Review article
07 Sep 2020
Review article
| 07 Sep 2020
Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?
Karina von Schuckmann et al.
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- It’s the Heat and the Humidity: The Complementary Roles of Temperature and Specific Humidity to Recent Changes in the Energy Content of the Near‐Surface Atmosphere P. Stoy et al. 10.1029/2021GL096628
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- Variability in the global energy budget and transports 1985–2017 C. Liu et al. 10.1007/s00382-020-05451-8
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68 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Vi går mot et isfritt Arktis L. Smedsrud & T. Furevik 10.18261/issn.1504-3118-2021-02-03-12
- Earth's Energy Imbalance From the Ocean Perspective (2005–2019) M. Hakuba et al. 10.1029/2021GL093624
- Alkalinization Scenarios in the Mediterranean Sea for Efficient Removal of Atmospheric CO2 and the Mitigation of Ocean Acidification M. Butenschön et al. 10.3389/fclim.2021.614537
- Ocean Model Formulation Influences Transient Climate Response T. Semmler et al. 10.1029/2021JC017633
- Satellite and Ocean Data Reveal Marked Increase in Earth’s Heating Rate N. Loeb et al. 10.1029/2021GL093047
- Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5 K. von Schuckmann et al. 10.1080/1755876X.2021.1946240
- Review article: Earth's ice imbalance T. Slater et al. 10.5194/tc-15-233-2021
- Upper Ocean Temperatures Hit Record High in 2020 L. Cheng et al. 10.1007/s00376-021-0447-x
- An ensemble approach to quantify global mean sea-level rise over the 20th century from tide gauge reconstructions M. Palmer et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/abdaec
- Ocean surface energy balance allows a constraint on the sensitivity of precipitation to global warming W. Wang et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-22406-7
- INSPIRE-SAT 7, a Second CubeSat to Measure the Earth’s Energy Budget and to Probe the Ionosphere M. Meftah et al. 10.3390/rs14010186
- Fifty Year Trends in Global Ocean Heat Content Traced to Surface Heat Fluxes in the Sub‐Polar Ocean T. Sohail et al. 10.1029/2020GL091439
- 20th century cooling of the deep ocean contributed to delayed acceleration of Earth’s energy imbalance A. Bagnell & T. DeVries 10.1038/s41467-021-24472-3
- Copernicus Sea Level Space Observations: A Basis for Assessing Mitigation and Developing Adaptation Strategies to Sea Level Rise J. Legeais et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.704721
- Concerning the time horizon of prognostic indicators to be beforehand with local climate changes Y. Kolokolov & A. Monovskaya 10.1088/1755-1315/979/1/012124
- Hvordan vet vi det vi vet om globaloppvarming? K. Seip 10.18261/issn.1504-3118-2021-01-02
- The UVSQ-SAT/INSPIRESat-5 CubeSat Mission: First In-Orbit Measurements of the Earth’s Outgoing Radiation M. Meftah et al. 10.3390/rs13081449
- Energy Budget Constraints on the Time History of Aerosol Forcing and Climate Sensitivity C. Smith et al. 10.1029/2020JD033622
- Underlying drivers of decade-long fluctuation in the global mean sea-level rise H. Cha et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac3d58
- Variability and Drivers of Ocean Temperature Extremes in a Warming Western Boundary Current 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0622.1
- Height growth rate of Scots pine in Central Europe increased by 29% between 1900 and 2000 due to changes in site productivity J. Socha et al. 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119102
- Anthropogenic forcing and response yield observed positive trend in Earth’s energy imbalance S. Raghuraman et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-24544-4
- Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry F. Marti et al. 10.5194/essd-14-229-2022
- Metrological Evaluation of Deep-Ocean Thermometers A. Peruzzi et al. 10.3390/jmse9040398
- Enhanced hydrological cycle increases ocean heat uptake and moderates transient climate change M. Liu et al. 10.1038/s41558-021-01152-0
- Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress S. Abdalla et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2021.01.022
- Observed features of salinity bias with negative pressure dependency for measurements by SBE 41CP and SBE 61 CTD sensors on deep profiling floats T. Kobayashi et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102686
- Variations in Summer Marine Heatwaves in the South China Sea Y. Yao & C. Wang 10.1029/2021JC017792
- Snapshots of mean ocean temperature over the last 700 000 years using noble gases in the EPICA Dome C ice core M. Haeberli et al. 10.5194/cp-17-843-2021
- Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: Synthesizing Earth System Knowledge for Probabilistic Climate Projections Z. Nicholls et al. 10.1029/2020EF001900
- Extremes Rainfall Events on Riparian Flora and Vegetation in the Mediterranean Basin: A Challenging but Completely Unexplored Theme M. Pinna et al. 10.3390/w14050817
- Acutely Rising Temperature Reduces Photosynthetic Capacity of Phytoplankton Assemblages in Tropical Oceans: A Large-Scale Investigation G. Mai et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.710697
- Evaluation of Regional Surface Energy Budget Over Ocean Derived From Satellites S. Kato et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.688299
- Projected ocean warming constrained by the ocean observational record K. Lyu et al. 10.1038/s41558-021-01151-1
- Negentropy for the anthropocene; Stiegler, Maori and exosomatic memory R. Irwin & T. White 10.1080/00131857.2021.1970525
- Improving Ground Heat Flux Estimation: Considering the Effect of Freeze/Thaw Process on the Seasonally Frozen Ground J. Wang et al. 10.1029/2021JD035445
