Articles | Volume 13, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2923-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2923-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
| 
17 Jun 2021
Data description article |
| 17 Jun 2021
| 17 Jun 2021
Glacier changes in the Chhombo Chhu Watershed of the Tista basin between 1975 and 2018, the Sikkim Himalaya, India
Arindam Chowdhury
Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong
793022, Meghalaya, India
Milap Chand Sharma
Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong
793022, Meghalaya, India
Manasi Debnath
Department of Geography, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong
793022, Meghalaya, India
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Cited
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Susceptibility Mapping in Sikkim: A Comparison of AHP and Fuzzy AHP Models A. Das et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12110173
- Trends and Abrupt Shifts in Mean Temperature over North-East India: Insights from Gridded Datasets R. Gautam et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-025-00816-5
- Analysis of triggering factors behind the October 2023 South Lhonak GLOF event in the Sikkim Himalaya using multiple remote sensing data V. Vilímek et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2026.2625407
- Decadal glacier displacement and emerging hazards in Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya from InSAR observations (2014–2024) S. Sivalingam et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07860-6
- Potential glacial lake outburst flood assessment in a changing environment, Chhombo Chhu Watershed, Sikkim Himalaya, India A. Chowdhury et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2022.2102219
- Review and synthesis of climate change studies in the Himalayan region V. Negi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01880-5
- Long Time-Series Glacier Outlines in the Three-Rivers Headwater Region From 1986 to 2021 Based on Deep Learning L. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3189277
- Ice cover loss and debris cover evolution in the Afghanistan Hindu Kush Himalaya between 2000 and 2020 J. Shokory & S. Lane https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2024.2373858
- Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Glacier Mass Balance on the Northern and Southern Slopes of the Central Tianshan Mountains, China L. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14101601
- Assessing glacier mass balance variations and climate drivers of Shisper and Muchuhar glaciers in the Karakoram region, Pakistan: a remote sensing and GIS approach Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2406385
- Two Decades of Glacier and Glacial Lake Change in the Dhauladhar Mountain Range, Himachal Himalayas, India (2000–2020) S. Rai et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-01849-7
- Erosional dam breach modelling for multi-glacial lake outburst process and downstream flood exposure assessment in the Eastern Himalayas A. Chowdhury et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132417
- Assessing climate-driven glacial retreat, snow-cover reduction and GLOF risks: implications for water resource management amid rising global temperatures and CO2 M. Yahya et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF24177
- Automated Delineation of Supraglacial Debris Cover Using Deep Learning and Multisource Remote Sensing Data S. Kaushik et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061352
- SAU-Net: A Deep Learning Approach for Glacier Mapping Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data Y. Xiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3542834
- Glacier inventory of the Subansiri River Basin in the Brahmaputra catchment using Landsat satellite data: A case study of the Daisaphu Glacier changes S. Choudhury et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.4403
- Shrinking Himalayan glaciers: Glacier inventory, glacial cover mapping and changes in Eastern Himalayas, India V. Ritse et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02490-1
- Evolution of glacier mass balance and surface velocity in response to climate change in Eastern Himalaya using landsat imageries P. Das et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-025-05609-6
- Patterns and drivers of glacier debris-cover development in the Afghanistan Hindu Kush Himalaya J. Shokory & S. Lane https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.14
- Impact of Climate Change on Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Glaciers in Western Karakoram Region since 1990: A Case Study of Central Karakoram National Park M. Moazzam et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14192968
- Glacial Lake Evolution (1962–2018) and Outburst Susceptibility of Gurudongmar Lake Complex in the Tista Basin, Sikkim Himalaya (India) A. Chowdhury et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243565
- Evaluation of Moraine Sediment Dam Stability Under Permafrost Thawing in Glacial Environments: A Case Study of Gurudongmar Lake, Sikkim Himalayas A. Misra et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115892
