Integration of global precipitation stable isotope data

Chen, Longhu; Wang, Qinqin; Zhu, Guofeng; Li, Rui; Lu, Siyu; Lin, Xinrui; Qiu, Dongdong; Meng, Gaojia; Jiao, Yinying; Wang, Yuhao; Liu, Jing; He, Yutong; Li, Yanan

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171

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https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171

Preprints

12 Aug 2024

| 12 Aug 2024

Status: this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors.

Integration of global precipitation stable isotope data

Longhu Chen, Qinqin Wang, Guofeng Zhu, Rui Li, Siyu Lu, Xinrui Lin, Dongdong Qiu, Gaojia Meng, Yinying Jiao, Yuhao Wang, Jing Liu, Yutong He, and Yanan Li

Abstract. Precipitation plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle and is vital for water resources management, climate change research, and ecosystem conservation. Precipitation stable isotopes serve as the "fingerprints" of precipitation, which can clearly trace the formation, transport, and subsequent processes of precipitation. However, due to the scarcity of precipitation stable isotope data, we face challenges of temporal discontinuity and spatial heterogeneity when studying it at large to medium scales. Therefore, we compiled precipitation hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) from 2059 global sites spanning from 1961 to 2023, totaling 141,624 records. Our study indicates significant variations of global precipitation stable isotopes both spatially and temporally. Spatially, the isotopic composition of precipitation in different regions varies significantly due to factors such as geographical location, underlying surface conditions, and atmospheric circulation. Temporally, δ¹⁸O and δ²H show decreasing trends, while d-excess shows an increasing trend, with the impact of global temperature rise being very apparent. This precipitation stable isotope dataset provides robust support for our understanding of global precipitation changes and climate change. Through further investigation of precipitation stable isotope data, we hope to uncover more mechanisms and influencing factors of precipitation processes, providing a more accurate basis for the assessment and prediction of climate and water resource changes.

This preprint has been withdrawn.

Received: 07 May 2024 – Discussion started: 12 Aug 2024

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Longhu Chen, Qinqin Wang, Guofeng Zhu, Rui Li, Siyu Lu, Xinrui Lin, Dongdong Qiu, Gaojia Meng, Yinying Jiao, Yuhao Wang, Jing Liu, Yutong He, and Yanan Li

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

CC1:
'Comment on essd-2024-171', Gabriel Bowen, 29 Aug 2024
I will not offer judgement on the scientific merit of this manuscript, but am concerned about the following points:
The authors do not follow the citation/attribution guidelines provided by the 2 large databases that they 'compile' into the current dataset, namely: https://wateriso.utah.edu/waterisotopes/pages/spatial_db/data_use.html and https://nucleus.iaea.org/wiser (note that the latter link requires sign-in).

The manuscript fails to reference or discuss much of the extensive literature, old and new, that deals with spatial (e.g., Rozanski et al., 1993; Bowen and Revenaugh, 2003; Bowen et al., 2019, Terzer et al., 2021, and many, many others) and temporal (Rozanski et al., 1992; Putman et al., 2021, many other regional studies) patterns in global precipitation isotope ratios.

I don't believe that publication of the current work is appropriate until these issues are resolved.
---
Bowen, G. J., Cai, Z., Fiorella, R. P., & Putman, A. L. (2019). Isotopes in the Water Cycle: Regional- to Global-Scale Patterns and Applications. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 47, 453-479. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060220
Bowen, G. J., & Revenaugh, J. (2003). Interpolating the isotopic composition of modern meteoric precipitation. Water Resources Research, 39, 1299. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002086
Putman, A. L., Bowen, G. J., & Strong, C. (2021). Local and regional modes of hydroclimatic change expressed in modern multidecadal precipitation oxygen isotope trends. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(5). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl092006
Rozanski, K., Araguas-Araguas, L., & Gonfiantini, R. (1992). Relation-between long-term trends of oxygen-18 isotope composition of precipitation and climate. Science, 258(5084), 981-985.
Rozanski, K., Araguás-Araguás, L., & Gonfiantini, R. (1993). Isotopic patterns in modern global precipitation. In Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records (Vol. 78, pp. 1-36). AGU. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM078p0001
Terzer‐Wassmuth, S., Wassenaar, L. I., Welker, J. M., & Araguás‐Araguás, L. J. (2021). Improved high‐resolution global and regionalized isoscapes of δ18O , δ2H. Hydrological Processes, 35(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14254
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-CC1
- AC1: 'Reply on CC1', Guofeng Zhu, 15 Oct 2024
  
