Articles | Volume 9, issue 1 
            
                
                    
            
            
            https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-149-2017
                    © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-149-2017
                    © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Reconstruction of spatially detailed global map of NH4+ and NO3− application in synthetic nitrogen fertilizer
                                            National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
                                        
                                    Akihiko Ito
                                            National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
                                        
                                    Naota Hanasaki
                                            National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
                                        
                                    Seiji Hayashi
                                            National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
                                        
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Cited
45 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Historical nitrogen fertilizer use in China from 1952 to 2018 Z. Yu et al. 10.5194/essd-14-5179-2022
 - Nitrous Oxide Emissions Estimated With the CarbonTracker‐Lagrange North American Regional Inversion Framework C. Nevison et al. 10.1002/2017GB005759
 - Remote Sensing Soil Freeze‐Thaw Status and North American N2O Emissions From a Regional Inversion C. Nevison et al. 10.1029/2023GB007759
 - Global riverine nitrous oxide emissions: The role of small streams and large rivers A. Marzadri et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145148
 - Can cropland management practices lower net greenhouse emissions without compromising yield? Z. Shang et al. 10.1111/gcb.15796
 - Global ammonia emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applications in agricultural systems: Empirical and process‐based estimates and uncertainty R. Xu et al. 10.1111/gcb.14499
 - Food nitrogen footprint reductions related to a balanced Japanese diet A. Oita et al. 10.1007/s13280-017-0944-4
 - Soil Methanotrophy Model (MeMo v1.0): a process-based model to quantify global uptake of atmospheric methane by soil F. Murguia-Flores et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-2009-2018
 - Estimating nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in streams and rivers, within a machine learning framework L. Shen et al. 10.1038/s41597-020-0478-7
 - Global Uptake of Atmospheric Methane by Soil From 1900 to 2100 F. Murguia‐Flores et al. 10.1029/2020GB006774
 - Historical trends of riverine nitrogen loading from land to the East China Sea: a model-based evaluation K. Nishina et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/ac1ce8
 - Large sub-regional differences of ammonia seasonal patterns over India reveal inventory discrepancies C. Beale et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac881f
 - Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the LPJ-GUESS model (v4.1) J. Ma et al. 10.5194/gmd-18-3131-2025
 - Increased nitrogen enrichment and shifted patterns in the world's grassland: 1860–2016 R. Xu et al. 10.5194/essd-11-175-2019
 - Effects of watershed land use on coastal marine environments: A multiscale exploratory analysis with multiple biogeochemical indicators in fringing coral reefs of Okinawa Island T. Sakamaki et al. 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114054
 - NO3−/NH4+ proportions affect cadmium bioaccumulation and tolerance of tomato R. Nogueirol et al. 10.1007/s11356-018-1588-z
 - Global soil nitrous oxide emissions since the preindustrial era estimated by an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models: Magnitude, attribution, and uncertainty H. Tian et al. 10.1111/gcb.14514
 - Reactive nitrogen losses via denitrification assessed in saturated agricultural soils G. Castaldelli et al. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.018
 - Global anthropogenic and natural nutrient fluxes: from local to planetary assessments A. Malagó & F. Bouraoui 10.1088/1748-9326/abe95f
 - Quantifying patterns, sources and uncertainty of nitrous oxide emissions from global grazing lands: Nitrogen forms are the determinant factors for estimation and mitigation H. Song et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104080
 - Global integrated modeling framework of riverine dissolved inorganic nitrogen with seasonal variation Y. Huang et al. 10.3178/hrl.15.50
 - Quantification of global and national nitrogen budgets for crop production X. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s43016-021-00318-5
 - Integrating major agricultural practices into the TRIPLEX-GHG model v2.0 for simulating global cropland nitrous oxide emissions: Development, sensitivity analysis and site evaluation H. Song et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156945
 - A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium C. Ludemann et al. 10.5194/essd-16-525-2024
 - Global nitrogen deposition inputs to cropland at national scale from 1961 to 2020 S. Vishwakarma et al. 10.1038/s41597-023-02385-8
 - Identification of current research intensity and influence factors of agricultural nitrogen loss from cropping systems Y. Zhang & Q. Yu 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123308
 - Increased global nitrous oxide emissions from streams and rivers in the Anthropocene Y. Yao et al. 10.1038/s41558-019-0665-8
 - Genome-wide association study of rice vegetative growth under ammonium or nitrate nutrition P. Kasemsap et al. 10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110281
 - An Integrated Agriculture, Atmosphere, and Hydrology Modeling System for Ecosystem Assessments L. Ran et al. 10.1029/2019MS001708
 - Effects of nitrogen enrichment on soil enzyme activities in grassland ecosystems in China: A multilevel meta-analysis J. SHI et al. 10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.10.006
 - Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil surfaces and their historical changes in East Asia: a model-based assessment A. Ito et al. 10.1186/s40645-018-0215-4
 - Historical nitrogen fertilizer use in agricultural ecosystems of the contiguous United States during 1850–2015: application rate, timing, and fertilizer types P. Cao et al. 10.5194/essd-10-969-2018
 - Global crop-specific nitrogen fertilization dataset in 1961–2020 W. Adalibieke et al. 10.1038/s41597-023-02526-z
 - Climate change rivals fertilizer use in driving soil nitrous oxide emissions in the northern high latitudes: Insights from terrestrial biosphere models N. Pan et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109297
 - Ridge–furrow rainfall harvesting system helps to improve stability, benefits and precipitation utilization efficiency of maize production in Loess Plateau region of China G. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107360
 - Global manure nitrogen production and application in cropland during 1860–2014: a 5 arcmin gridded global dataset for Earth system modeling B. Zhang et al. 10.5194/essd-9-667-2017
 - Why is the Indo-Gangetic Plain the region with the largest NH3 column in the globe during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons? T. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-20-8727-2020
 - Long-term historical trends in air pollutant emissions in Asia: Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 3 J. Kurokawa & T. Ohara 10.5194/acp-20-12761-2020
 - Developing county-level data of nitrogen fertilizer and manure inputs for corn production in the United States Y. Xia et al. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126957
 - History of anthropogenic Nitrogen inputs (HaNi) to the terrestrial biosphere: a 5 arcmin resolution annual dataset from 1860 to 2019 H. Tian et al. 10.5194/essd-14-4551-2022
 - An agent-based model to simulate field-specific nitrogen fertilizer applications in grasslands A. Kaim et al. 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127539
 - Significant Global Yield-Gap Closing Is Possible Without Increasing the Intensity of Environmentally Harmful Nitrogen Losses A. Smerald et al. 10.3389/fsufs.2022.736394
 - Options to model the effects of tillage on N2O emissions at the global scale F. Lutz et al. 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.11.015
 - Worldwide Maize and Soybean Yield Response to Environmental and Management Factors Over the 20th and 21st Centuries T. Lin et al. 10.1029/2021JG006304
 - Global Crop-Specific Fertilization Dataset from 1961–2019 F. Coello et al. 10.1038/s41597-024-04215-x
 
