Articles | Volume 13, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5663-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5663-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
07 Dec 2021
Data description paper |
| 07 Dec 2021
| 07 Dec 2021
Next generation of Bluelink ocean reanalysis with multiscale data assimilation: BRAN2020
Matthew A. Chamberlain
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
Peter R. Oke
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
Russell A. S. Fiedler
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
Helen M. Beggs
Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Gary B. Brassington
Bureau of Meteorology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Prasanth Divakaran
Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Vivek K. Arora, Anna Katavouta, Richard G. Williams, Chris D. Jones, Victor Brovkin, Pierre Friedlingstein, Jörg Schwinger, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Boucher, Patricia Cadule, Matthew A. Chamberlain, James R. Christian, Christine Delire, Rosie A. Fisher, Tomohiro Hajima, Tatiana Ilyina, Emilie Joetzjer, Michio Kawamiya, Charles D. Koven, John P. Krasting, Rachel M. Law, David M. Lawrence, Andrew Lenton, Keith Lindsay, Julia Pongratz, Thomas Raddatz, Roland Séférian, Kaoru Tachiiri, Jerry F. Tjiputra, Andy Wiltshire, Tongwen Wu, and Tilo Ziehn
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Lester Kwiatkowski, Olivier Torres, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Aumont, Matthew Chamberlain, James R. Christian, John P. Dunne, Marion Gehlen, Tatiana Ilyina, Jasmin G. John, Andrew Lenton, Hongmei Li, Nicole S. Lovenduski, James C. Orr, Julien Palmieri, Yeray Santana-Falcón, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Charles A. Stock, Alessandro Tagliabue, Yohei Takano, Jerry Tjiputra, Katsuya Toyama, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, and Tilo Ziehn
Biogeosciences, 17, 3439–3470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, 2020
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We assess 21st century projections of marine biogeochemistry in the CMIP6 Earth system models. These models represent the most up-to-date understanding of climate change. The models generally project greater surface ocean warming, acidification, subsurface deoxygenation, and euphotic nitrate reductions but lesser primary production declines than the previous generation of models. This has major implications for the impact of anthropogenic climate change on marine ecosystems.
Andrew E. Kiss, Andrew McC. Hogg, Nicholas Hannah, Fabio Boeira Dias, Gary B. Brassington, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Christopher Chapman, Peter Dobrohotoff, Catia M. Domingues, Earl R. Duran, Matthew H. England, Russell Fiedler, Stephen M. Griffies, Aidan Heerdegen, Petra Heil, Ryan M. Holmes, Andreas Klocker, Simon J. Marsland, Adele K. Morrison, James Munroe, Maxim Nikurashin, Peter R. Oke, Gabriela S. Pilo, Océane Richet, Abhishek Savita, Paul Spence, Kial D. Stewart, Marshall L. Ward, Fanghua Wu, and Xihan Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 401–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-401-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-401-2020, 2020
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We describe new computer model configurations which simulate the global ocean and sea ice at three resolutions. The coarsest resolution is suitable for multi-century climate projection experiments, whereas the finest resolution is designed for more detailed studies over time spans of decades. The paper provides technical details of the model configurations and an assessment of their performance relative to observations.
Rachel M. Law, Tilo Ziehn, Richard J. Matear, Andrew Lenton, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Lauren E. Stevens, Ying-Ping Wang, Jhan Srbinovsky, Daohua Bi, Hailin Yan, and Peter F. Vohralik
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2567–2590, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2567-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2567-2017, 2017
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The paper describes a version of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator that has been enabled to simulate the carbon cycle, which is designated ACCESS-ESM1. The model performance for pre-industrial conditions is assessed and land and ocean carbon fluxes are found to be simulated realistically.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Hongmei Li, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Almut Arneth, Vivek Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Carla F. Berghoff, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Patricia Cadule, Katie Campbell, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Thomas Colligan, Jeanne Decayeux, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Carolina Duran Rojas, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Amanda R. Fay, Richard A. Feely, Daniel J. Ford, Adrianna Foster, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul K. Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Xin Lan, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Zhu Liu, Junjie Liu, Lei Ma, Shamil Maksyutov, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, Eric J. Morgan, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Craig Neill, Yosuke Niwa, Tobias Nützel, Lea Olivier, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Denis Pierrot, Zhangcai Qin, Laure Resplandy, Alizée Roobaert, Thais M. Rosan, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Roland Séférian, Shintaro Takao, Hiroaki Tatebe, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Olivier Torres, Etienne Tourigny, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido van der Werf, Rik Wanninkhof, Xuhui Wang, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Zhen Yu, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Ning Zeng, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 965–1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025, 2025
Short summary
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The Global Carbon Budget 2024 describes the methodology, main results, and datasets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2024). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Pearse James Buchanan, P. Jyoteeshkumar Reddy, Richard J. Matear, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Tyler Rohr, Dougal Squire, and Elizabeth H. Shadwick
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4026, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4026, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a cost-effective method to improve ocean models for studying the global carbon cycle. Using machine learning, we optimized parameters in the WOMBAT-lite model, enhancing its accuracy in predicting chlorophyll levels, air-sea carbon dioxide exchange, and phytoplankton nutrient use. This approach increases model reliability and offers a pathway for scientists to better understand and predict ocean changes, contributing to improved insights into Earth's climate system.
Andrew D. King, Tilo Ziehn, Matthew Chamberlain, Alexander R. Borowiak, Josephine R. Brown, Liam Cassidy, Andrea J. Dittus, Michael Grose, Nicola Maher, Seungmok Paik, Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick, and Aditya Sengupta
Earth Syst. Dynam., 15, 1353–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-1353-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-1353-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Governments are targeting net-zero emissions later this century with the aim of limiting global warming in line with the Paris Agreement. However, few studies explore the long-term consequences of reaching net-zero emissions and the effects of a delay in reaching net-zero. We use the Australian Earth system model to examine climate evolution under net-zero emissions. We find substantial changes which differ regionally, including continued Southern Ocean warming and Antarctic sea ice reduction.
Bartholomé Duboc, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Babette Hoogakker, Tilo Ziehn, and Matthew Chamberlain
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2675, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2675, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use an Earth System Model to simulate ocean oxygen during two past warm periods, the Last Interglacial (~129–115 ka) and Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 9e (~336-321 ka). The global ocean is overall less oxygenated compared to the preindustrial simulation. Large regions in the Mediterranean Sea are oxygen deprived in the Last Interglacial simulation, and to a lesser extent in the MIS 9e simulation, due to an intensification and expansion of the African Monsoon and enhanced river run-off.
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, and Matthew A. Chamberlain
Biogeosciences, 21, 3373–3400, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3373-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3373-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How do perpetually slower and warmer oceans sequester carbon? Compared to the preindustrial state, we find that biological productivity declines despite warming-stimulated growth because of a lower nutrient supply from depth. This throttles the biological carbon pump, which still sequesters more carbon because it takes longer to return to the surface. The deep ocean is isolated from the surface, allowing more carbon from the atmosphere to pass through the ocean without contributing to biology.