  Dear Professor/Dr. Gabriel Bowen,
  We sincerely appreciate your review of our manuscript and the valuable comments you provided during the public discussion. We take your concerns very seriously and are committed to thoroughly addressing them. We recognize that merely providing links to the raw data in our paper is insufficient. Therefore, we will remove the relevant datasets and re-evaluate the data usage norms to ensure the avoidance of any improper use. Additionally, we kindly request that the editorial office return our manuscript so that we can make the necessary revisions and resubmit it for further review.
  First and foremost, we apologize for not properly adhering to the citation and acknowledgment guidelines of the two main databases (https://wateriso.utah.edu/waterisotopes/pages/spatial_db/data_use.html and https://nucleus.iaea.org/wiser). We understand the importance of correctly citing and following data usage guidelines. In the next version of the manuscript, we will carefully review and strictly comply with the requirements of these databases, incorporating the necessary citations, acknowledgments, and statements to ensure complete alignment with their data usage policies.
  Secondly, we regret that we did not sufficiently reference and discuss the vast literature related to the spatiotemporal patterns of global precipitation isotope ratios. The studies you mentioned (such as Rozanski et al., 1992, 1993; Bowen and Revenaugh, 2003; Bowen et al., 2019; Putman et al., 2021; Terzer et al., 2021) are indeed fundamental to this research field. In our revisions, we will comprehensively review these important works and incorporate relevant discussions and citations into the manuscript. We will also clearly outline how our work builds upon and contributes to the existing body of knowledge.
  Thank you once again for your detailed review and valuable suggestions. Your feedback provides essential guidance for us to improve and enhance the manuscript. We will undertake comprehensive revisions in accordance with your comments to meet publication standards.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-AC1
CC2:
'Comment on essd-2024-171', Jodie Miller, 10 Oct 2024

We second the comments made by G. Bowen as regards the provenance of a huge share of the data incorporated in the data supplement (Integration of global precipitation stable isotope data, https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/9gxtc4xzv9/1), and we share the concerns about the provisions for data usage which we see insufficiently adhered to. Irrespective of an eventual “non-redistributable clause” in the data usage statements, the dataset uploaded to Mendeley lacks any reference to the data source and impedes any differentiation between the author’s own work, and data that were downloaded from publicly accessible repositories. This could insinuate to users not familiar with the data provenance that all data were the author’s own work.

We agree with G. Bowen that it is not appropriate to proceed unless the data issue has been resolved, i.e. by removing the data obtained from WISER and waterisotopes.org and providing a link to those data instead. To us, this is the only way of clearly distinguishing the contribution of the authors from existing publicly available data that has been used and interpreted by many others already.
We wish to caution the users that, when isotope data are made publicly available, the funding of the structures to do so, depend on providing an impact metric, usually by citation- or download statistics. Any attempt by users to bypass this system may, ultimately, lead to diminished funding for public repositories and reduced data availability. We furthermore caution that the usage of “static database snapshots”, as is the referenced one, bears the risk that updates in those databases are not included, and those who use such a snapshot run the risk of not getting the best possible dataset.

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-CC2
- AC2:
  'Reply on CC2', Guofeng Zhu, 15 Oct 2024
  Dear Professor/Dr. Jodie Miller,
  First and foremost, we sincerely appreciate the valuable comments you and Professor G. Bowen provided regarding our work. We deeply recognize the importance of clear data sourcing and adherence to data usage regulations in academic research.
  In response to your concerns about data sourcing and usage permissions, we understand that the previous version may not have adequately distinguished our own research data from data obtained from public databases (such as WISER and waterisotopes.org). We apologize for this oversight.
  To rectify this issue, we plan to take the following measures:
  Remove Data Obtained from WISER and waterisotopes.org**: We will delete these datasets from our collection to avoid any potential copyright or usage licensing issues.
  
  Clarify Data Sources**: The updated dataset will clearly label the source of each portion of data to distinguish our original work from the publicly cited data.
  
  We fully agree with your perspective on the importance of supporting public databases. Proper citation and data acquisition practices are essential for ensuring the ongoing operation and updating of these resources.
  Thank you once again for your insights.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-AC2
EC1:
'Comment on essd-2024-171', Yue Qin, 16 Oct 2024

Based on recent inquiries regarding potential misuse of publicly accessible datasets in the preprint manuscript ESSD-2024-171, the editorial team has conducted a thorough review of the situation. Feedback from the IAEA and independent reviewers indicates that the manuscript may have included external data without fully adhering to proper citation protocols. Therefore, we have requested that the authors withdraw the manuscript, allowing them an opportunity to revise it with appropriate references and data usage clarifications. We appreciate both the public and relevant experts for bringing this issue to our attention, as well as the authors’ prompt response and commitment to addressing these concerns.

