A full-coverage satellite-based global atmospheric CO₂ dataset at 0.05° resolution from 2015 to 2021 for exploring global carbon dynamics

Abstract. The irreversible trend for global warming underscores the necessity for accurate monitoring and analysis of atmospheric carbon dynamics on a global scale. Carbon satellites hold significant potential for atmospheric CO₂ monitoring. However, existing studies on global CO₂ are constrained by coarse resolution (ranging from 0.25° to 2°) and limited spatial coverage. In this study, we developed a new global dataset of column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO₂ (XCO₂) at 0.05° resolution with full coverage using carbon satellite observations, multi-source satellite products, and an improved deep learning model. We then investigated changes in global atmospheric CO₂ and anomalies from 2015 to 2021. The reconstructed XCO₂ products show a better agreement with Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements, with R² of 0.92 and RSME of 1.54 ppm. The products also provide more accurate information on the global and regional spatial patterns of XCO₂ compared to origin carbon satellite monitoring and previous XCO₂ products. The global pattern of XCO₂ exhibited a distinct increasing trend with a growth rate of 2.32 ppm/year, reaching 414.00 ppm in 2021. Globally, XCO₂ showed obvious spatial variability across different latitudes and continents. Higher XCO₂ concentrations were primarily observed in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in regions with intensive anthropogenic activity, such as East Asia and North America. We also validated the effectiveness of our XCO₂ products in detecting intensive CO₂ emission sources. The XCO₂ dataset is publicly accessible on the Zenodo platform at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12706142 (Wang et al., 2024). Our findings represent a promising advancement in monitoring carbon emission across various countries and enhancing the understanding of global carbon dynamics.