3D crustal model of Southern Apennines (Italy) by integrating geological, geophysical and petrophysical constraints

Abstract. The Southern Apennines in Italy represent a geologically complex and seismically active region shaped by the ongoing convergence between the African and Eurasian plates. In this study, we present a high-resolution 3D crustal model of the Southern Apennines, parameterized on a 5 × 5 × 1 km³ grid and constructed through the systematic integration of geological, geophysical, and petrophysical data. The considered dataset includes laboratory velocity measurements (v_p) under different pressure and temperature conditions, stratigraphic well logs, seismic tomography (v_p), and geophysical models from inversion of gravimetric and magnetic data. Pressure- and temperature-dependent corrections were applied to P-wave velocities derived from regional seismic tomography, enabling us to delineate key intra-crustal boundaries, including the top of the Mesozoic limestones, the base of the Mesozoic sedimentary succession, the onset of the felsic crystalline basement, and the deeper transition to mafic, gabbroic lower-crustal units, within a 3D volume extending down to the Moho discontinuity. This modelling strategy ensures full internal consistency across spatial scales and tectonic domains, and is validated using independent borehole data, receiver functions, and other geophysical interpretations. The resulting 3D volume offers a robust framework for investigating crustal architecture and supports applications in geophysical modeling and seismic hazard assessments. All datasets are openly accessible under FAIR principles, promoting transparency, reproducibility, and interdisciplinary reuse of the results.