Matthew A. Chamberlain, Tilo Ziehn, and Rachel M. Law
Biogeosciences, 21, 3053–3073, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3053-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3053-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper explores the climate processes that drive increasing global average temperatures in zero-emission commitment (ZEC) simulations despite decreasing atmospheric CO2. ACCESS-ESM1.5 shows the Southern Ocean to continue to warm locally in all ZEC simulations. In ZEC simulations that start after the emission of more than 1000 Pg of carbon, the influence of the Southern Ocean increases the global temperature.
Colette Gabrielle Kerry, Moninya Roughan, Shane Keating, David Gwyther, Gary Brassington, Adil Siripatana, and Joao Marcos A. C. Souza
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2359–2386, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2359-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2359-2024, 2024
Short summary
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Ocean forecasting relies on the combination of numerical models and ocean observations through data assimilation (DA). Here we assess the performance of two DA systems in a dynamic western boundary current, the East Australian Current, across a common modelling and observational framework. We show that the more advanced, time-dependent method outperforms the time-independent method for forecast horizons of 5 d. This advocates the use of advanced methods for highly variable oceanic regions.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Bertrand Decharme, Laurent Bopp, Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika, Patricia Cadule, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Xinyu Dou, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Daniel J. Ford, Thomas Gasser, Josefine Ghattas, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Fortunat Joos, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Xin Lan, Nathalie Lefèvre, Hongmei Li, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Lei Ma, Greg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Galen A. McKinley, Gesa Meyer, Eric J. Morgan, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Melf Paulsen, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Carter M. Powis, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Erik van Ooijen, Rik Wanninkhof, Michio Watanabe, Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5301–5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, 2023
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The Global Carbon Budget 2023 describes the methodology, main results, and data sets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2023). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Laurie C. Menviel, Paul Spence, Andrew E. Kiss, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Hakase Hayashida, Matthew H. England, and Darryn Waugh
Biogeosciences, 20, 4413–4431, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, 2023
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As the ocean absorbs 25% of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon, it is important to understand the impact of climate change on the flux of carbon between the ocean and the atmosphere. Here, we use a very high-resolution ocean, sea-ice, carbon cycle model to show that the capability of the Southern Ocean to uptake CO2 has decreased over the last 40 years due to a strengthening and poleward shift of the southern hemispheric westerlies. This trend is expected to continue over the coming century.
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau
Biogeosciences, 20, 2985–3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, 2023
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Modeling the ocean's carbon and oxygen cycles accurately is challenging. Parameter optimization improves the fit to observed tracers but can introduce artifacts in the biological pump. Organic-matter production and subsurface remineralization rates adjust to compensate for circulation biases, changing the pathways and timescales with which nutrients return to the surface. Circulation biases can thus strongly alter the system’s response to ecological change, even when parameters are optimized.
Alban Planchat, Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Torres, James R. Christian, Momme Butenschön, Tomas Lovato, Roland Séférian, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Olivier Aumont, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, Tatiana Ilyina, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, John P. Dunne, and Charles Stock
Biogeosciences, 20, 1195–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, 2023
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Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface waters. We review the representation of alkalinity and the associated calcium carbonate cycle in Earth system models. While many parameterizations remain present in the latest generation of models, there is a general improvement in the simulated alkalinity distribution. This improvement is related to an increase in the export of biotic calcium carbonate, which closer resembles observations.
Dipayan Choudhury, Laurie Menviel, Katrin J. Meissner, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Matthew Chamberlain, and Tilo Ziehn
Clim. Past, 18, 507–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-507-2022, 2022
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We investigate the effects of a warmer climate from the Earth's paleoclimate (last interglacial) on the marine carbon cycle of the Southern Ocean using a carbon-cycle-enabled state-of-the-art climate model. We find a 150 % increase in CO2 outgassing during this period, which results from competition between higher sea surface temperatures and weaker oceanic circulation. From this we unequivocally infer that the carbon uptake by the Southern Ocean will reduce under a future warming scenario.
Hakase Hayashida, Meibing Jin, Nadja S. Steiner, Neil C. Swart, Eiji Watanabe, Russell Fiedler, Andrew McC. Hogg, Andrew E. Kiss, Richard J. Matear, and Peter G. Strutton
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6847–6861, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6847-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6847-2021, 2021
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Ice algae are tiny plants like phytoplankton but they grow within sea ice. In polar regions, both phytoplankton and ice algae are the foundation of marine ecosystems and play an important role in taking up carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. However, state-of-the-art climate models typically do not include ice algae, and therefore their role in the climate system remains unclear. This project aims to address this knowledge gap by coordinating a set of experiments using sea-ice–ocean models.
Nicholas King-Hei Yeung, Laurie Menviel, Katrin J. Meissner, Andréa S. Taschetto, Tilo Ziehn, and Matthew Chamberlain
Clim. Past, 17, 869–885, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-869-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-869-2021, 2021
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The Last Interglacial period (LIG) is characterised by strong orbital forcing compared to the pre-industrial period (PI). This study compares the mean climate state of the LIG to the PI as simulated by the ACCESS-ESM1.5, with a focus on the southern hemispheric monsoons, which are shown to be consistently weakened. This is associated with cooler terrestrial conditions in austral summer due to decreased insolation, and greater pressure and subsidence over land from Hadley cell strengthening.
Masa Kageyama, Louise C. Sime, Marie Sicard, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Anne de Vernal, Ruediger Stein, David Schroeder, Irene Malmierca-Vallet, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Cecilia Bitz, Pascale Braconnot, Esther C. Brady, Jian Cao, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Danny Feltham, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. LeGrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Polina Morozova, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ryouta O'ishi, Silvana Ramos Buarque, David Salas y Melia, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Julienne Stroeve, Xiaoxu Shi, Bo Sun, Robert A. Tomas, Evgeny Volodin, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, Weipeng Zheng, and Tilo Ziehn
Clim. Past, 17, 37–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-37-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-37-2021, 2021
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The Last interglacial (ca. 127 000 years ago) is a period with increased summer insolation at high northern latitudes, resulting in a strong reduction in Arctic sea ice. The latest PMIP4-CMIP6 models all simulate this decrease, consistent with reconstructions. However, neither the models nor the reconstructions agree on the possibility of a seasonally ice-free Arctic. Work to clarify the reasons for this model divergence and the conflicting interpretations of the records will thus be needed.
Vivek K. Arora, Anna Katavouta, Richard G. Williams, Chris D. Jones, Victor Brovkin, Pierre Friedlingstein, Jörg Schwinger, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Boucher, Patricia Cadule, Matthew A. Chamberlain, James R. Christian, Christine Delire, Rosie A. Fisher, Tomohiro Hajima, Tatiana Ilyina, Emilie Joetzjer, Michio Kawamiya, Charles D. Koven, John P. Krasting, Rachel M. Law, David M. Lawrence, Andrew Lenton, Keith Lindsay, Julia Pongratz, Thomas Raddatz, Roland Séférian, Kaoru Tachiiri, Jerry F. Tjiputra, Andy Wiltshire, Tongwen Wu, and Tilo Ziehn
Biogeosciences, 17, 4173–4222, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4173-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4173-2020, 2020
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Since the preindustrial period, land and ocean have taken up about half of the carbon emitted into the atmosphere by humans. Comparison of different earth system models with the carbon cycle allows us to assess how carbon uptake by land and ocean differs among models. This yields an estimate of uncertainty in our understanding of how land and ocean respond to increasing atmospheric CO2. This paper summarizes results from two such model intercomparison projects that use an idealized scenario.
