Articles | Volume 14, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3167-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3167-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth during the Holocene (past 11 500 years) from a bipolar ice-core array
Michael Sigl
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern,
3012 Bern, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Matthew Toohey
Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, Department of Physics &
Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A2 Saskatoon, Canada
Joseph R. McConnell
Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute,
Reno, NV 89512, USA
Jihong Cole-Dai
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State
University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
Mirko Severi
Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019
Florence, Italy
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Cited
86 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of major tropical volcanic eruptions on air temperatures in the Middle East G. Roshan et al.
- First Pediastrum–temperature transfer function and its application to mid-to-late Holocene reconstruction in Central Asia L. Xiang et al.
- Initial atmospheric conditions control transport of volcanic volatiles, forcing and impacts Z. Zhuo et al.
- ModE-Sim – a medium-sized atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) ensemble to study climate variability during the modern era (1420 to 2009) R. Hand et al.
- Drivers of late Holocene ice core chemistry in Dronning Maud Land: the context for the ISOL-ICE project V. Winton et al.
- Prehistoric population expansion in Central Asia promoted by the Altai Holocene Climatic Optimum L. Xiang et al.
- Indicators of Global Climate Change 2022: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence P. Forster et al.
- Eruption plumes extended more than 30 km in altitude in both phases of the Millennium eruption of Paektu (Changbaishan) volcano A. Costa et al.
- Volcanic forcing of high-latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions H. Fuglestvedt et al.
- Changes in Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone frequency following volcanic eruptions L. Andreasen et al.
- Multidecadal hydroclimate responses to volcanic forcing in the Mid-Holocene S. Azharuddin et al.
- Impacts of major volcanic eruptions over the past two millennia on both global and Chinese climates: A review W. Sun et al.
- High-frequency climate forcing causes prolonged cold periods in the Holocene E. van Dijk et al.
- Ice core evidence for major volcanic eruptions at the onset of Dansgaard–Oeschger warming events J. Lohmann & A. Svensson
- Multi-centennial Holocene climate variability in proxy records and transient model simulations T. Askjær et al.
- Reconstructing Holocene centennial cooling events: synthesized temperature changes, chronology, and forcing in the Northern Hemisphere S. Gorbarenko et al.
- Pulsatory volcanism in the Main Ethiopian Rift and its environmental consequences Z. Franceschini et al.
- New evidence on the microstructural localization of sulfur and chlorine in polar ice cores with implications for impurity diffusion P. Bohleber et al.
- An analysis of Δ36S/Δ33S dependence on definitions of sulfur mass-independent fractionation Y. Endo et al.
- A possible volcanic origin for the Greenland ice core Pt anomaly near the Bølling-Allerød/Younger Dryas boundary C. Green et al.
- Climate-driven changes in Mediterranean grain trade mitigated famine but introduced the Black Death to medieval Europe M. Bauch & U. Büntgen
- Volcanic activity modulated Holocene extreme hydroclimate events in monsoonal Asia W. Sun et al.
- A 15,000-year Temperature record from the northern boundary of the east asian summer monsoon based on lacustrine brGDGTs N. Zhan et al.
- Arctic warming from a high-latitude effusive volcanic eruption T. Zoëga et al.
- Huge submarine eruptions impact global climate but produce low atmospheric sulfur outputs
- Early warning signals of the termination of the African Humid Period(s) M. Trauth et al.
- Volcanic glass from the 1.8 ka Taupō eruption (New Zealand) detected in Antarctic ice at ~ 230 CE S. Piva et al.
- Lunar eclipses illuminate timing and climate impact of medieval volcanism S. Guillet et al.
- Constraining the timing and climate forcing of the Long Island (Papua New Guinea) and Tarumae (Japan) eruptions and other 17th century volcanic eruptions I. Gabriel et al.
- Atmospheric Processes over the Broader Mediterranean Region 1980–2024: Effect of Volcanoes, Solar Activity, NAO, and ENSO H. Kambezidis
- Mid-to Late Holocene East Antarctic ice-core tephrochronology: Implications for reconstructing volcanic eruptions and assessing their climatic impacts over the last 5,500 years P. Abbott et al.
- The 1831 CE mystery eruption identified as Zavaritskii caldera, Simushir Island (Kurils) W. Hutchison et al.
