Articles | Volume 13, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2923-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2923-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Glacier changes in the Chhombo Chhu Watershed of the Tista basin between 1975 and 2018, the Sikkim Himalaya, India
Arindam Chowdhury
Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong
793022, Meghalaya, India
Milap Chand Sharma
Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong
793022, Meghalaya, India
Manasi Debnath
Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong
793022, Meghalaya, India
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Cited
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Susceptibility Mapping in Sikkim: A Comparison of AHP and Fuzzy AHP Models A. Das et al. 10.3390/cli12110173
- Trends and Abrupt Shifts in Mean Temperature over North-East India: Insights from Gridded Datasets R. Gautam et al. 10.1007/s41742-025-00816-5
- Potential glacial lake outburst flood assessment in a changing environment, Chhombo Chhu Watershed, Sikkim Himalaya, India A. Chowdhury et al. 10.1080/10106049.2022.2102219
- Review and synthesis of climate change studies in the Himalayan region V. Negi et al. 10.1007/s10668-021-01880-5
- Long Time-Series Glacier Outlines in the Three-Rivers Headwater Region From 1986 to 2021 Based on Deep Learning L. Chen et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3189277
- Ice cover loss and debris cover evolution in the Afghanistan Hindu Kush Himalaya between 2000 and 2020 J. Shokory & S. Lane 10.1080/15230430.2024.2373858
- Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Glacier Mass Balance on the Northern and Southern Slopes of the Central Tianshan Mountains, China L. Liu et al. 10.3390/w14101601
- Assessing glacier mass balance variations and climate drivers of Shisper and Muchuhar glaciers in the Karakoram region, Pakistan: a remote sensing and GIS approach Z. Zhang et al. 10.1080/17538947.2024.2406385
- Two Decades of Glacier and Glacial Lake Change in the Dhauladhar Mountain Range, Himachal Himalayas, India (2000–2020) S. Rai et al. 10.1007/s12524-024-01849-7
- Erosional dam breach modelling for multi-glacial lake outburst process and downstream flood exposure assessment in the Eastern Himalayas A. Chowdhury et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132417
- Assessing climate-driven glacial retreat, snow-cover reduction and GLOF risks: implications for water resource management amid rising global temperatures and CO2 M. Yahya et al. 10.1071/MF24177
- Automated Delineation of Supraglacial Debris Cover Using Deep Learning and Multisource Remote Sensing Data S. Kaushik et al. 10.3390/rs14061352
- SAU-Net: A Deep Learning Approach for Glacier Mapping Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data Y. Xiang et al. 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3542834
- Glacier inventory of the Subansiri River Basin in the Brahmaputra catchment using Landsat satellite data: A case study of the Daisaphu Glacier changes S. Choudhury et al. 10.1002/gj.4403
- Shrinking Himalayan glaciers: Glacier inventory, glacial cover mapping and changes in Eastern Himalayas, India V. Ritse et al. 10.1007/s12040-024-02490-1
- Evolution of glacier mass balance and surface velocity in response to climate change in Eastern Himalaya using landsat imageries P. Das et al. 10.1007/s00704-025-05609-6
- Patterns and drivers of glacier debris-cover development in the Afghanistan Hindu Kush Himalaya J. Shokory & S. Lane 10.1017/jog.2023.14
- Impact of Climate Change on Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Glaciers in Western Karakoram Region since 1990: A Case Study of Central Karakoram National Park M. Moazzam et al. 10.3390/w14192968
- Glacial Lake Evolution (1962–2018) and Outburst Susceptibility of Gurudongmar Lake Complex in the Tista Basin, Sikkim Himalaya (India) A. Chowdhury et al. 10.3390/w13243565
- Evaluation of Moraine Sediment Dam Stability Under Permafrost Thawing in Glacial Environments: A Case Study of Gurudongmar Lake, Sikkim Himalayas A. Misra et al. 10.3390/app15115892
- Recent Indian studies in Himalayan cryosphere R. Ravindra et al. 10.1007/s43538-024-00237-6