Lester Kwiatkowski, Olivier Torres, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Aumont, Matthew Chamberlain, James R. Christian, John P. Dunne, Marion Gehlen, Tatiana Ilyina, Jasmin G. John, Andrew Lenton, Hongmei Li, Nicole S. Lovenduski, James C. Orr, Julien Palmieri, Yeray Santana-Falcón, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Charles A. Stock, Alessandro Tagliabue, Yohei Takano, Jerry Tjiputra, Katsuya Toyama, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, and Tilo Ziehn
Biogeosciences, 17, 3439–3470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, 2020
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We assess 21st century projections of marine biogeochemistry in the CMIP6 Earth system models. These models represent the most up-to-date understanding of climate change. The models generally project greater surface ocean warming, acidification, subsurface deoxygenation, and euphotic nitrate reductions but lesser primary production declines than the previous generation of models. This has major implications for the impact of anthropogenic climate change on marine ecosystems.
Andrew E. Kiss, Andrew McC. Hogg, Nicholas Hannah, Fabio Boeira Dias, Gary B. Brassington, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Christopher Chapman, Peter Dobrohotoff, Catia M. Domingues, Earl R. Duran, Matthew H. England, Russell Fiedler, Stephen M. Griffies, Aidan Heerdegen, Petra Heil, Ryan M. Holmes, Andreas Klocker, Simon J. Marsland, Adele K. Morrison, James Munroe, Maxim Nikurashin, Peter R. Oke, Gabriela S. Pilo, Océane Richet, Abhishek Savita, Paul Spence, Kial D. Stewart, Marshall L. Ward, Fanghua Wu, and Xihan Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 401–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-401-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-401-2020, 2020
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We describe new computer model configurations which simulate the global ocean and sea ice at three resolutions. The coarsest resolution is suitable for multi-century climate projection experiments, whereas the finest resolution is designed for more detailed studies over time spans of decades. The paper provides technical details of the model configurations and an assessment of their performance relative to observations.
Daniel Boettger, Robin Robertson, and Gary B. Brassington
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 3795–3805, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3795-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3795-2018, 2018
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This study focuses on the impact of the model vertical mixing parameterisation on the representation of the mixed layer depth (MLD) in ocean forecast models. We compare data from two recent versions of the OceanMAPS forecast system, and find that while there were large improvements in the later version of the model, the skill of each parameterisation varies with spatial location.
Mabel Costa Calim, Paulo Nobre, Peter Oke, Andreas Schiller, Leo San Pedro Siqueira, and Guilherme Pimenta Castelão
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-5, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-5, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
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A new tool inspired on tides is introduced. The Spectral Taylor Diagram designed for evaluating and monitoring models performance in frequency domain calculates the degree of correspondence between simulated and observed fields for a given frequency (or a band of frequencies). It's a powerful tool to detect co-oscillating patterns in multi scale analysis, without using filtering techniques.
Rachel M. Law, Tilo Ziehn, Richard J. Matear, Andrew Lenton, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Lauren E. Stevens, Ying-Ping Wang, Jhan Srbinovsky, Daohua Bi, Hailin Yan, and Peter F. Vohralik
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2567–2590, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2567-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2567-2017, 2017
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The paper describes a version of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator that has been enabled to simulate the carbon cycle, which is designated ACCESS-ESM1. The model performance for pre-industrial conditions is assessed and land and ocean carbon fluxes are found to be simulated realistically.
Emlyn M. Jones, Mark E. Baird, Mathieu Mongin, John Parslow, Jenny Skerratt, Jenny Lovell, Nugzar Margvelashvili, Richard J. Matear, Karen Wild-Allen, Barbara Robson, Farhan Rizwi, Peter Oke, Edward King, Thomas Schroeder, Andy Steven, and John Taylor
Biogeosciences, 13, 6441–6469, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6441-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6441-2016, 2016
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Marine biogeochemical models are often used to understand water quality, nutrient and blue-carbon dynamics at scales that range from estuaries and bays, through to the global ocean. We introduce a new methodology allowing for the assimilation of observed remote sensing reflectances, avoiding the need to use empirically derived chlorophyll-a concentrations. This method opens up the possibility to assimilate of reflectances from a variety of missions and potentially non-satellite platforms.
Colette Kerry, Brian Powell, Moninya Roughan, and Peter Oke
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 3779–3801, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3779-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3779-2016, 2016
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Ocean circulation drives weather and climate and supports marine ecosystems, so providing accurate predictions is important. The ocean circulation is complex, 3-D and highly variable, and its prediction requires advanced numerical models combined with real-time measurements. Focusing on the dynamic East Austr. Current, we use novel mathematical techniques to combine an ocean model with measurements to better estimate the circulation. This is an important step towards improving ocean forecasts.
Peter R. Oke, Roger Proctor, Uwe Rosebrock, Richard Brinkman, Madeleine L. Cahill, Ian Coghlan, Prasanth Divakaran, Justin Freeman, Charitha Pattiaratchi, Moninya Roughan, Paul A. Sandery, Amandine Schaeffer, and Sarath Wijeratne
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 3297–3307, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3297-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3297-2016, 2016
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The Marine Virtual Laboratory (MARVL) is designed to help ocean modellers hit the ground running. Usually, setting up an ocean model involves a handful of technical steps that time and effort. MARVL provides a user-friendly interface that allows users to choose what options they want for their model, including the region, time period, and input data sets. The user then hits "go", and MARVL does the rest – delivering a "take-away bundle" that contains all the files needed to run the model.
X. Zhang, P. R. Oke, M. Feng, M. A. Chamberlain, J. A. Church, D. Monselesan, C. Sun, R. J. Matear, A. Schiller, and R. Fiedler
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2016-17, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2016-17, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
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Eddy-resolving global ocean models are highly desired, but expensive to run, and also subject to many problems including drift. Here we modified a near-global eddy-resolving OGCM for climate studies with some novel strategies. We demonstrated that the historical experiment driven by Japanese atmospheric reanalysis product, didn't have significant drifts, and also provided an eddy-resolving simulation of the global ocean over 1979–2014. Our experiences can be helpful to other modelling groups.
