Cryospheric Changes in Tropical Regions: Climate Change Impacts in the Rwenzori Mountains Using Satellite-Driven and Modeling Approaches V. Posite et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00616-z
- Glacier Melt Enhances Suspended Sediment and Mercury Export from the Tibetan Plateau M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c01369
- Downscaling and Gap-Filling GRACE-Based Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Using Deep Learning and Multi-Source Data J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17081333
- Optimizing Cloud Mask Accuracy over Snow-Covered Terrain with a Multistage Decision Tree Framework Q. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17243992
- Meteorology- and Topography-Constrained Downscaling of Snow Cover Fraction Over the Tibetan Plateau Z. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3699813
- Estimating AVHRR snow cover fraction by coupling physical constraints into a deep learning framework Q. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2024.08.015
- Exploring the Potential of AMSR2 for Fractional Snow Cover Retrieval Using Multivariate Machine Learning in Western China S. Meng et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3612362
- SRSDNet: Super-Resolution Snow Depth Retrieval and Mapping Over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau L. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3648297
- High-resolution snow water equivalent estimation derived from downscaled snow depth and non-constant snow density in Chinese Altai Mountains Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133708
- Accuracy assessment of cloud removal methods for Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow data in the Tianshan Mountains, China Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-025-0098-3
- U-SwinFusionNet: High Resolution Snow Cover Mapping on the Tibetan Plateau Based on FY-4A X. Kan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17050706
- Soil Moisture Retrieval Using Multi-Satellite Dual-Frequency GNSS-IR Considering Environmental Factors S. Nie et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18060917
- Advances and prospects in reconstruction approaches for snow cover mapping using polar-orbiting satellites J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1649808
- Development of a Daily Cloud-Free Snow-Cover Dataset Using MODIS-Based Snow-Cover Probability for High Mountain Asia during 2000–2020 D. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162956
- An Effective Geographically Localized Snow Depth Downscaling Approach in Data-Scarce Mountainous Regions C. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3638357
- Multi-decadal snow cover assessment in the upper alaknanda river basin: integration of spectral unmixing, uncertainty quantification, and trend analysis V. Rawat et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2026.2700644
- A long-term daily 500 m snow cover extent product over China (1981–2000) Y. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2026.2648197
- ChinaAI-FSC: a comprehensive AI-ready MODIS fractional snow cover dataset for China (2000–2022) J. Hou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1995-2026
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Impact of Autumn Snowfall on Vegetation Indices and Autumn Phenology Estimation Y. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244783
- Mapping snow cover frequency at 30 m for studying seasonal variations and topographic controls on the Tibetan Plateau G. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133303
- Quantitative analysis of factors driving the variations in snow cover fraction in the Qilian Mountains, China Z. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-025-0083-x
- MAT-MS: A mask-aware transformer for constructing gap-free MODIS normalized difference snow index products J. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2025.07.004
- Spatiotemporal variation of snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau based on the MODIS fractional snow cover product: 2000–2023 Y. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134474
- Daily seamless 30-m fractional snow cover mapping via an adaptive Time-Series approach C. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.105068
- Enduring local impact of springtime snow cover over the Third Pole C. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01264-w
- An Automatic Data-Driven Framework for AVHRR Long-Term Fractional Snow Cover Retrieval Using Dynamic High-Accuracy Training Samples From Landsat H. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3623793
- Introduction to a 45-year (1979–2023) global daily snow cover fraction product from multiple AVHRR satellites with accuracy assessment X. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115235
- Greek mountain snow cover halved in past four decades due to regional warming K. Alexopoulos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2209-2026
- Investigating snow cover duration changes based on a cloud-free snow cover product developed using a spatiotemporal cloud removal method for Northeast China D. Yan & Y. Zhang https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2497520
- Temperature Governs the Elevation Dependency of Snow Cover Changes in the Upper Reaches of the Yarkand River Basin X. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18010080
- Warming-driven runoff increase and shifted seasonality in the glacierized Hotan Basin in Central Asia X. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105579
- Integrating Physical Constraints Into Deep Learning for Enhanced Snow Depth Retrieval Over the Third Pole Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3598003
- Understanding Cryospheric Changes in Tropical Regions: Climate Change Impacts in the Rwenzori Mountains Using Satellite-Driven and Modeling Approaches V. Posite et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00616-z
- Glacier Melt Enhances Suspended Sediment and Mercury Export from the Tibetan Plateau M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c01369
- Downscaling and Gap-Filling GRACE-Based Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Using Deep Learning and Multi-Source Data J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17081333
- Optimizing Cloud Mask Accuracy over Snow-Covered Terrain with a Multistage Decision Tree Framework Q. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17243992
- Meteorology- and Topography-Constrained Downscaling of Snow Cover Fraction Over the Tibetan Plateau Z. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3699813
- Estimating AVHRR snow cover fraction by coupling physical constraints into a deep learning framework Q. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2024.08.015
- Exploring the Potential of AMSR2 for Fractional Snow Cover Retrieval Using Multivariate Machine Learning in Western China S. Meng et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3612362
- SRSDNet: Super-Resolution Snow Depth Retrieval and Mapping Over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau L. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3648297
- High-resolution snow water equivalent estimation derived from downscaled snow depth and non-constant snow density in Chinese Altai Mountains Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133708
- Accuracy assessment of cloud removal methods for Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow data in the Tianshan Mountains, China Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-025-0098-3
- U-SwinFusionNet: High Resolution Snow Cover Mapping on the Tibetan Plateau Based on FY-4A X. Kan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17050706
- Soil Moisture Retrieval Using Multi-Satellite Dual-Frequency GNSS-IR Considering Environmental Factors S. Nie et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18060917
- Advances and prospects in reconstruction approaches for snow cover mapping using polar-orbiting satellites J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1649808
- Development of a Daily Cloud-Free Snow-Cover Dataset Using MODIS-Based Snow-Cover Probability for High Mountain Asia during 2000–2020 D. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162956
- An Effective Geographically Localized Snow Depth Downscaling Approach in Data-Scarce Mountainous Regions C. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3638357
- Multi-decadal snow cover assessment in the upper alaknanda river basin: integration of spectral unmixing, uncertainty quantification, and trend analysis V. Rawat et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2026.2700644
- A long-term daily 500 m snow cover extent product over China (1981–2000) Y. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2026.2648197
- ChinaAI-FSC: a comprehensive AI-ready MODIS fractional snow cover dataset for China (2000–2022) J. Hou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1995-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Jul 2026
Short summary
It is important to strengthen the continuous monitoring of snow cover as a key indicator of imbalance in the Asian Water Tower (AWT) region. We generate long-term daily gap-free fractional snow cover products over the AWT at 0.005° resolution from 2000 to 2022 based on the multiple-endmember spectral mixture analysis algorithm and the gap-filling algorithm. They can provide highly accurate, quantitative fractional snow cover information for subsequent studies on hydrology and climate.
It is important to strengthen the continuous monitoring of snow cover as a key indicator of...
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