In 2023, Rio de Janeiro experienced record-breaking heat waves linked to climate change and El Niño. Our study shows that global warming made these extreme temperatures at least 2 °C hotter than in pre-industrial times. Heat-related deaths surged, with climate change contributing to one in three fatalities during the peak event. Without adaptation, future heat waves will claim even more lives. This underscores the urgent need for policies to mitigate climate impacts from escalating heat threats.

Our study created a unique database that tracks vegetation health across Spain and the Balearic Islands from 1981 to now, updated every two weeks. By using satellite images from multiple sources, we provide accurate and consistent data that helps detect changes in vegetation due to factors like fires. This tool is crucial for farmers, environmental managers, and policymakers to monitor and protect plant life, ensuring better management of natural resources and agricultural productivity.