Articles | Volume 18, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1185-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1185-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A database of databases for Common Era paleoclimate applications
Department of Geology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Lucie J. Lücke
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Kevin J. Fan
Computer Science and Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Related authors
Jörg Franke, Michael N. Evans, Andrew Schurer, and Gabriele C. Hegerl
Clim. Past, 18, 2583–2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2583-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Detection and attribution is a statistical method to evaluate if external factors or random variability have caused climatic changes. We use for the first time a comparison of simulated and observed tree-ring width that circumvents many limitations of previous studies relying on climate reconstructions. We attribute variability in temperature-limited trees to strong volcanic eruptions and for the first time detect a spatial pattern in the growth of moisture-sensitive trees after eruptions.
Jina Jeong, Jonathan Barichivich, Philippe Peylin, Vanessa Haverd, Matthew Joseph McGrath, Nicolas Vuichard, Michael Neil Evans, Flurin Babst, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5891–5913, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5891-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5891-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have proposed and evaluated the use of four benchmarks that leverage tree-ring width observations to provide more nuanced verification targets for land-surface models (LSMs), which currently lack a long-term benchmark for forest ecosystem functioning. Using relatively unbiased European biomass network datasets, we identify the extent to which presumed biases in the much larger International Tree-Ring Data Bank might degrade the validation of LSMs.
Feng Zhu, Julien Emile-Geay, Gregory J. Hakim, Dominique Guillot, Deborah Khider, Robert Tardif, and Walter A. Perkins
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3409–3431, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3409-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3409-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate field reconstruction encompasses methods that estimate the evolution of climate in space and time based on natural archives. It is useful to investigate climate variations and validate climate models, but its implementation and use can be difficult for non-experts. This paper introduces a user-friendly Python package called cfr to make these methods more accessible, thanks to the computational and visualization tools that facilitate efficient and reproducible research on past climates.
Jörg Franke, Michael N. Evans, Andrew Schurer, and Gabriele C. Hegerl
Clim. Past, 18, 2583–2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2583-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Detection and attribution is a statistical method to evaluate if external factors or random variability have caused climatic changes. We use for the first time a comparison of simulated and observed tree-ring width that circumvents many limitations of previous studies relying on climate reconstructions. We attribute variability in temperature-limited trees to strong volcanic eruptions and for the first time detect a spatial pattern in the growth of moisture-sensitive trees after eruptions.
Jina Jeong, Jonathan Barichivich, Philippe Peylin, Vanessa Haverd, Matthew Joseph McGrath, Nicolas Vuichard, Michael Neil Evans, Flurin Babst, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5891–5913, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5891-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5891-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have proposed and evaluated the use of four benchmarks that leverage tree-ring width observations to provide more nuanced verification targets for land-surface models (LSMs), which currently lack a long-term benchmark for forest ecosystem functioning. Using relatively unbiased European biomass network datasets, we identify the extent to which presumed biases in the much larger International Tree-Ring Data Bank might degrade the validation of LSMs.
Cited articles
Abram, N. J., McGregor, H. V., Tierney, J. E., Evans, M. N., McKay, N. P., Kaufman, D. S., and the PAGES2k Consortium: Early onset of industrial-era warming across the oceans and continents, Nature, 536, 411–418, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19082, 2016. a
Anderson, D. M., Tardif, R., Horlick, K., Erb, M. P., Hakim, G. J., Noone, D., Perkins, W. A., and Steig, E.: Additions to the Last Millennium Reanalysis Multi-Proxy Database, Data Sci. J., 18, 2–11, https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2019-002, 2019. a, b