P. R. Oke, D. A. Griffin, A. Schiller, R. J. Matear, R. Fiedler, J. Mansbridge, A. Lenton, M. Cahill, M. A. Chamberlain, and K. Ridgway
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 591–615, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-591-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-591-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Physical oceanography
The International Altimetry Service 2024 (IAS2024) coastal sea level dataset and first evaluations
Global ocean surface heat fluxes derived from the maximum entropy production framework accounting for ocean heat storage and Bowen ratio adjustments
A European database of resources on coastal storm impacts
Multi-year observations of near-bed hydrodynamics and suspended sediment at the core of the estuarine turbidity maximum of the Changjiang Estuary
Surface current variability in the East Australian Current from long-term high-frequency radar observations
SDUST2023VGGA: a global ocean vertical gradient of gravity anomaly model determined from multidirectional data from mean sea surface
A new multi-grid bathymetric dataset of the Gulf of Naples (Italy) from complementary multi-beam echo sounders
A submesoscale eddy identification dataset in the northwest Pacific Ocean derived from GOCI I chlorophyll a data based on deep learning
MASCS 1.0: synchronous atmospheric and oceanic data from a cross-shaped moored array in the northern South China Sea during 2014–2015
Reprocessing of eXpendable BathyThermograph (XBT) profiles from the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas over the time period 1999–2019 with a full metadata upgrade
Coastal Atmosphere and Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and Bio-Optical mapping of Marine Properties (BiOMaP): the CoASTS-BiOMaP dataset
Spatio-temporal changes in China's mainland shorelines over 30 years using Landsat time series data (1990–2019)
ISASO2: recent trends and regional patterns of ocean dissolved oxygen change
Constructing a 22-year internal wave dataset for the northern South China Sea: spatiotemporal analysis using MODIS imagery and deep learning
Near-real-time atmospheric and oceanic science products of Himawari-8 and Himawari-9 geostationary satellites over the South China Sea
HHU24SWDSCS: A shallow-water depth model over island areas in South China Sea retrieved from Satellite-derived bathymetry
XBT data collected along the Southern Ocean “chokepoint” between New Zealand and Antarctica, 1994–2024
High-resolution observations of the ocean upper layer south of Cape St. Vincent, the western northern margin of the Gulf of Cádiz
Gap-filled subsurface mooring dataset off Western Australia during 2010–2023
Catalogue of coastal-based instances with bathymetric and topographic data
Oceanographic monitoring in Hornsund fjord, Svalbard
Salinity and Stratification at the Sea Ice Edge (SASSIE): an oceanographic field campaign in the Beaufort Sea
Weekly green tide mapping in the Yellow Sea with deep learning: integrating optical and synthetic aperture radar ocean imagery
A High Dense Temperature-Salinity Dataset Observed by Automatic Underwater Vehicles toward Mesoscale eddies’ Evolutions and Associated Submesoscale Processes in South China Sea
ASM-SS: The First Quasi-Global High Spatial Resolution Coastal Storm Surge Dataset Reconstructed from Tide Gauge Records
IAPv4 ocean temperature and ocean heat content gridded dataset
Probabilistic reconstruction of sea-level changes and their causes since 1900
Global Coastal Characteristics (GCC): a global dataset of geophysical, hydrodynamic, and socioeconomic coastal indicators
Insights from a topo-bathymetric and oceanographic dataset for coastal flooding studies: the French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo
Gap-filling techniques applied to the GOCI-derived daily sea surface salinity product for the Changjiang diluted water front in the East China Sea
A daily reconstructed chlorophyll-a dataset in the South China Sea from MODIS using OI-SwinUnet
Underwater light environment in Arctic fjords
Multiyear surface wave dataset from the subsurface “DeepLev” eastern Levantine moored station
SDUST2020MGCR: a global marine gravity change rate model determined from multi-satellite altimeter data
Lagrangian surface drifter observations in the North Sea: an overview of high-resolution tidal dynamics and surface currents
The physical and biogeochemical parameters along the coastal waters of Saudi Arabia during field surveys in summer, 2021
A Lagrangian coherent eddy atlas for biogeochemical applications in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Global marine gravity gradient tensor inverted from altimetry-derived deflections of the vertical: CUGB2023GRAD
Reconstruction of hourly coastal water levels and counterfactuals without sea level rise for impact attribution
3D reconstruction of horizontal and vertical quasi-geostrophic currents in the North Atlantic Ocean
Laboratory data linking the reconfiguration of and drag on individual plants to the velocity structure and wave dissipation over a meadow of salt marsh plants under waves with and without current
Exploring multi-decadal time series of temperature extremes in Australian coastal waters
Measurements of morphodynamics of a sheltered beach along the Dutch Wadden Sea
Lagoon hydrodynamics of pearl farming islands: the case of Gambier (French Polynesia)
Oceanographic dataset collected during the 2021 scientific expedition of the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Amundsen
Extension of a high temporal resolution sea level time series at Socoa (Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France) back to 1875
Hyperspectral reflectance of pristine, ocean weathered and biofouled plastics from a dry to wet and submerged state
Lagoon hydrodynamics of pearl farming atolls: the case of Raroia, Takapoto, Apataki and Takaroa (French Polynesia)
Measurements of nearshore ocean-surface kinematics through coherent arrays of free-drifting buoys
A Mediterranean drifter dataset
Fukai Peng, Xiaoli Deng, Yunzhong Shen, and Xiao Cheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1441–1460, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1441-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1441-2025, 2025
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A new reprocessed altimeter coastal sea level dataset, International Altimetry Service 2024 (IAS2024), for monitoring sea level changes along the world’s coastlines is presented. The evaluation and validation results confirm the reliability of this dataset. The altimeter-based virtual stations along the world’s coastlines can be built using this dataset to monitor the coastal sea level changes where tide gauges are unavailable. Therefore, it is beneficial for both oceanographic communities and policymakers.
Yong Yang, Huaiwei Sun, Jingfeng Wang, Wenxin Zhang, Gang Zhao, Weiguang Wang, Lei Cheng, Lu Chen, Hui Qin, and Zhanzhang Cai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1191–1216, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1191-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1191-2025, 2025
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Traditional methods for estimating ocean heat flux often introduce large uncertainties due to complex parameterizations. To tackle this issue, we developed a novel framework based on maximum entropy production (MEP) theory. By incorporating heat storage effects and refining the Bowen ratio, we enhanced the MEP method's accuracy. This research derives a new long-term global ocean latent heat flux dataset that offers high accuracy, enhancing our understanding of ocean energy dynamics.
Paola Emilia Souto-Ceccon, Juan Montes, Enrico Duo, Paolo Ciavola, Tomás Fernández-Montblanc, and Clara Armaroli
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1041–1054, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1041-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1041-2025, 2025
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This dataset supports the growing need for information on coastal storm impacts. It covers different European countries and is an open-access tool that can be exploited, updated, or complemented by different users and for different purposes. Via labelling with unique identifiers, the database allows for a quick and consistent retrieval of all of the resources associated with a storm event. The adopted approach can be easily exported to all European countries and beyond.
Zaiyang Zhou, Jianzhong Ge, Dirk Sebastiaan van Maren, Hualong Luan, Wenyun Guo, Jianfei Ma, Yingjia Tao, Peng Xu, Fuhai Dao, Wanlun Yang, Keteng Ke, Shenyang Shi, Jingting Zhang, Yu Kuai, Cheng Li, Jinghua Gu, and Pingxing Ding
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 917–935, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-917-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-917-2025, 2025
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The North Passage (NP) is the primary navigation channel of the Changjiang Estuary, supporting the shipping needs of Shanghai and its surrounding regions. To enhance our understanding of hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of the NP, a multi-year field observation campaign was designed and conducted from 2015 to 2018. This campaign improves the temporal and spatial coverage compared to previous observations, enabling more detailed investigations of this important channel system.
