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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ESSDD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Earth System Science Data Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ESSDD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1866-3591</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/essd-2026-513</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>3D crustal model of Southern Apennines (Italy) by integrating geological, geophysical and petrophysical constraints</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Perrini</surname>
<given-names>Maddalena</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>De Landro</surname>
<given-names>Grazia</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-1357</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gola</surname>
<given-names>Gianluca</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Accomando</surname>
<given-names>Filippo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fedi</surname>
<given-names>Maurizio</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-2271</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kastelic</surname>
<given-names>Vanja</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7751-0055</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tizzani</surname>
<given-names>Pietro</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-5674</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Di Naccio</surname>
<given-names>Deborah</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0344-1173</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Carafa</surname>
<given-names>Michele Matteo Cosimo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5463-463X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Falcone</surname>
<given-names>Giuseppe</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-4421</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Taroni</surname>
<given-names>Matteo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zollo</surname>
<given-names>Aldo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8191-9566</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Castaldo</surname>
<given-names>Raffaele</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8425-0781</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli, “Federico II”, Naples, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse (IGG), CNR, Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (ISAFoM), CNR, Portici, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra (DiSTAR), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), L’Aquila, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente (IREA), CNR, Naples, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Roma, Italia</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>09</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Maddalena Perrini et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-513/">This article is available from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-513/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-513/essd-2026-513.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-513/essd-2026-513.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The Southern Apennines in Italy represent a geologically complex and seismically active region shaped by the ongoing convergence between the African and Eurasian plates. In this study, we present a high-resolution 3D crustal model of the Southern Apennines, parameterized on a 5 &amp;times; 5 &amp;times; 1 km&amp;sup3; grid and constructed through the systematic integration of geological, geophysical, and petrophysical data. The considered dataset includes laboratory velocity measurements (&lt;em&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) under different pressure and temperature conditions, stratigraphic well logs, seismic tomography (&lt;em&gt;v&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;), and geophysical models from inversion of gravimetric and magnetic data. Pressure- and temperature-dependent corrections were applied to P-wave velocities derived from regional seismic tomography, enabling us to delineate key intra-crustal boundaries, including the top of the Mesozoic limestones, the base of the Mesozoic sedimentary succession, the onset of the felsic crystalline basement, and the deeper transition to mafic, gabbroic lower-crustal units, within a 3D volume extending down to the Moho discontinuity. This modelling strategy ensures full internal consistency across spatial scales and tectonic domains, and is validated using independent borehole data, receiver functions, and other geophysical interpretations. The resulting 3D volume offers a robust framework for investigating crustal architecture and supports applications in geophysical modeling and seismic hazard assessments. All datasets are openly accessible under FAIR principles, promoting transparency, reproducibility, and interdisciplinary reuse of the results.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>NextGenerationEU</funding-source>
<award-id>TRHAM - PRIN 2022 PNRR (code: P202299L2C)</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
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