- Glacier changes in the Chhombo Chhu Watershed of the Tista basin between 1975 and 2018, the Sikkim Himalaya, India A. Chowdhury et al. 10.5194/essd-13-2923-2021
20 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Susceptibility Mapping in Sikkim: A Comparison of AHP and Fuzzy AHP Models A. Das et al. 10.3390/cli12110173
- Trends and Abrupt Shifts in Mean Temperature over North-East India: Insights from Gridded Datasets R. Gautam et al. 10.1007/s41742-025-00816-5
- Potential glacial lake outburst flood assessment in a changing environment, Chhombo Chhu Watershed, Sikkim Himalaya, India A. Chowdhury et al. 10.1080/10106049.2022.2102219
- Review and synthesis of climate change studies in the Himalayan region V. Negi et al. 10.1007/s10668-021-01880-5
- Long Time-Series Glacier Outlines in the Three-Rivers Headwater Region From 1986 to 2021 Based on Deep Learning L. Chen et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3189277
- Ice cover loss and debris cover evolution in the Afghanistan Hindu Kush Himalaya between 2000 and 2020 J. Shokory & S. Lane 10.1080/15230430.2024.2373858
- Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Glacier Mass Balance on the Northern and Southern Slopes of the Central Tianshan Mountains, China L. Liu et al. 10.3390/w14101601
- Assessing glacier mass balance variations and climate drivers of Shisper and Muchuhar glaciers in the Karakoram region, Pakistan: a remote sensing and GIS approach Z. Zhang et al. 10.1080/17538947.2024.2406385
- Two Decades of Glacier and Glacial Lake Change in the Dhauladhar Mountain Range, Himachal Himalayas, India (2000–2020) S. Rai et al. 10.1007/s12524-024-01849-7
- Erosional dam breach modelling for multi-glacial lake outburst process and downstream flood exposure assessment in the Eastern Himalayas A. Chowdhury et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132417
- Assessing climate-driven glacial retreat, snow-cover reduction and GLOF risks: implications for water resource management amid rising global temperatures and CO2 M. Yahya et al. 10.1071/MF24177
- Automated Delineation of Supraglacial Debris Cover Using Deep Learning and Multisource Remote Sensing Data S. Kaushik et al. 10.3390/rs14061352
- SAU-Net: A Deep Learning Approach for Glacier Mapping Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data Y. Xiang et al. 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3542834
- Glacier inventory of the Subansiri River Basin in the Brahmaputra catchment using Landsat satellite data: A case study of the Daisaphu Glacier changes S. Choudhury et al. 10.1002/gj.4403
- Shrinking Himalayan glaciers: Glacier inventory, glacial cover mapping and changes in Eastern Himalayas, India V. Ritse et al. 10.1007/s12040-024-02490-1
- Evolution of glacier mass balance and surface velocity in response to climate change in Eastern Himalaya using landsat imageries P. Das et al. 10.1007/s00704-025-05609-6
- Patterns and drivers of glacier debris-cover development in the Afghanistan Hindu Kush Himalaya J. Shokory & S. Lane 10.1017/jog.2023.14
- Impact of Climate Change on Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Glaciers in Western Karakoram Region since 1990: A Case Study of Central Karakoram National Park M. Moazzam et al. 10.3390/w14192968
- Glacial Lake Evolution (1962–2018) and Outburst Susceptibility of Gurudongmar Lake Complex in the Tista Basin, Sikkim Himalaya (India) A. Chowdhury et al. 10.3390/w13243565
- Evaluation of Moraine Sediment Dam Stability Under Permafrost Thawing in Glacial Environments: A Case Study of Gurudongmar Lake, Sikkim Himalayas A. Misra et al. 10.3390/app15115892
Latest update: 12 Jul 2025
Short summary
This is an integrated watershed-based study of glacier change across the Chhombo Chhu Watershed in the Sikkim Himalaya, 1975–2018. This glacier analysis comprised 74 glaciers with a total area of 44.8 ± 1.5 km2 including 64 debris-free glaciers with an area of 28.4 ± 1.1 km2 (63.4 % of total glacier area) in 2018. Mean glacier area of the watershed stands at 0.61 km2, with dominance of small-sized glaciers. Our mapping revealed that there has been a glacier area recession of 17.9 ± 1.7 km2.
This is an integrated watershed-based study of glacier change across the Chhombo Chhu Watershed...
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