Manh Cuong Tran, Moninya Roughan, and Amandine Schaeffer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 937–963, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-937-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-937-2025, 2025
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The East Australian Current (EAC) plays an important role in the marine ecosystem and climate of the region. To understand the EAC regime and the inner shelf dynamics, we implement a variational approach to produce the first multiyear coastal radar dataset (2012–2023) in this region. The validated data allow for a comprehensive investigation of the EAC dynamics. This dataset will be useful for understanding the complex EAC regime and its far-reaching impacts on the shelf environment.
Ruichen Zhou, Jinyun Guo, Shaoshuai Ya, Heping Sun, and Xin Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 817–836, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-817-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-817-2025, 2025
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SDUST2023VGGA is a high-resolution (1' × 1') model developed to map the ocean's vertical gradient of gravity anomaly. By using multidirectional mean sea surface data, it reduces the impact of ocean dynamics and provides detailed global gravity anomaly change rates. This model provides critical insights into seafloor structures and ocean mass distribution, contributing to research in marine geophysics and oceanography. The dataset is freely available on Zenodo.
Federica Foglini, Marzia Rovere, Renato Tonielli, Giorgio Castellan, Mariacristina Prampolini, Francesca Budillon, Marco Cuffaro, Gabriella Di Martino, Valentina Grande, Sara Innangi, Maria Filomena Loreto, Leonardo Langone, Fantina Madricardo, Alessandra Mercorella, Paolo Montagna, Camilla Palmiotto, Claudio Pellegrini, Antonio Petrizzo, Lorenzo Petracchini, Alessandro Remia, Marco Sacchi, Daphnie Sanchez Galvez, Anna Nora Tassetti, and Fabio Trincardi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 181–203, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-181-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-181-2025, 2025
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In 2022, the new CNR research vessel Gaia Blu explored the seabed of the Naples and Pozzuoli gulfs and the Amalfi coastal area (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) from 50–2000 m water depth, covering 5000 m2 of seafloor. This paper describes data acquisition and processing and provides maps in unprecedented detail of this area affected by geological changes and human impacts. The findings support future geological and geomorphological investigations and mapping and monitoring of the seafloor and habitats.
Yan Wang, Ge Chen, Jie Yang, Zhipeng Gui, and Dehua Peng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5737–5752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5737-2024, 2024
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Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous in the ocean and account for 90 % of its kinetic energy, but their generation and dissipation are difficult to observe using current remote sensing technology. Our submesoscale eddy dataset, formed by suppressing large-scale circulation signals and enhancing small-scale chlorophyll structures, has important implications for understanding marine environments and ecosystems, as well as improving climate model predictions.
Han Zhang, Dake Chen, Tongya Liu, Di Tian, Min He, Qi Li, Guofei Wei, and Jian Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5665–5679, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5665-2024, 2024
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This paper provides a cross-shaped moored array dataset (MASCS 1.0) of observations that consist of five buoys and four moorings in the northern South China Sea from 2014 to 2015. The moored array is influenced by atmospheric forcings such as tropical cyclones and monsoon as well as oceanic tides and flows. The data reveal variations of the air–sea interface and the ocean itself, which are valuable for studies of air–sea interactions and ocean dynamics in the northern South China Sea.
Simona Simoncelli, Franco Reseghetti, Claudia Fratianni, Lijing Cheng, and Giancarlo Raiteri
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5531–5561, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5531-2024, 2024
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This data review is about the reprocessing of historical eXpendable BathyThermograp (XBT) profiles from the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas over the time period 1999–2019. A new automated quality control analysis has been performed starting from the original raw data and operational log sheets. The data have been formatted and standardized according to the latest community best practices, and all available metadata have been inserted, including calibration information and uncertainty specification.
Giuseppe Zibordi and Jean-François Berthon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5477–5502, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5477-2024, 2024
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The Coastal Atmosphere and Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and Bio-Optical mapping of Marine Properties (BiOMaP) programs produced bio-optical data supporting satellite ocean color applications across European seas for almost 2 decades. CoASTS and BiOMaP applied equal standardized instruments, measurement methods, quality control schemes and processing codes to ensure temporal and spatial consistency with data products.
Gang Yang, Ke Huang, Lin Zhu, Weiwei Sun, Chao Chen, Xiangchao Meng, Lihua Wang, and Yong Ge
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5311–5331, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5311-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5311-2024, 2024
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Continuous monitoring of shoreline dynamics is critical to understanding the drivers of shoreline change and evolution. This study uses long-term sequences of Landsat Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Operational Land Imager (OLI) images to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the coastlines of Hainan, mainland China, Taiwan, and other countries from 1990 to 2019.
Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Esther Portela, Virginie Thierry, and Annaig Prigent
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5191–5206, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5191-2024, 2024
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Oceanic dissolved oxygen (DO) is fundamental for ocean biogeochemical cycles and marine life. To ease the computation of the ocean oxygen budget from in situ DO data, mapping of data on a regular 3D grid is useful. Here, we present a new DO gridded product from the Argo database. We compare it with existing DO mapping from a historical dataset. We suggest that the ocean has generally been losing oxygen since the 1980s, but large interannual and regional variabilities should be considered.
Xudong Zhang and Xiaofeng Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5131–5144, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5131-2024, 2024
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Internal wave (IW) is an important ocean process and is frequently observed in the South China Sea (SCS). This study presents a detailed IW dataset for the northern SCS spanning from 2000 to 2022, with a spatial resolution of 250 m, comprising 3085 IW MODIS images. This dataset can enhance understanding of IW dynamics and serve as a valuable resource for studying ocean dynamics, validating numerical models, and advancing AI-driven model building, fostering further exploration into IW phenomena.
Jian Liu, Jingjing Yu, Chuyong Lin, Min He, Haiyan Liu, Wei Wang, and Min Min
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4949–4969, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4949-2024, 2024
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The Japanese Himawari-8 and Himawari-9 (H8/9) geostationary (GEO) satellites are strategically positioned over the South China Sea (SCS), spanning from 3 November 2022 to the present. They mainly provide cloud mask, fraction, height, phase, optical, and microphysical property; layered precipitable water; and sea surface temperature products within a temporal resolution of 10 min and a gridded resolution of 0.05° × 0.05°.
Yihao Wu, Hongkai Shi, Dongzhen Jia, Ole Baltazar Andersen, Xiufeng He, Zhicai Luo, Yu Li, Shiyuan Chen, Xiaohuan Si, Sisu Diao, Yihuang Shi, and Yanglin Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-443, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-443, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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We developed a high-quality and cost-effective shallow-water depth model for >120 islands in the South China Sea, using ICESat-2 and Sentinel-2 satellite data. This model accurately maps water depths with an accuracy of ~1 m. Our findings highlight the limitations of existing global bathymetry models in shallow regions. Our model exhibited superior performance in capturing fine-scale bathymetric features with unprecedented spatial resolution, providing essential data for marine applications.
