Articles | Volume 13, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2025-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2025-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
12 May 2021
Data description paper |
| 12 May 2021
| 12 May 2021
Virtual water trade and water footprint of agricultural goods: the 1961–2016 CWASI database
Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 10129, Italy
Marta Tuninetti
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 10129, Italy
Irene Soligno
Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 10129, Italy
Francesco Laio
Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 10129, Italy
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Cited
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Trends and environmental impacts of virtual water trade M. Mekonnen et al. 10.1038/s43017-024-00605-2
- PEGADA HÍDRICA DE ESTUDANTES DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE NO OESTE DO PARÁ, AMAZÔNIA, BRASIL I. Pedroso et al. 10.56083/RCV4N11-085
- Role of trade agreements in the global cereal market and implications for virtual water flows B. Falsetti et al. 10.1038/s41598-022-10815-7
- Hydrological sustainability of international virtual water trade J. Sinha et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad0861
- Produto Interno Bruto e pegada hídrica do agronegócio: comparativo entre países U. Sesso Filho et al. 10.1590/1806-9479.2023.274229pt
- Evolution of global water footprints of crop production in 1990–2019 O. Mialyk et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad78e9
- The sustainability of agricultural trade: The case of South Africa T. van Huyssteen et al. 10.1016/j.clpl.2025.100092
- Large agri-food corporations in the global staple and cash crops markets: a quantitative analysis of rice and coffee through the virtual water perspective A. Baronchelli et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5a24
- International corporations trading Brazilian soy are keystone actors for water stewardship E. De Petrillo et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00742-4
- Water resources availability, sustainability and challenges in the GCC countries: An overview M. Sherif et al. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20543
- Modelo actancial del nexo agua-alimentos-comercio internacional B. Mujica Trejo et al. 10.22201/enesl.20078064e.2023.25.84245
- Water Footprint as a Tool for Selection of Alternatives (Comments on “Food Recommendations for Reducing Water Footprint”) L. Ansorge & L. Stejskalová 10.3390/su14106317
- Efficient agricultural practices in Africa reduce crop water footprint despite climate change, but rely on blue water resources V. Giordano et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-01125-5
- Coupling coordination analysis of the water-food-energy‑carbon nexus for crop production in Central Asia Y. Hu et al. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123584
- Water footprints and crop water use of 175 individual crops for 1990–2019 simulated with a global crop model O. Mialyk et al. 10.1038/s41597-024-03051-3
- Water scarcity and consumer behavior: an analysis of diet-related water footprint E. Frola et al. 10.1017/S1742170524000140
- A multi-level network tool to trace wasted water from farm to fork and backwards F. Semeria et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5608
- A gridded dataset of consumptive water footprints, evaporation, transpiration, and associated benchmarks related to crop production in China during 2000–2018 W. Wang et al. 10.5194/essd-15-4803-2023
- Date Fruit Production and Consumption: A Perspective on Global Trends and Drivers from a Multidimensional Footprint Assessment F. Sporchia et al. 10.3390/su15054358
- Food demand displaced by global refugee migration influences water use in already water stressed countries L. Bertassello et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-38117-0
- Trade of economically and physically scarce virtual water in the global food network E. Vallino et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-01514-w
- Gross Domestic Product and water footprint of agribusiness: comparative between countries U. Sesso Filho et al. 10.1590/1806-9479.2023.274229en
- Water Footprints, Intra‐National Virtual Water Flows, and Associated Sustainability Related to Pork Production and Consumption: A Case for China X. Ji et al. 10.1029/2021WR029809
- Compliance with EAT–Lancet dietary guidelines would reduce global water footprint but increase it for 40% of the world population M. Tuninetti et al. 10.1038/s43016-021-00452-0
- A Study on Spatial-Temporal Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Water Footprint in the Main Grain-Producing Areas in China Y. Wang et al. 10.3390/pr10102105
- A global dataset of the national green and blue water footprint of livestock feeds C. Govoni et al. 10.1038/s41597-024-04264-2
- Livestock Support and Water Depletion in Turkey F. Schuenemann & S. Hess 10.1029/2020WR028860
- Limitations to sustainable renewable jet fuels production attributed to cost than energy-water-food resource availability C. Chong & J. Ng 10.1038/s41467-023-44049-6