45 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Historical nitrogen fertilizer use in China from 1952 to 2018 Z. Yu et al. 10.5194/essd-14-5179-2022
 - Nitrous Oxide Emissions Estimated With the CarbonTracker‐Lagrange North American Regional Inversion Framework C. Nevison et al. 10.1002/2017GB005759
 - Remote Sensing Soil Freeze‐Thaw Status and North American N2O Emissions From a Regional Inversion C. Nevison et al. 10.1029/2023GB007759
 - Global riverine nitrous oxide emissions: The role of small streams and large rivers A. Marzadri et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145148
 - Can cropland management practices lower net greenhouse emissions without compromising yield? Z. Shang et al. 10.1111/gcb.15796
 - Global ammonia emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applications in agricultural systems: Empirical and process‐based estimates and uncertainty R. Xu et al. 10.1111/gcb.14499
 - Food nitrogen footprint reductions related to a balanced Japanese diet A. Oita et al. 10.1007/s13280-017-0944-4
 - Soil Methanotrophy Model (MeMo v1.0): a process-based model to quantify global uptake of atmospheric methane by soil F. Murguia-Flores et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-2009-2018
 - Estimating nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in streams and rivers, within a machine learning framework L. Shen et al. 10.1038/s41597-020-0478-7
 - Global Uptake of Atmospheric Methane by Soil From 1900 to 2100 F. Murguia‐Flores et al. 10.1029/2020GB006774
 - Historical trends of riverine nitrogen loading from land to the East China Sea: a model-based evaluation K. Nishina et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/ac1ce8
 - Large sub-regional differences of ammonia seasonal patterns over India reveal inventory discrepancies C. Beale et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac881f
 - Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global land ecosystems and their drivers within the LPJ-GUESS model (v4.1) J. Ma et al. 10.5194/gmd-18-3131-2025
 - Increased nitrogen enrichment and shifted patterns in the world's grassland: 1860–2016 R. Xu et al. 10.5194/essd-11-175-2019
 - Effects of watershed land use on coastal marine environments: A multiscale exploratory analysis with multiple biogeochemical indicators in fringing coral reefs of Okinawa Island T. Sakamaki et al. 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114054
 - NO3−/NH4+ proportions affect cadmium bioaccumulation and tolerance of tomato R. Nogueirol et al. 10.1007/s11356-018-1588-z
 - Global soil nitrous oxide emissions since the preindustrial era estimated by an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models: Magnitude, attribution, and uncertainty H. Tian et al. 10.1111/gcb.14514
 - Reactive nitrogen losses via denitrification assessed in saturated agricultural soils G. Castaldelli et al. 10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.018
 - Global anthropogenic and natural nutrient fluxes: from local to planetary assessments A. Malagó & F. Bouraoui 10.1088/1748-9326/abe95f
 - Quantifying patterns, sources and uncertainty of nitrous oxide emissions from global grazing lands: Nitrogen forms are the determinant factors for estimation and mitigation H. Song et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104080
 - Global integrated modeling framework of riverine dissolved inorganic nitrogen with seasonal variation Y. Huang et al. 10.3178/hrl.15.50
 - Quantification of global and national nitrogen budgets for crop production X. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s43016-021-00318-5
 - Integrating major agricultural practices into the TRIPLEX-GHG model v2.0 for simulating global cropland nitrous oxide emissions: Development, sensitivity analysis and site evaluation H. Song et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156945
 - A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium C. Ludemann et al. 10.5194/essd-16-525-2024
 - Global nitrogen deposition inputs to cropland at national scale from 1961 to 2020 S. Vishwakarma et al. 10.1038/s41597-023-02385-8