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Susceptibility Mapping in Sikkim: A Comparison of AHP and Fuzzy AHP Models A. Das et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12110173
- Trends and Abrupt Shifts in Mean Temperature over North-East India: Insights from Gridded Datasets R. Gautam et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-025-00816-5
- Analysis of triggering factors behind the October 2023 South Lhonak GLOF event in the Sikkim Himalaya using multiple remote sensing data V. Vilímek et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2026.2625407
- Decadal glacier displacement and emerging hazards in Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya from InSAR observations (2014–2024) S. Sivalingam et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07860-6
- Potential glacial lake outburst flood assessment in a changing environment, Chhombo Chhu Watershed, Sikkim Himalaya, India A. Chowdhury et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2022.2102219
- Review and synthesis of climate change studies in the Himalayan region V. Negi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01880-5
- Long Time-Series Glacier Outlines in the Three-Rivers Headwater Region From 1986 to 2021 Based on Deep Learning L. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3189277
- Ice cover loss and debris cover evolution in the Afghanistan Hindu Kush Himalaya between 2000 and 2020 J. Shokory & S. Lane https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2024.2373858
- Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Glacier Mass Balance on the Northern and Southern Slopes of the Central Tianshan Mountains, China L. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14101601
- Assessing glacier mass balance variations and climate drivers of Shisper and Muchuhar glaciers in the Karakoram region, Pakistan: a remote sensing and GIS approach Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2406385
- Two Decades of Glacier and Glacial Lake Change in the Dhauladhar Mountain Range, Himachal Himalayas, India (2000–2020) S. Rai et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-01849-7
- Erosional dam breach modelling for multi-glacial lake outburst process and downstream flood exposure assessment in the Eastern Himalayas A. Chowdhury et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132417
- Assessing climate-driven glacial retreat, snow-cover reduction and GLOF risks: implications for water resource management amid rising global temperatures and CO2 M. Yahya et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF24177
- Automated Delineation of Supraglacial Debris Cover Using Deep Learning and Multisource Remote Sensing Data S. Kaushik et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061352
- SAU-Net: A Deep Learning Approach for Glacier Mapping Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data Y. Xiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3542834
- Glacier inventory of the Subansiri River Basin in the Brahmaputra catchment using Landsat satellite data: A case study of the Daisaphu Glacier changes S. Choudhury et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.4403
- Shrinking Himalayan glaciers: Glacier inventory, glacial cover mapping and changes in Eastern Himalayas, India V. Ritse et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02490-1
- Evolution of glacier mass balance and surface velocity in response to climate change in Eastern Himalaya using landsat imageries P. Das et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-025-05609-6
- Patterns and drivers of glacier debris-cover development in the Afghanistan Hindu Kush Himalaya J. Shokory & S. Lane https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.14
- Impact of Climate Change on Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Glaciers in Western Karakoram Region since 1990: A Case Study of Central Karakoram National Park M. Moazzam et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14192968
- Glacial Lake Evolution (1962–2018) and Outburst Susceptibility of Gurudongmar Lake Complex in the Tista Basin, Sikkim Himalaya (India) A. Chowdhury et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243565
- Evaluation of Moraine Sediment Dam Stability Under Permafrost Thawing in Glacial Environments: A Case Study of Gurudongmar Lake, Sikkim Himalayas A. Misra et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15115892
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
This is an integrated watershed-based study of glacier change across the Chhombo Chhu Watershed in the Sikkim Himalaya, 1975–2018. This glacier analysis comprised 74 glaciers with a total area of 44.8 ± 1.5 km2 including 64 debris-free glaciers with an area of 28.4 ± 1.1 km2 (63.4 % of total glacier area) in 2018. Mean glacier area of the watershed stands at 0.61 km2, with dominance of small-sized glaciers. Our mapping revealed that there has been a glacier area recession of 17.9 ± 1.7 km2.
This is an integrated watershed-based study of glacier change across the Chhombo Chhu Watershed...
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