- State-dependent impact of major volcanic eruptions observed in ice-core records of the last glacial period J. Lohmann et al.
- 火山喷发机制、气候效应及火山地球工程 C. Ma et al.
- A multi-millennial record of rock glacier ice chemistry (Lazaun, Italy) U. Nickus et al.
- Climate Projections Very Likely Underestimate Future Volcanic Forcing and Its Climatic Effects M. Chim et al.
- Using reduced-complexity volcanic aerosol and climate models to produce large ensemble simulations of Holocene temperature M. Verkerk et al.
- Low sulfur emissions from 2022 Hunga eruption due to seawater–magma interactions J. Wu et al.
- Major Holocene cryptotephras layers identified from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea: Implications for regional volcanic eruptions and environmental changes C. Sun et al.
- Unprecedented recent summer warming and cross-sphere hydrological coupling in Asian Water Towers Y. Chen et al.
- Volcanic Eruptions: A Source of Irreducible Uncertainty for Future Climates D. Zanchettin
- Exploiting the Greenland volcanic ash repository to date caldera-forming eruptions and widespread isochrons during the Holocene S. Davies et al.
- Climate and human-induced variability in Holocene Lower Meuse deposition (the Netherlands) identified from the meta-analysis of radiometric data W. Toonen et al.
- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOLAR AND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURES OF EURASIA IN THE 4TH–1ST MILLENNIA BC S. GRIGORIEV
- A climate for the Khans: reinterpreting the economic history of the Khivan Khanate with paleoenvironmental evidence A. Khaliyarov & H. Misa
- High mid-Holocene accumulation rates over West Antarctica inferred from a pervasive ice-penetrating radar reflector J. Bodart et al.
- Ice core evidence for the Los Chocoyos supereruption disputes millennial-scale climate impact H. Innes et al.
- Sun stones and the darkened sun: Neolithic miniature art from the island of Bornholm, Denmark R. Iversen et al.
- Climate simulations and ice core data highlight the Holocene conundrum over tropical mountains Y. Bao et al.
- Frequency of large volcanic eruptions over the past 200 000 years E. Wolff et al.
- The Holocene history of Arsine Glacier (Western European Alps): a detailed 10Be record of oscillations driven by climate and modulated by rock avalanches M. Le Roy et al.
- The 239Pu nuclear fallout as recorded in an Antarctic ice core drilled at Dome C (East Antarctica) M. Severi et al.
- Western Mongolian Plateau exhibits increasing Holocene temperature C. Huang et al.
- The significance of volcanic ash in Greenland ice cores during the Common Era G. Plunkett et al.
- Fertility Decrease and Rising Volcanic Activity Can Stop Global Warming V. Klimenko et al.
- A frequency-optimised temperature record for the Holocene H. Essell et al.
- Green Sahara tipping points in transient climate model simulations of the Holocene P. Hopcroft & P. Valdes
- It's time to consider global catastrophic food failures N. Wescombe et al.
- The Role of Small to Moderate Volcanic Eruptions in the Early 19th Century Climate S. Fang et al.
- Neglecting future sporadic volcanic eruptions underestimates climate uncertainty M. Chim et al.
- Redox and magma recharge controls on excess sulfur build-up at Mount Samalas, 1257 CE S. Ding et al.
- Global wood anatomical perspective on the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) in the mid-6th century CE U. Büntgen et al.
- Environmental Changes in Antarctica Using a Shallow Ice Core from Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica A. Verma et al.
- PalVol v1: a proxy-based semi-stochastic ensemble reconstruction of volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection for the last glacial cycle (140 000–50 BP) J. Schindlbeck-Belo et al.
- Ultra-distal tephra deposits and Bayesian modelling constrain a variable marine radiocarbon offset in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland A. Monteath et al.
- Tree-ring anomalies as time markers for ice-core chronologies, with special reference to 5281 BCE as the possible date of the Kikai volcanic event V. Bessonova et al.
- Paleoclimate Perspectives on Contemporary Climate Change S. Harrison et al.
- Relative importance of forcings and feedbacks in the Holocene temperature conundrum P. Hopcroft et al.