- First assessment of the earth heat inventory within CMIP5 historical simulations F. Cuesta-Valero et al. 10.5194/esd-12-581-2021
- Evolution and adaptation changes in dynamics of local climate systems in the context of climate-ecosystem equilibrium Y. Kolokolov & A. Monovskaya 10.1088/1755-1315/979/1/012107
- In Support of a Renewable Energy and Materials Economy: A Global Green New Deal That Includes Arctic Sea Ice Triage and Carbon Cycle Restoration R. Baiman 10.1177/04866134211032396
- Radiative Energy Flux Variation from 2001–2020 H. Dübal & F. Vahrenholt 10.3390/atmos12101297
- Increased risk of near term global warming due to a recent AMOC weakening R. Bonnet et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-26370-0
- Managing the risks of missing international climate targets G. Taylor & S. Vink 10.1016/j.crm.2021.100379
- Balancing a budget or running a deficit? The offset regime of carbon removal and solar geoengineering under a carbon budget S. Asayama et al. 10.1007/s10584-021-03174-1
- Recent Shift in the Warming of the Southern Oceans Modulated by Decadal Climate Variability L. Wang et al. 10.1029/2020GL090889
- Great Barrier Reef degradation, sea surface temperatures, and atmospheric CO2 levels collectively exhibit a stochastic process with memory A. Elnar et al. 10.1007/s00382-021-05831-8
- Trends, variability and predictive skill of the ocean heat content in North Atlantic: an analysis with the EC-Earth3 model T. Carmo-Costa et al. 10.1007/s00382-021-05962-y
- Long-term global ground heat flux and continental heat storage from geothermal data F. Cuesta-Valero et al. 10.5194/cp-17-451-2021
- Global and regional climate in 2020 J. Kennedy et al. 10.1002/wea.4087
- Modelling of the evolution of the multi-behavioural dynamics from the regulatory climate theory Y. Kolokolov & A. Monovskaya 10.1088/1742-6596/2001/1/012018
- Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Cohabitated Macroalgae in the Daya Bay, and Their Responses to Temperature Rises X. Shi et al. 10.3390/plants10112441
- Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation M. Horwath et al. 10.5194/essd-14-411-2022
- International Quality-Controlled Ocean Database (IQuOD) v0.1: The Temperature Uncertainty Specification R. Cowley et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.689695
- Another Record: Ocean Warming Continues through 2021 despite La Niña Conditions L. Cheng et al. 10.1007/s00376-022-1461-3
- Increasing the Depth of a Land Surface Model. Part II: Temperature Sensitivity to Improved Subsurface Thermodynamics and Associated Permafrost Response 10.1175/JHM-D-21-0023.1
- Adiabatic and Diabatic Signatures of Ocean Temperature Variability R. Holmes et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0695.1
- Climatological seasonal variation of the upper ocean salinity Y. Liu et al. 10.1002/joc.7428
- Quantifying Spread in Spatiotemporal Changes of Upper-Ocean Heat Content Estimates: An Internationally Coordinated Comparison A. Savita et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0603.1
- Argo—Two Decades: Global Oceanography, Revolutionized G. Johnson et al. 10.1146/annurev-marine-022521-102008
- Trends and variability in polar sea ice, global atmospheric circulations, and baroclinicity I. Simmonds & M. Li 10.1111/nyas.14673
- Minimal CMIP Emulator (MCE v1.2): a new simplified method for probabilistic climate projections J. Tsutsui 10.5194/gmd-15-951-2022
- Understanding the Increasing Hot Extremes over the Northern Extratropics Using Community Atmosphere Model S. Zhao et al. 10.1007/s13143-021-00264-z
- Origins of a Relatively Tight Lower Bound on Anthropogenic Aerosol Radiative Forcing from Bayesian Analysis of Historical Observations A. Albright et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0167.1
- It’s the Heat and the Humidity: The Complementary Roles of Temperature and Specific Humidity to Recent Changes in the Energy Content of the Near‐Surface Atmosphere P. Stoy et al. 10.1029/2021GL096628
- Formation and Transport of the South Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water in Eddy‐Permitting Observations Y. Chen et al. 10.1029/2021JC017767
- An Overview of Ocean Climate Change Indicators: Sea Surface Temperature, Ocean Heat Content, Ocean pH, Dissolved Oxygen Concentration, Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Thickness and Volume, Sea Level and Strength of the AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) C. Garcia-Soto et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.642372
- Variability in the global energy budget and transports 1985–2017 C. Liu et al. 10.1007/s00382-020-05451-8
- The interpretation of temperature and salinity variables in numerical ocean model output and the calculation of heat fluxes and heat content T. McDougall et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-6445-2021
- Increasing the Depth of a Land Surface Model. Part I: Impacts on the Subsurface Thermal Regime and Energy Storage 10.1175/JHM-D-21-0024.1
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 26 Jan 2023
Short summary
Understanding how much and where the heat is distributed in the Earth system is fundamental to understanding how this affects warming oceans, atmosphere and land, rising temperatures and sea level, and loss of grounded and floating ice, which are fundamental concerns for society. This study is a Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) concerted international effort to obtain the Earth heat inventory over the period 1960–2018.
Understanding how much and where the heat is distributed in the Earth system is fundamental to...