the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 14 Oct 2025
A Global Surface Turbulence Heat Flux Dataset resolving tropical cyclones
Abstract. The Global Surface Turbulence Heat Flux Dataset (GHFD) presents a dataset of surface latent heat flux and sensible heat flux, at spatial resolutions of 0.25°×0.25° and daily available from 1993 to 2023. The GHFD is generated using the IBTrACS, OISST, CCMP, Copernicus Marine, and ERA5 datasets, with the wind speed field adjusted to incorporate tropical cyclone (TC) information and using the COARE 3.6 algorithm to conduct the heat flux calculations. The GHFD includes seven meteorological elements at the air-sea interface, including surface latent and sensible heat flux, 2-m specific humidity, sea surface temperature, 2-m air temperature, sea surface salinity and 10-m wind speed. A comparison between GHFD and various flux products (J-OFURO 3, OAFlux, ifremerflux) in terms of the fundamental components is conducted with moored observation data, in-situ observation data, and high-resolution simulation data. Results show an improvement of GHFD compared to the other three flux products in resolving TCs. The GHFD dataset in NetCDF format is freely available for download at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.24400 (Peng et al., 2025).
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- RC1: 'Comment on essd-2025-528', Anonymous Referee #1, 12 Feb 2026 reply
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A Global Surface Turbulence Heat Flux Dataset resolving tropical cyclones Weixiang Peng, Zhanhong Ma, Deyuan Zhang, Hexin Ye, and Jianfang Fei https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.24400
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Various global datasets for air-sea latent and sensible heat fluxes have been available in recent years. This database is particularly original in its approach to representing aor-sea latent and sensible heat flux within tropical cyclones. However, unfortunately, at the time of review, I was unable to access the site (https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.24400 ).
I would like to commend the efforts regarding the tropical cyclone area, particularly the strong wind distribution. On the other hand, I would like to confirm whether the average wind speed used for evaluating latent and sensible heat fluxes is a 1-minute average or a 10-minute average. In the IBtRACS dataset, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standard dataset uses 10-minute average wind speeds. However, 1-minute average wind speeds are commonly used when dealing with Atlantic and Eastern Pacific hurricanes. At the very least, this paper should clearly indicate to users which average time scale was used, or whether a 2-minute average was adopted following the China Meteorological Administration's definition.
The results of numerical simulations should describe the specifications used in the simulation (such as the model adopted—whether it is an atmosphere-ocean coupled model—and the horizontal resolution). It is desirable to explicitly state the differences from COARE3.6. In addition to sensible and latent heat fluxes, it is desirable to make comparisons of 2-m air temperature, 2-m specific humidity, and 10-m wind speed. For simulations using an atmosphere-ocean coupled model, comparison of salinity concentrations would be also possible.
Carefully include captions for both the main text and supplementary material to ensure that readers can easily understand. For supplementary material, do not simply list figures and tables; explain which part of the main text they supplement.
There is a scarcity of in-situ observational data beneath tropical depressions for calculating latent and sensible heat fluxes, leaving questions about the reliability of satellite-based estimates. Even with current technology, direct observations using sail drones remain challenging, particularly due to the effects of sea spray and platform sway. In this sense, explaining the significance of releasing this dataset in the introduction serves as a consideration for the general reader to prevent misunderstandings.