- Review article: AntArchitecture – building an age–depth model from Antarctica's radiostratigraphy to explore ice-sheet evolution R. Bingham et al.
- Wetter or drier? Paleohydrological evidence from a 30-year resolution Holocene biomarker δD record from Moossee, Switzerland M. Prochnow et al.
- Recent summer warming over the western Mediterranean region is unprecedented since medieval times U. Büntgen et al.
- Revisiting the Holocene global temperature conundrum D. Kaufman & E. Broadman
- Evidence of the weakly stratified crystalline magma feeding an explosive Plinian eruption: A case study of the Holocene ‘Malalak Tephra’ deposit Tandikat volcano, West Sumatra, Indonesia I. Suhendro
- Volcanism-induced collapse and recovery of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation under glacial conditions G. Vettoretti et al.
- Holocene relative water level and storminess variation recorded in the coastal peat bogs of the Vistula Lagoon, southern Baltic Sea S. Uścinowicz et al.
- Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period I. Gabriel et al.
- Patterns of changing surface climate variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to present in transient model simulations E. Ziegler et al.
- The ST22 chronology for the Skytrain Ice Rise ice core – Part 2: An age model to the last interglacial and disturbed deep stratigraphy R. Mulvaney et al.
- Stratospheric residence time and the lifetime of volcanic stratospheric aerosols M. Toohey et al.
- Effective diffusivity of sulfuric acid in Antarctic ice cores T. Fudge et al.
- Spatial heterogeneity of the Holocene winter temperature in mid-latitude Asia C. Huang et al.
- Dynamic treeline and cryosphere response to pronounced mid-Holocene climatic variability in the US Rocky Mountains G. Pederson et al.
- Temporal variations of surface mass balance over the last 5000 years around Dome Fuji, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica I. Oyabu et al.
- Assessing the impact of very large volcanic eruptions on the risk of extreme climate events N. Freychet et al.
- Growth rates of coral reefs peaked at 25 °C through the Holocene T. Macedo et al.
- Frost rings as time markers in Northern Hemisphere tree-ring chronologies, with special reference to the 1627 BC and AD 536 events S. Helama
86 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of major tropical volcanic eruptions on air temperatures in the Middle East G. Roshan et al.
- First Pediastrum–temperature transfer function and its application to mid-to-late Holocene reconstruction in Central Asia L. Xiang et al.
- Initial atmospheric conditions control transport of volcanic volatiles, forcing and impacts Z. Zhuo et al.
- ModE-Sim – a medium-sized atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) ensemble to study climate variability during the modern era (1420 to 2009) R. Hand et al.
- Drivers of late Holocene ice core chemistry in Dronning Maud Land: the context for the ISOL-ICE project V. Winton et al.
- Prehistoric population expansion in Central Asia promoted by the Altai Holocene Climatic Optimum L. Xiang et al.
- Indicators of Global Climate Change 2022: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence P. Forster et al.
- Eruption plumes extended more than 30 km in altitude in both phases of the Millennium eruption of Paektu (Changbaishan) volcano A. Costa et al.
- Volcanic forcing of high-latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions H. Fuglestvedt et al.
- Changes in Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone frequency following volcanic eruptions L. Andreasen et al.
- Multidecadal hydroclimate responses to volcanic forcing in the Mid-Holocene S. Azharuddin et al.
- Impacts of major volcanic eruptions over the past two millennia on both global and Chinese climates: A review W. Sun et al.
- High-frequency climate forcing causes prolonged cold periods in the Holocene E. van Dijk et al.
- Ice core evidence for major volcanic eruptions at the onset of Dansgaard–Oeschger warming events J. Lohmann & A. Svensson
- Multi-centennial Holocene climate variability in proxy records and transient model simulations T. Askjær et al.
- Reconstructing Holocene centennial cooling events: synthesized temperature changes, chronology, and forcing in the Northern Hemisphere S. Gorbarenko et al.
- Pulsatory volcanism in the Main Ethiopian Rift and its environmental consequences Z. Franceschini et al.
- New evidence on the microstructural localization of sulfur and chlorine in polar ice cores with implications for impurity diffusion P. Bohleber et al.
- An analysis of Δ36S/Δ33S dependence on definitions of sulfur mass-independent fractionation Y. Endo et al.