Giuseppe Aulicino, Antonino Ian Ferola, Laura Fortunato, Giorgio Budillon, Pasquale Castagno, Pierpaolo Falco, Giannetta Fusco, Naomi Krauzig, Giancarlo Spezie, Enrico Zambianchi, and Yuri Cotroneo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-417, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-417, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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This study gathered water temperature data in the last 30 years from several research cruises using XBT probes between New Zealand and the Ross Sea (Antarctica). These observations, collected in the framework of Italian National Antarctic Research Program, were rigorously checked for accuracy and corrected for depth and temperature bias. The public dataset offers valuable information to get insights into the Southern Ocean's climate and improve satellite observations and oceanographic models.
Sarah A. Rautenbach, Carlos Mendes de Sousa, Mafalda Carapuço, and Paulo Relvas
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4641–4654, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4641-2024, 2024
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This article presents the data of a 4-month observation of the Iberian Margin Cape St. Vincent ocean observatory, in Portugal (2022), a European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory node. Three instruments at depths between 150 and 200 m collected physical/biogeochemical parameters at different spatial and temporal scales. EMSO-ERIC aims at developing strategies to enable sustainable ocean observation with regards to costs, time, and resolution.
Toan Bui, Ming Feng, and Chris Chapman
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-449, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-449, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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Time series data are crucial to detect changes in the ocean. Moored instruments have traditionally been used to obtain long-term observations on the continental shelf. However, mooring losses or instrument failures often result in data gaps. Here we present a gap-filled time series dataset of a shelf mooring array off the Western Australian coast, by adopting a machine learning tool to fill the data gaps. The gap-filled data has acceptable errors and shows consistency with observations.
Owein Thuillier, Nicolas Le Josse, Alexandru-Liviu Olteanu, Marc Sevaux, and Hervé Tanguy
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4529–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4529-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4529-2024, 2024
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Our study unveils a comprehensive catalogue of 17 700 unique coastal digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) as of 2022. These DEMs are designed to support a variety of scientific and educational purposes. Organised into three libraries, they cover a wide range of coastal geometries and different sizes. Data and custom colour palettes for visualisation are made freely available online, promoting open science and collaboration.
Meri Korhonen, Mateusz Moskalik, Oskar Głowacki, and Vineet Jain
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4511–4527, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4511-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4511-2024, 2024
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Since 2015, temperature and salinity have been monitored in Hornsund fjord (Svalbard), where retreating glaciers add meltwater and terrestrial matter to coastal waters. Therefore, turbidity and water sampling for suspended sediment concentration and sediment deposition are measured. The monitoring spans from May to October, enabling studies on seasonality and its variability over the years, and the dataset covers the whole fjord, including the inner basins in close proximity to the glaciers.
Kyla Drushka, Elizabeth Westbrook, Frederick M. Bingham, Peter Gaube, Suzanne Dickinson, Severine Fournier, Viviane Menezes, Sidharth Misra, Jaynice Pérez Valentín, Edwin J. Rainville, Julian J. Schanze, Carlyn Schmidgall, Andrey Shcherbina, Michael Steele, Jim Thomson, and Seth Zippel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4209–4242, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4209-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4209-2024, 2024
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The NASA SASSIE mission aims to understand the role of salinity in modifying sea ice formation in early autumn. The 2022 SASSIE campaign collected measurements of upper-ocean properties, including stratification (layering of the ocean) and air–sea fluxes in the Beaufort Sea. These data are presented here and made publicly available on the NASA Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), along with code to manipulate the data and generate the figures presented herein.
Le Gao, Yuan Guo, and Xiaofeng Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4189–4207, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4189-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4189-2024, 2024
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Since 2008, the Yellow Sea has faced a significant ecological issue, the green tide, which has become one of the world's largest marine disasters. Satellite remote sensing plays a pivotal role in detecting this phenomenon. This study uses AI-based models to extract the daily green tide from MODIS and SAR images and integrates these daily data to introduce a continuous weekly dataset, which aids research in disaster simulation, forecasting, and prevention.
Chunhua Qiu, Zhenyang Du, Jiancheng Yu, Huabin Mao, Haibo Tang, Zhenhui Yi, Jiawei Qiao, Dongxiao Wang, Xiaoming Zhai, and Yeqiang Shu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-338, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-338, 2024
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The high dense AUVs’ dataset in SCS provides 24498 temperature and salinity profiles and covers 463 days’ experiments, including 83 AUGs’ and 2 AUVs’ experiments. To our knowledge, the resolution and length of this dataset is enough in detecting the asymmetry, vertical tilt, temporal evolution of MEs, and the submesoscale processes. The dataset is expected to improve the accuracy of current and biogeochemistry numerical model. More projects gathering AUVs network will be promoted in future.
Lianjun Yang, Taoyong Jin, and Weiping Jiang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-350, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-350, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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Storm surges (SSs) cause massive loss of life and property in coastal areas each year. High spatial resolution and long-term SS records are the basis for assessing such events. However, tide gauges can provide limited SS information due to sparse and uneven distributions. Based on artificial intelligence technology and tide gauges, a high spatial coverage SS dataset was generated for period from 1940 to 2020, which can provide possible alternative support for deepening our understanding of SSs.
Lijing Cheng, Yuying Pan, Zhetao Tan, Huayi Zheng, Yujing Zhu, Wangxu Wei, Juan Du, Huifeng Yuan, Guancheng Li, Hanlin Ye, Viktor Gouretski, Yuanlong Li, Kevin E. Trenberth, John Abraham, Yuchun Jin, Franco Reseghetti, Xiaopei Lin, Bin Zhang, Gengxin Chen, Michael E. Mann, and Jiang Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3517–3546, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3517-2024, 2024
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Observational gridded products are essential for understanding the ocean, the atmosphere, and climate change; they support policy decisions and socioeconomic developments. This study provides an update of an ocean subsurface temperature and ocean heat content gridded product, named the IAPv4 data product, which is available for the upper 6000 m (119 levels) since 1940 (more reliable after ~1955) for monthly and 1° × 1° temporal and spatial resolutions.
Sönke Dangendorf, Qiang Sun, Thomas Wahl, Philip Thompson, Jerry X. Mitrovica, and Ben Hamlington
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3471–3494, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3471-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3471-2024, 2024
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Sea-level information from the global ocean is sparse in time and space, with comprehensive data being limited to the period since 2005. Here we provide a novel reconstruction of sea level and its contributing causes, as determined by a Kalman smoother approach applied to tide gauge records over the period 1900–2021. The new reconstruction shows a continuing acceleration in global mean sea-level rise since 1970 that is dominated by melting land ice. Contributors vary significantly by region.
Panagiotis Athanasiou, Ap van Dongeren, Maarten Pronk, Alessio Giardino, Michalis Vousdoukas, and Roshanka Ranasinghe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3433–3452, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3433-2024, 2024
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The shape of the coast, the intensity of waves, the height of the water levels, the presence of people or critical infrastructure, and the land use are important information to assess the vulnerability of the coast to coastal hazards. Here, we provide 80 indicators of this kind at consistent locations along the global ice-free coastline using open-access global datasets. These can be valuable for quick assessments of the vulnerability of the coast and at data-poor locations.
