A multiyear eddy covariance and meteorological dataset from five pairs of agroforestry systems with open cropland or grassland in Northern Germany

Abstract. Agroforestry systems are considered suitable nature-based solutions to mitigate climate change. Long-term measurements of CO₂ fluxes, evapotranspiration and sensible heat fluxes are, however, largely still missing. Here we present a unique eddy covariance and meteorological dataset from a total of ten stations paired over agroforestry and open cropland or grassland agricultural sites located in Northern Germany. The data were harmonized to create a consistent dataset which includes gap-filled time series of meteorological and lower-cost eddy covariance measurements with identical instrumentation, accounting for a total of seventy eight site-years of data. The objective of this dataset is to provide observational data on the differences of meteorological conditions, carbon, water and energy balances of adjacent agroforestry and open cropland or grassland sites in five distinct climatic regions of Germany. This extensive, continuous dataset can be used to study ecosystem properties and the potential benefits of agroforestry. It can also be used to parametrize models on crop and biomass productivity, or to evaluate the response of such agroecosystems to climate change scenarios, among other applications. Anticipated key users of this dataset are researchers in the fields of micrometeorology, eddy covariance, agronomy, and ecosystem modeling. This dataset can be accessed through https://doi.org/10.25625/A2Z8T8 (Callejas-Rodelas et al., 2025b).