- A possible volcanic origin for the Greenland ice core Pt anomaly near the Bølling-Allerød/Younger Dryas boundary C. Green et al.
- Climate-driven changes in Mediterranean grain trade mitigated famine but introduced the Black Death to medieval Europe M. Bauch & U. Büntgen
- Volcanic activity modulated Holocene extreme hydroclimate events in monsoonal Asia W. Sun et al.
- A 15,000-year Temperature record from the northern boundary of the east asian summer monsoon based on lacustrine brGDGTs N. Zhan et al.
- Arctic warming from a high-latitude effusive volcanic eruption T. Zoëga et al.
- Huge submarine eruptions impact global climate but produce low atmospheric sulfur outputs
- Early warning signals of the termination of the African Humid Period(s) M. Trauth et al.
- Volcanic glass from the 1.8 ka Taupō eruption (New Zealand) detected in Antarctic ice at ~ 230 CE S. Piva et al.
- Lunar eclipses illuminate timing and climate impact of medieval volcanism S. Guillet et al.
- Constraining the timing and climate forcing of the Long Island (Papua New Guinea) and Tarumae (Japan) eruptions and other 17th century volcanic eruptions I. Gabriel et al.
- Atmospheric Processes over the Broader Mediterranean Region 1980–2024: Effect of Volcanoes, Solar Activity, NAO, and ENSO H. Kambezidis
- Mid-to Late Holocene East Antarctic ice-core tephrochronology: Implications for reconstructing volcanic eruptions and assessing their climatic impacts over the last 5,500 years P. Abbott et al.
- The 1831 CE mystery eruption identified as Zavaritskii caldera, Simushir Island (Kurils) W. Hutchison et al.
- State-dependent impact of major volcanic eruptions observed in ice-core records of the last glacial period J. Lohmann et al.
- 火山喷发机制、气候效应及火山地球工程 C. Ma et al.
- A multi-millennial record of rock glacier ice chemistry (Lazaun, Italy) U. Nickus et al.
- Climate Projections Very Likely Underestimate Future Volcanic Forcing and Its Climatic Effects M. Chim et al.
- Using reduced-complexity volcanic aerosol and climate models to produce large ensemble simulations of Holocene temperature M. Verkerk et al.
- Low sulfur emissions from 2022 Hunga eruption due to seawater–magma interactions J. Wu et al.
- Major Holocene cryptotephras layers identified from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea: Implications for regional volcanic eruptions and environmental changes C. Sun et al.
- Unprecedented recent summer warming and cross-sphere hydrological coupling in Asian Water Towers Y. Chen et al.
- Volcanic Eruptions: A Source of Irreducible Uncertainty for Future Climates D. Zanchettin
- Exploiting the Greenland volcanic ash repository to date caldera-forming eruptions and widespread isochrons during the Holocene S. Davies et al.
- Climate and human-induced variability in Holocene Lower Meuse deposition (the Netherlands) identified from the meta-analysis of radiometric data W. Toonen et al.
- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOLAR AND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURES OF EURASIA IN THE 4TH–1ST MILLENNIA BC S. GRIGORIEV
- A climate for the Khans: reinterpreting the economic history of the Khivan Khanate with paleoenvironmental evidence A. Khaliyarov & H. Misa
- High mid-Holocene accumulation rates over West Antarctica inferred from a pervasive ice-penetrating radar reflector J. Bodart et al.
- Ice core evidence for the Los Chocoyos supereruption disputes millennial-scale climate impact H. Innes et al.
- Sun stones and the darkened sun: Neolithic miniature art from the island of Bornholm, Denmark R. Iversen et al.
- Climate simulations and ice core data highlight the Holocene conundrum over tropical mountains Y. Bao et al.
- Frequency of large volcanic eruptions over the past 200 000 years E. Wolff et al.
- The Holocene history of Arsine Glacier (Western European Alps): a detailed 10Be record of oscillations driven by climate and modulated by rock avalanches M. Le Roy et al.
- The 239Pu nuclear fallout as recorded in an Antarctic ice core drilled at Dome C (East Antarctica) M. Severi et al.
- Western Mongolian Plateau exhibits increasing Holocene temperature C. Huang et al.
- The significance of volcanic ash in Greenland ice cores during the Common Era G. Plunkett et al.