 - Identification of current research intensity and influence factors of agricultural nitrogen loss from cropping systems Y. Zhang & Q. Yu 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123308
 - Increased global nitrous oxide emissions from streams and rivers in the Anthropocene Y. Yao et al. 10.1038/s41558-019-0665-8
 - Genome-wide association study of rice vegetative growth under ammonium or nitrate nutrition P. Kasemsap et al. 10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110281
 - An Integrated Agriculture, Atmosphere, and Hydrology Modeling System for Ecosystem Assessments L. Ran et al. 10.1029/2019MS001708
 - Effects of nitrogen enrichment on soil enzyme activities in grassland ecosystems in China: A multilevel meta-analysis J. SHI et al. 10.1016/j.pedsph.2024.10.006
 - Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil surfaces and their historical changes in East Asia: a model-based assessment A. Ito et al. 10.1186/s40645-018-0215-4
 - Historical nitrogen fertilizer use in agricultural ecosystems of the contiguous United States during 1850–2015: application rate, timing, and fertilizer types P. Cao et al. 10.5194/essd-10-969-2018
 - Global crop-specific nitrogen fertilization dataset in 1961–2020 W. Adalibieke et al. 10.1038/s41597-023-02526-z
 - Climate change rivals fertilizer use in driving soil nitrous oxide emissions in the northern high latitudes: Insights from terrestrial biosphere models N. Pan et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109297
 - Ridge–furrow rainfall harvesting system helps to improve stability, benefits and precipitation utilization efficiency of maize production in Loess Plateau region of China G. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107360
 - Global manure nitrogen production and application in cropland during 1860–2014: a 5 arcmin gridded global dataset for Earth system modeling B. Zhang et al. 10.5194/essd-9-667-2017
 - Why is the Indo-Gangetic Plain the region with the largest NH3 column in the globe during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons? T. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-20-8727-2020
 - Long-term historical trends in air pollutant emissions in Asia: Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 3 J. Kurokawa & T. Ohara 10.5194/acp-20-12761-2020
 - Developing county-level data of nitrogen fertilizer and manure inputs for corn production in the United States Y. Xia et al. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126957
 - History of anthropogenic Nitrogen inputs (HaNi) to the terrestrial biosphere: a 5 arcmin resolution annual dataset from 1860 to 2019 H. Tian et al. 10.5194/essd-14-4551-2022
 - An agent-based model to simulate field-specific nitrogen fertilizer applications in grasslands A. Kaim et al. 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127539
 - Significant Global Yield-Gap Closing Is Possible Without Increasing the Intensity of Environmentally Harmful Nitrogen Losses A. Smerald et al. 10.3389/fsufs.2022.736394
 - Options to model the effects of tillage on N2O emissions at the global scale F. Lutz et al. 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.11.015
 - Worldwide Maize and Soybean Yield Response to Environmental and Management Factors Over the 20th and 21st Centuries T. Lin et al. 10.1029/2021JG006304
 - Global Crop-Specific Fertilization Dataset from 1961–2019 F. Coello et al. 10.1038/s41597-024-04215-x
 
Latest update: 04 Nov 2025
Short summary
                    Available historical global N fertilizer map as an input data to global biogeochemical model is still limited and existing maps were not considered NH4+ and NO3− in the fertilizer application rates. In our products, by utilizing national fertilizer species consumption data in FAOSTAT database, we succeeded to estimate the ratio of NH4+ to NO3− in the N fertilizer map. The products could be widely utilized for global N cycling studies.
                    Available historical global N fertilizer map as an input data to global biogeochemical model is...
                    
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