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-EC1
- AC3: 'Reply on EC1', Guofeng Zhu, 21 Oct 2024
  
  Dear Editor,
  Thank you for your review and feedback on our manuscript. We greatly appreciate your concerns regarding the citation and proper use of data, and we sincerely apologize for this oversight. We fully understand the importance of accurately citing external data in academic research and are committed to ensuring that all data is correctly cited and used in accordance with the standards and requirements of the journal and public databases.
  Therefore, we have decided to withdraw our manuscript and make significant revisions to the dataset and the article. We sincerely appreciate the valuable feedback provided by you and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), as well as the attention of relevant experts to this issue. We will make the necessary revisions as soon as possible and resubmit the manuscript upon completion.
  Thank you once again for your support and understanding of our work.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-AC3

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

CC1:
'Comment on essd-2024-171', Gabriel Bowen, 29 Aug 2024
I will not offer judgement on the scientific merit of this manuscript, but am concerned about the following points:
The authors do not follow the citation/attribution guidelines provided by the 2 large databases that they 'compile' into the current dataset, namely: https://wateriso.utah.edu/waterisotopes/pages/spatial_db/data_use.html and https://nucleus.iaea.org/wiser (note that the latter link requires sign-in).

The manuscript fails to reference or discuss much of the extensive literature, old and new, that deals with spatial (e.g., Rozanski et al., 1993; Bowen and Revenaugh, 2003; Bowen et al., 2019, Terzer et al., 2021, and many, many others) and temporal (Rozanski et al., 1992; Putman et al., 2021, many other regional studies) patterns in global precipitation isotope ratios.

I don't believe that publication of the current work is appropriate until these issues are resolved.
---
Bowen, G. J., Cai, Z., Fiorella, R. P., & Putman, A. L. (2019). Isotopes in the Water Cycle: Regional- to Global-Scale Patterns and Applications. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 47, 453-479. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060220
Bowen, G. J., & Revenaugh, J. (2003). Interpolating the isotopic composition of modern meteoric precipitation. Water Resources Research, 39, 1299. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002086
Putman, A. L., Bowen, G. J., & Strong, C. (2021). Local and regional modes of hydroclimatic change expressed in modern multidecadal precipitation oxygen isotope trends. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(5). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl092006
Rozanski, K., Araguas-Araguas, L., & Gonfiantini, R. (1992). Relation-between long-term trends of oxygen-18 isotope composition of precipitation and climate. Science, 258(5084), 981-985.
Rozanski, K., Araguás-Araguás, L., & Gonfiantini, R. (1993). Isotopic patterns in modern global precipitation. In Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records (Vol. 78, pp. 1-36). AGU. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM078p0001
Terzer‐Wassmuth, S., Wassenaar, L. I., Welker, J. M., & Araguás‐Araguás, L. J. (2021). Improved high‐resolution global and regionalized isoscapes of δ18O , δ2H. Hydrological Processes, 35(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14254
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-CC1
- AC1: 'Reply on CC1', Guofeng Zhu, 15 Oct 2024
  
  Dear Professor/Dr. Gabriel Bowen,
  We sincerely appreciate your review of our manuscript and the valuable comments you provided during the public discussion. We take your concerns very seriously and are committed to thoroughly addressing them. We recognize that merely providing links to the raw data in our paper is insufficient. Therefore, we will remove the relevant datasets and re-evaluate the data usage norms to ensure the avoidance of any improper use. Additionally, we kindly request that the editorial office return our manuscript so that we can make the necessary revisions and resubmit it for further review.
  First and foremost, we apologize for not properly adhering to the citation and acknowledgment guidelines of the two main databases (https://wateriso.utah.edu/waterisotopes/pages/spatial_db/data_use.html and https://nucleus.iaea.org/wiser). We understand the importance of correctly citing and following data usage guidelines. In the next version of the manuscript, we will carefully review and strictly comply with the requirements of these databases, incorporating the necessary citations, acknowledgments, and statements to ensure complete alignment with their data usage policies.
  Secondly, we regret that we did not sufficiently reference and discuss the vast literature related to the spatiotemporal patterns of global precipitation isotope ratios. The studies you mentioned (such as Rozanski et al., 1992, 1993; Bowen and Revenaugh, 2003; Bowen et al., 2019; Putman et al., 2021; Terzer et al., 2021) are indeed fundamental to this research field. In our revisions, we will comprehensively review these important works and incorporate relevant discussions and citations into the manuscript. We will also clearly outline how our work builds upon and contributes to the existing body of knowledge.
  Thank you once again for your detailed review and valuable suggestions. Your feedback provides essential guidance for us to improve and enhance the manuscript. We will undertake comprehensive revisions in accordance with your comments to meet publication standards.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-AC1
CC2:
'Comment on essd-2024-171', Jodie Miller, 10 Oct 2024

We second the comments made by G. Bowen as regards the provenance of a huge share of the data incorporated in the data supplement (Integration of global precipitation stable isotope data, https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/9gxtc4xzv9/1), and we share the concerns about the provisions for data usage which we see insufficiently adhered to. Irrespective of an eventual “non-redistributable clause” in the data usage statements, the dataset uploaded to Mendeley lacks any reference to the data source and impedes any differentiation between the author’s own work, and data that were downloaded from publicly accessible repositories. This could insinuate to users not familiar with the data provenance that all data were the author’s own work.