- Virtual water trade and water footprint of agricultural goods: the 1961–2016 CWASI database S. Tamea et al. 10.5194/essd-13-2025-2021
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Trends and environmental impacts of virtual water trade M. Mekonnen et al. 10.1038/s43017-024-00605-2
- PEGADA HÍDRICA DE ESTUDANTES DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE NO OESTE DO PARÁ, AMAZÔNIA, BRASIL I. Pedroso et al. 10.56083/RCV4N11-085
- Role of trade agreements in the global cereal market and implications for virtual water flows B. Falsetti et al. 10.1038/s41598-022-10815-7
- Hydrological sustainability of international virtual water trade J. Sinha et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad0861
- Produto Interno Bruto e pegada hídrica do agronegócio: comparativo entre países U. Sesso Filho et al. 10.1590/1806-9479.2023.274229pt
- Evolution of global water footprints of crop production in 1990–2019 O. Mialyk et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad78e9
- The sustainability of agricultural trade: The case of South Africa T. van Huyssteen et al. 10.1016/j.clpl.2025.100092
- Large agri-food corporations in the global staple and cash crops markets: a quantitative analysis of rice and coffee through the virtual water perspective A. Baronchelli et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5a24
- International corporations trading Brazilian soy are keystone actors for water stewardship E. De Petrillo et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00742-4
- Water resources availability, sustainability and challenges in the GCC countries: An overview M. Sherif et al. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20543
- Modelo actancial del nexo agua-alimentos-comercio internacional B. Mujica Trejo et al. 10.22201/enesl.20078064e.2023.25.84245
- Water Footprint as a Tool for Selection of Alternatives (Comments on “Food Recommendations for Reducing Water Footprint”) L. Ansorge & L. Stejskalová 10.3390/su14106317
- Efficient agricultural practices in Africa reduce crop water footprint despite climate change, but rely on blue water resources V. Giordano et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-01125-5
- Coupling coordination analysis of the water-food-energy‑carbon nexus for crop production in Central Asia Y. Hu et al. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123584
- Water footprints and crop water use of 175 individual crops for 1990–2019 simulated with a global crop model O. Mialyk et al. 10.1038/s41597-024-03051-3
- Water scarcity and consumer behavior: an analysis of diet-related water footprint E. Frola et al. 10.1017/S1742170524000140
- A multi-level network tool to trace wasted water from farm to fork and backwards F. Semeria et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5608
- A gridded dataset of consumptive water footprints, evaporation, transpiration, and associated benchmarks related to crop production in China during 2000–2018 W. Wang et al. 10.5194/essd-15-4803-2023
- Date Fruit Production and Consumption: A Perspective on Global Trends and Drivers from a Multidimensional Footprint Assessment F. Sporchia et al. 10.3390/su15054358
- Food demand displaced by global refugee migration influences water use in already water stressed countries L. Bertassello et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-38117-0
- Trade of economically and physically scarce virtual water in the global food network E. Vallino et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-01514-w
- Gross Domestic Product and water footprint of agribusiness: comparative between countries U. Sesso Filho et al. 10.1590/1806-9479.2023.274229en
- Water Footprints, Intra‐National Virtual Water Flows, and Associated Sustainability Related to Pork Production and Consumption: A Case for China X. Ji et al. 10.1029/2021WR029809
- Compliance with EAT–Lancet dietary guidelines would reduce global water footprint but increase it for 40% of the world population M. Tuninetti et al. 10.1038/s43016-021-00452-0
- A Study on Spatial-Temporal Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Water Footprint in the Main Grain-Producing Areas in China Y. Wang et al. 10.3390/pr10102105
- A global dataset of the national green and blue water footprint of livestock feeds C. Govoni et al. 10.1038/s41597-024-04264-2
- Livestock Support and Water Depletion in Turkey F. Schuenemann & S. Hess 10.1029/2020WR028860
2 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 04 Feb 2025
Short summary
The database includes water footprint and virtual water trade data for 370 agricultural goods in all countries, starting from 1961 and 1986, respectively. Data improve upon earlier datasets because of the annual variability of data and the tracing of goods’ origin within the international trade. The CWASI database aims at supporting national and global assessments of water use in agriculture and food production/consumption and welcomes contributions from the research community.
The database includes water footprint and virtual water trade data for 370 agricultural goods in...
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