- Fertility Decrease and Rising Volcanic Activity Can Stop Global Warming V. Klimenko et al.
- A frequency-optimised temperature record for the Holocene H. Essell et al.
- Green Sahara tipping points in transient climate model simulations of the Holocene P. Hopcroft & P. Valdes
- It's time to consider global catastrophic food failures N. Wescombe et al.
- The Role of Small to Moderate Volcanic Eruptions in the Early 19th Century Climate S. Fang et al.
- Neglecting future sporadic volcanic eruptions underestimates climate uncertainty M. Chim et al.
- Redox and magma recharge controls on excess sulfur build-up at Mount Samalas, 1257 CE S. Ding et al.
- Global wood anatomical perspective on the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) in the mid-6th century CE U. Büntgen et al.
- Environmental Changes in Antarctica Using a Shallow Ice Core from Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica A. Verma et al.
- PalVol v1: a proxy-based semi-stochastic ensemble reconstruction of volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection for the last glacial cycle (140 000–50 BP) J. Schindlbeck-Belo et al.
- Ultra-distal tephra deposits and Bayesian modelling constrain a variable marine radiocarbon offset in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland A. Monteath et al.
- Tree-ring anomalies as time markers for ice-core chronologies, with special reference to 5281 BCE as the possible date of the Kikai volcanic event V. Bessonova et al.
- Paleoclimate Perspectives on Contemporary Climate Change S. Harrison et al.
- Relative importance of forcings and feedbacks in the Holocene temperature conundrum P. Hopcroft et al.
- Review article: AntArchitecture – building an age–depth model from Antarctica's radiostratigraphy to explore ice-sheet evolution R. Bingham et al.
- Wetter or drier? Paleohydrological evidence from a 30-year resolution Holocene biomarker δD record from Moossee, Switzerland M. Prochnow et al.
- Recent summer warming over the western Mediterranean region is unprecedented since medieval times U. Büntgen et al.
- Revisiting the Holocene global temperature conundrum D. Kaufman & E. Broadman
- Evidence of the weakly stratified crystalline magma feeding an explosive Plinian eruption: A case study of the Holocene ‘Malalak Tephra’ deposit Tandikat volcano, West Sumatra, Indonesia I. Suhendro
- Volcanism-induced collapse and recovery of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation under glacial conditions G. Vettoretti et al.
- Holocene relative water level and storminess variation recorded in the coastal peat bogs of the Vistula Lagoon, southern Baltic Sea S. Uścinowicz et al.
- Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period I. Gabriel et al.
- Patterns of changing surface climate variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to present in transient model simulations E. Ziegler et al.
- The ST22 chronology for the Skytrain Ice Rise ice core – Part 2: An age model to the last interglacial and disturbed deep stratigraphy R. Mulvaney et al.
- Stratospheric residence time and the lifetime of volcanic stratospheric aerosols M. Toohey et al.
- Effective diffusivity of sulfuric acid in Antarctic ice cores T. Fudge et al.
- Spatial heterogeneity of the Holocene winter temperature in mid-latitude Asia C. Huang et al.
- Dynamic treeline and cryosphere response to pronounced mid-Holocene climatic variability in the US Rocky Mountains G. Pederson et al.
- Temporal variations of surface mass balance over the last 5000 years around Dome Fuji, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica I. Oyabu et al.
- Assessing the impact of very large volcanic eruptions on the risk of extreme climate events N. Freychet et al.
- Growth rates of coral reefs peaked at 25 °C through the Holocene T. Macedo et al.
- Frost rings as time markers in Northern Hemisphere tree-ring chronologies, with special reference to the 1627 BC and AD 536 events S. Helama
Saved (final revised paper)
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Apr 2026
Short summary
Volcanism is a key driver of climate. Based on ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, we reconstruct its climate impact potential over the Holocene. By aligning records on a well-dated chronology from Antarctica, we resolve long-standing inconsistencies in the dating of past volcanic eruptions. We reconstruct 850 eruptions (which, in total, injected 7410 Tg of sulfur in the stratosphere) and estimate how they changed the opacity of the atmosphere, a prerequisite for climate model simulations.
Volcanism is a key driver of climate. Based on ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, we...
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