We agree with G. Bowen that it is not appropriate to proceed unless the data issue has been resolved, i.e. by removing the data obtained from WISER and waterisotopes.org and providing a link to those data instead. To us, this is the only way of clearly distinguishing the contribution of the authors from existing publicly available data that has been used and interpreted by many others already.
We wish to caution the users that, when isotope data are made publicly available, the funding of the structures to do so, depend on providing an impact metric, usually by citation- or download statistics. Any attempt by users to bypass this system may, ultimately, lead to diminished funding for public repositories and reduced data availability. We furthermore caution that the usage of “static database snapshots”, as is the referenced one, bears the risk that updates in those databases are not included, and those who use such a snapshot run the risk of not getting the best possible dataset.

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-CC2
- AC2:
  'Reply on CC2', Guofeng Zhu, 15 Oct 2024
  Dear Professor/Dr. Jodie Miller,
  First and foremost, we sincerely appreciate the valuable comments you and Professor G. Bowen provided regarding our work. We deeply recognize the importance of clear data sourcing and adherence to data usage regulations in academic research.
  In response to your concerns about data sourcing and usage permissions, we understand that the previous version may not have adequately distinguished our own research data from data obtained from public databases (such as WISER and waterisotopes.org). We apologize for this oversight.
  To rectify this issue, we plan to take the following measures:
  Remove Data Obtained from WISER and waterisotopes.org**: We will delete these datasets from our collection to avoid any potential copyright or usage licensing issues.
  
  Clarify Data Sources**: The updated dataset will clearly label the source of each portion of data to distinguish our original work from the publicly cited data.
  
  We fully agree with your perspective on the importance of supporting public databases. Proper citation and data acquisition practices are essential for ensuring the ongoing operation and updating of these resources.
  Thank you once again for your insights.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-AC2
EC1:
'Comment on essd-2024-171', Yue Qin, 16 Oct 2024

Based on recent inquiries regarding potential misuse of publicly accessible datasets in the preprint manuscript ESSD-2024-171, the editorial team has conducted a thorough review of the situation. Feedback from the IAEA and independent reviewers indicates that the manuscript may have included external data without fully adhering to proper citation protocols. Therefore, we have requested that the authors withdraw the manuscript, allowing them an opportunity to revise it with appropriate references and data usage clarifications. We appreciate both the public and relevant experts for bringing this issue to our attention, as well as the authors’ prompt response and commitment to addressing these concerns.

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-EC1
- AC3: 'Reply on EC1', Guofeng Zhu, 21 Oct 2024
  
  Dear Editor,
  Thank you for your review and feedback on our manuscript. We greatly appreciate your concerns regarding the citation and proper use of data, and we sincerely apologize for this oversight. We fully understand the importance of accurately citing external data in academic research and are committed to ensuring that all data is correctly cited and used in accordance with the standards and requirements of the journal and public databases.
  Therefore, we have decided to withdraw our manuscript and make significant revisions to the dataset and the article. We sincerely appreciate the valuable feedback provided by you and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), as well as the attention of relevant experts to this issue. We will make the necessary revisions as soon as possible and resubmit the manuscript upon completion.
  Thank you once again for your support and understanding of our work.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-171-AC3

Longhu Chen, Qinqin Wang, Guofeng Zhu, Rui Li, Siyu Lu, Xinrui Lin, Dongdong Qiu, Gaojia Meng, Yinying Jiao, Yuhao Wang, Jing Liu, Yutong He, and Yanan Li

Data sets

Integration of global precipitation stable isotope data Guofeng Zhu https://doi.org/10.17632/9gxtc4xzv9.1

Longhu Chen, Qinqin Wang, Guofeng Zhu, Rui Li, Siyu Lu, Xinrui Lin, Dongdong Qiu, Gaojia Meng, Yinying Jiao, Yuhao Wang, Jing Liu, Yutong He, and Yanan Li

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This study provides a dataset of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes from 2,059 sites worldwide, showing variations in global precipitation isotopes since 1961. The dataset offers insights into climate variability and water resource management.


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