Léo Seyfried, Laurie Biscara, Héloïse Michaud, Fabien Leckler, Audrey Pasquet, Marc Pezerat, and Clément Gicquel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3345–3367, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3345-2024, 2024
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In Saint-Malo, France, an initiative to enhance marine submersion prevention began in 2018. Shom conducted an extensive sea campaign, mapping the bay's topography and exploring coastal processes. High-resolution data improve knowledge of the interactions between waves, tide and surge and determine processes responsible for submersion. Beyond science, these findings contribute crucially to a local warning system, providing a tangible solution to protect the community from coastal threats.
Jisun Shin, Dae-Won Kim, So-Hyun Kim, Gi Seop Lee, Boo-Keun Khim, and Young-Heon Jo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3193–3211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3193-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3193-2024, 2024
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We overcame the limitations of satellite and reanalysis sea surface salinity (SSS) datasets and produced a gap-free gridded SSS product with reasonable accuracy and a spatial resolution of 1 km using a machine learning model. Our data enabled the recognition of SSS distribution and movement patterns of the Changjiang diluted water (CDW) front in the East China Sea (ECS) during summer. These results will further advance our understanding and monitoring of long-term SSS variations in the ECS.
Haibin Ye, Chaoyu Yang, Yuan Dong, Shilin Tang, and Chuqun Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3125–3147, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3125-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3125-2024, 2024
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A deep-learning model for gap-filling based on expected variance was developed. OI-SwinUnet achieves good performance reconstructing chlorophyll-a concentration data on the South China Sea. The reconstructed dataset depicts both the spatiotemporal patterns at the seasonal scale and a fast-change process at the weather scale. Reconstructed data show chlorophyll perturbations of individual eddies at different life stages, giving academics a unique and complete perspective on eddy studies.
Robert W. Schlegel, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Bernard Gentili, Simon Bélanger, Laura Castro de la Guardia, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Cale A. Miller, Mikael Sejr, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2773–2788, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2773-2024, 2024
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Fjords play a vital role in the Arctic ecosystems and human communities. It is therefore important to have as clear of an understanding of the processes within these systems as possible. While temperature and salinity tend to be well measured, light is usually not. The dataset described in this paper uses remotely sensed data from 2003 to 2022 to address this problem by providing high-spatial-resolution surface, water column, and seafloor light data for several well-studied Arctic fjords.
Nir Haim, Vika Grigorieva, Rotem Soffer, Boaz Mayzel, Timor Katz, Ronen Alkalay, Eli Biton, Ayah Lazar, Hezi Gildor, Ilana Berman-Frank, Yishai Weinstein, Barak Herut, and Yaron Toledo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2659–2668, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2659-2024, 2024
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This paper outlines the process of creating an open-access surface wave dataset, drawing from deep-sea research station observations located 50 km off the coast of Israel. The discussion covers the wave monitoring procedure, from instrument configuration to wave field retrieval, and aspects of quality assurance. The dataset presented spans over 5 years, offering uncommon in situ wave measurements in the deep sea, and addresses the existing gap in wave information within the region.
Fengshun Zhu, Jinyun Guo, Huiying Zhang, Lingyong Huang, Heping Sun, and Xin Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2281–2296, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2281-2024, 2024
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We used multi-satellite altimeter data to construct a high-resolution marine gravity change rate (MGCR) model on 5′×5′ grids, named SDUST2020MGCR. The spatial distribution of SDUST2020MGCR and GRACE MGCR are similar, such as in the eastern seas of Japan (dipole), western seas of the Nicobar Islands (rising), and southern seas of Greenland (falling). The SDUST2020MGCR can provide a detailed view of long-term marine gravity change, which will help to study the seawater mass migration.
Lisa Deyle, Thomas H. Badewien, Oliver Wurl, and Jens Meyerjürgens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2099–2112, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2099-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2099-2024, 2024
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A dataset from the North Sea of 85 surface drifters from 2017–2021 is presented. Surface drifters enable the analysis of ocean currents by determining the velocities of surface currents and tidal effects. The entire North Sea has not been studied using drifters before, but the analysis of ocean currents is essential, e.g., to understand the pathways of plastic. The results show that there are strong tidal effects in the shallow North Sea area and strong surface currents in the deep areas.
Yasser O. Abualnaja, Alexandra Pavlidou, James H. Churchill, Ioannis Hatzianestis, Dimitris Velaoras, Harilaos Kontoyiannis, Vassilis P. Papadopoulos, Aristomenis P. Karageorgis, Georgia Assimakopoulou, Helen Kaberi, Theodoros Kannelopoulos, Constantine Parinos, Christina Zeri, Dionysios Ballas, Elli Pitta, Vassiliki Paraskevopoulou, Afroditi Androni, Styliani Chourdaki, Vassileia Fioraki, Stylianos Iliakis, Georgia Kabouri, Angeliki Konstantinopoulou, Georgios Krokos, Dimitra Papageorgiou, Alkiviadis Papageorgiou, Georgios Pappas, Elvira Plakidi, Eleni Rousselaki, Ioanna Stavrakaki, Eleni Tzempelikou, Panagiota Zachioti, Anthi Yfanti, Theodore Zoulias, Abdulah Al Amoudi, Yasser Alshehri, Ahmad Alharbi, Hammad Al Sulami, Taha Boksmati, Rayan Mutwalli, and Ibrahim Hoteit
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1703–1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1703-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1703-2024, 2024
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We present oceanographic measurements obtained during two surveillance cruises conducted in June and September 2021 in the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. It is the first multidisciplinary survey within the Saudi Arabian coastal zone, extending from near the Saudi–Jordanian border in the north of the Red Sea to the south close to the Saudi--Yemen border and in the Arabian Gulf. The objective was to record the pollution status along the coastal zone of the kingdom related to specific pressures.
Alexandra E. Jones-Kellett and Michael J. Follows
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1475–1501, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1475-2024, 2024
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Ocean eddies can limit horizontal mixing, potentially isolating phytoplankton populations and affecting their concentration. We used two decades of satellite data and computer simulations to identify and track eddy-trapping boundaries in the Pacific Ocean for application in phytoplankton research. Although some eddies trap water masses for months, many continuously mix with surrounding waters. A case study shows how eddy trapping can enhance the signature of a phytoplankton bloom.
Richard Fiifi Annan, Xiaoyun Wan, Ruijie Hao, and Fei Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1167–1176, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1167-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1167-2024, 2024
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Gravity gradient tensor, a set of six unique gravity signals, is suitable for detecting undersea features. However, due to poor spatial resolution in past years, it has received less research interest and investment. However, current datasets have better accuracy and resolutions, thereby necessitating a revisit. Our analysis shows comparable results with reference models. We conclude that current-generation altimetry datasets can precisely resolve all six gravity gradients.
Simon Treu, Sanne Muis, Sönke Dangendorf, Thomas Wahl, Julius Oelsmann, Stefanie Heinicke, Katja Frieler, and Matthias Mengel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1121–1136, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1121-2024, 2024
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This article describes a reconstruction of monthly coastal water levels from 1900–2015 and hourly data from 1979–2015, both with and without long-term sea level rise. The dataset is based on a combination of three datasets that are focused on different aspects of coastal water levels. Comparison with tide gauge records shows that this combination brings reconstructions closer to the observations compared to the individual datasets.
Sarah Asdar, Daniele Ciani, and Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1029–1046, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1029-2024, 2024
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Estimating 3D currents is crucial for the understanding of ocean dynamics, and a precise knowledge of ocean circulation is essential to ensure a sustainable ocean. In this context, a new high-resolution (1 / 10°) data-driven dataset of 3D ocean currents has been developed within the European Space Agency World Ocean Circulation project, providing 10 years (2010–2019) of horizontal and vertical quasi-geostrophic currents at daily resolution over the North Atlantic Ocean, down to 1500 m depth.
Xiaoxia Zhang and Heidi Nepf
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1047–1062, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1047-2024, 2024
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This study measured the wave-induced plant drag, flow structure, turbulent intensity, and wave energy attenuation in the presence of a salt marsh. We showed that leaves contribute to most of the total plant drag and wave dissipation. Plant resistance significantly reshapes the velocity profile and enhances turbulence intensity. Adding current obviously impact the plants' wave decay capacity. The dataset can be reused to develop and calibrate marsh-flow theoretical and numerical models.
Michael Hemming, Moninya Roughan, and Amandine Schaeffer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 887–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-887-2024, 2024
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We present new datasets that are useful for exploring extreme ocean temperature events in Australian coastal waters. These datasets span multiple decades, starting from the 1940s and 1950s, and include observations from the surface to the bottom at four coastal sites. The datasets provide valuable insights into the intensity, frequency and timing of extreme warm and cold temperature events and include event characteristics such as duration, onset and decline rates and their categorisation.
Marlies A. van der Lugt, Jorn W. Bosma, Matthieu A. de Schipper, Timothy D. Price, Marcel C. G. van Maarseveen, Pieter van der Gaag, Gerben Ruessink, Ad J. H. M. Reniers, and Stefan G. J. Aarninkhof
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 903–918, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-903-2024, 2024
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A 6-week field campaign was carried out at a sheltered sandy beach on Texel along the Dutch Wadden Sea with the aim of gaining new insights into the driving processes behind sheltered beach morphodynamics. Detailed measurements of the local hydrodynamics, bed-level changes and sediment composition were collected. The morphological evolution on this sheltered site is the result of the subtle interplay between waves, currents and bed composition.
Oriane Bruyère, Romain Le Gendre, Vetea Liao, and Serge Andréfouët
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 667–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-667-2024, 2024
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During 2019–2020, the lagoon and forereefs of Gambier Island (French Polynesia) were monitored with oceanographic instruments to measure lagoon hydrodynamics and ocean–lagoon water exchanges. Gambier Island is a key black pearl producer and the study goal was to understand the processes influencing spat collection of pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, the species used to produce black pearls. The data set is provided to address local pearl farming questions and other investigations as well.
Tahiana Ratsimbazafy, Thibaud Dezutter, Amélie Desmarais, Daniel Amirault, Pascal Guillot, and Simon Morisset
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 471–499, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-471-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-471-2024, 2024
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The Canadian Coast Guard Ship has collected oceanographic data across the Canadian Arctic annually since 2003. Such activity aims to support Canadian and international researchers. The ship has several instruments with cutting-edge technology available for research each year during the summer. The data presented here include measurements of physical, chemical and biological variables during the year 2021. Datasets collected from each expedition are available free of charge for the public.
Md Jamal Uddin Khan, Inge Van Den Beld, Guy Wöppelmann, Laurent Testut, Alexa Latapy, and Nicolas Pouvreau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5739–5753, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5739-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5739-2023, 2023
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Established in the southwest of France in 1875, the Socoa tide gauge is part of the national sea level monitoring network in France. Through a data archaeology exercise, a large part of the records of this gauge in paper format have been rescued and digitized. The digitized data were processed and quality controlled to produce a uniform hourly sea level time series covering 1875 to the present day. This new dataset is important for climate research on sea level rise, tides, and storm surges.
Robin V. F. de Vries, Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba, and Sarah-Jeanne Royer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5575–5596, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5575-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5575-2023, 2023
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We present a high-quality dataset of hyperspectral point and multipixel reflectance observations of virgin, ocean-harvested, and biofouled multipurpose plastics. Biofouling and a submerged scenario of the dataset further extend the variability in open-access spectral reference libraries that are important in algorithm development with relevance to remote sensing use cases.
Oriane Bruyère, Romain Le Gendre, Mathilde Chauveau, Bertrand Bourgeois, David Varillon, John Butscher, Thomas Trophime, Yann Follin, Jérôme Aucan, Vetea Liao, and Serge Andréfouët
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5553–5573, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5553-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5553-2023, 2023
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During 2018–2022, four pearl farming Tuamotu atolls (French Polynesia) were studied with oceanographic instruments to measure lagoon hydrodynamics and ocean-lagoon water exchanges. The goal was to gain knowledge on the processes influencing the spat collection of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, the species used to produce black pearls. A worldwide unique oceanographic atoll data set is provided to address local pearl farming questions and other fundamental and applied investigations.
Edwin Rainville, Jim Thomson, Melissa Moulton, and Morteza Derakhti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5135–5151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5135-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5135-2023, 2023
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Measuring ocean waves nearshore is essential for understanding how the waves impact our coastlines. We designed and deployed many small wave buoys in the nearshore ocean over 27 d in Duck, North Carolina, USA, in 2021. The wave buoys measure their motion as they drift. In this paper, we describe multiple levels of data processing. We explain how this dataset can be used in future studies to investigate nearshore wave kinematics, transport of buoyant particles, and wave-breaking processes.
Alberto Ribotti, Antonio Bussani, Milena Menna, Andrea Satta, Roberto Sorgente, Andrea Cucco, and Riccardo Gerin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4651–4659, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4651-2023, 2023
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Over 100 experiments were realized between 1998 and 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea using surface coastal and offshore Lagrangian drifters. Raw data were initially unified and pre-processed. Then, the integrity of the received data packages was checked and incomplete ones were discarded. Deployment information was retrieved and integrated into the PostgreSQL database. Data were interpolated at defined time intervals, providing a dataset of 158 trajectories, available in different formats.
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Short summary
BRAN2020 is a dynamical reconstruction of the ocean, combining observations with a high-resolution global ocean model. BRAN2020 currently spans January 1993 to December 2019, assimilating in situ temperature and salinity, as well as satellite-based sea level and sea surface temperature. A new multiscale approach to data assimilation constrains the broad-scale ocean properties and turbulent mesoscale dynamics in two steps, showing closer agreement to observations than all previous versions.
BRAN2020 is a dynamical reconstruction of the ocean, combining observations with a...
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