Arias, P., Bellouin, N., Coppola, E., Jones, R., Krinner, G., Marotzke, J., Naik, V., Palmer, M., Plattner, G.-K., Rogelj, J., Rojas, M., Sillmann, J., Storelvmo, T., Thorne, P., Trewin, B., Achuta Rao, K., Adhikary, B., Allan, R., Armour, K., Bala, G., Barimalala, R., Berger, S., Canadell, J., Cassou, C., Cherchi, A., Collins, W., Collins, W., Connors, S., Corti, S., Cruz, F., Dentener, F., Dereczynski, C., Di Luca, A., Diongue Niang, A., Doblas-Reyes, F., Dosio, A., Douville, H., Engelbrecht, F., Eyring, V., Fischer, E., Forster, P., Fox-Kemper, B., Fuglestvedt, J., Fyfe, J., Gillett, N., Goldfarb, L., Gorodetskaya, I., Gutierrez, J., Hamdi, R., Hawkins, E., Hewitt, H., Hope, P., Islam, A., Jones, C., Kaufman, D., Kopp, R., Kosaka, Y., Kossin, J., Krakovska, S., Lee, J.-Y., Li, J., Mauritsen, T., Maycock, T., Meinshausen, M., Min, S.-K., Monteiro, P., Ngo-Duc, T., Otto, F., Pinto, I., Pirani, A., Raghavan, K., Ranasinghe, R., Ruane, A., Ruiz, L., Sallée, J.-B., Samset, B., Sathyendranath, S., Seneviratne, S., Sörensson, A., Szopa, S., Takayabu, I., Tréguier, A.-M., van den Hurk, B., Vautard, R., von Schuckmann, K., Zaehle, S., Zhang, X., and Zickfeld, K.: Technical Summary, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 33−144, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.002, 2021. a
Barbour, M. M., Roden, J. S., Farquhar, G. D., and Ehleringer, J. R.: Expressing leaf water and cellulose oxygen isotope ratios as enrichment above source water reveals evidence of a Péclet effect, Oecologia, 138, 426–435, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1449-3, 2004. a
Bowen, G. J., Wassenaar, L. I., and Hobson, K. A.: Global application of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes to wildlife forensics, Oecologia, 143, 337–348, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1813-y, 2005. a
Breitenmoser, P., Brönnimann, S., and Frank, D.: Forward modelling of tree-ring width and comparison with a global network of tree-ring chronologies, Clim. Past, 10, 437–449, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-437-2014, 2014. a, b, c
Bühler, J. C., Roesch, C., Kirschner, M., Sime, L., Holloway, M. D., and Rehfeld, K.: Comparison of the oxygen isotope signatures in speleothem records and iHadCM3 model simulations for the last millennium, Clim. Past, 17, 985–1004, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-985-2021, 2021. a, b, c, d
Bush, R., Dutton, A., Evans, M., Loft, R., and Schmidt, G. A.: Perspectives on Data Reproducibility and Replicability in Paleoclimate and Climate Science, Harvard Data Science Review, 2, https://doi.org/10.1162/99608f92.00cd8f85, 2020. a
Cobb, K. M., Westphal, N., Sayani, H., Watson, J. T., Di Lorenzo, E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Charles, C. D.: Highly variable El Niño-Southern Oscillation throughout the Holocene, Science, 339, 67–70, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228246, 2013. a
Cook, E. R.: A Time Series Approach to Tree-Ring Standardization, Ph.D. thesis, University of Arizona, OCLC number: 696817622, 1985. a
Dee, S. G., Emile-Geay, J., Evans, M., Allam, A., Stei, E. J., and Thompson, D. M.: PRYSM: An open-source framework for PRoxY System Modeling, with applications to oxygen-isotope systems, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 07, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015MS000447, 2015. a, b, c, d
Dee, S. G., Cobb, K. M., Emile-Geay, J. E., Ault, T. R., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., and Charles, C. D.: No consistent ENSO response to volcanic forcing over the last millennium, Science, 367, 1477–1481, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax200, 2020.
Emile-Geay, J. and Eshleman, J. A.: Toward a semantic web of paleoclimatology, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 14, 457–469, https://doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20067, 2013. a
Emile-Geay, J., McKay, N. P., Kaufman, D. S., von Gunten, L., Wang, J., Anchukaitis, K., Abram, N., Addison, J. A., Curran, M. A. J., Evans, M. N., Henley, B. J., Hao, Z., Martrat, B., McGregor, H. V., Neukom, R., Pederson, G. T., Stenni, B., Thirumalai, K., Werner, J. P., Xu, C., Divine, D. V., Dixon, B. C., Gergis, J., Mundo, I. A., Nakatsuka, T., Phipps, S. J., Routson, C. C., Steig, E. J., Tierney, J. E., Tyler, J. E., Allen, K. J., Bertler, N. A. N., Bjórklund, J., Chase, B. M., Chen, M.-T., Cook, E. R., De Jong, R., DeLong, K. L., Dixon, D. A., Ekaykin, A. A., Ersek, V., Filipsson, H. L., Francus, P., Freund, M. B., Frezzotti, M., Gaire, N. P., Gajewski, K., Ge, Q., Goosse, H., Gornostaeva, A., Grosjean, M., Horiuchi, K., Hormes, A., Husum, K., Isaksson, E., Kandasamy, S., Kawamura, K., Kilbourne, K. H., Koć, N., Leduc, G., Linderholm, H. W., Lorrey, A. M., Mikhalenko, V., Mortyn, P. G., Motoyama, H., Moy, A. D., Mulvaney, R., Munz, P. M., Nash, D. J., Oerter, H., Opel, T., Orsi, A. J., Ovchinnikov, D. V., Porter, T. J., Roop, H. A., Saenger, C., Sano, M., Sauchyn, D., Saunders, K. M., Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Severi, M., Shao, X., Sicre, M.-A., Sigl, M., Sinclair, K., St. George, R. S., St. Jacques, J. M., Thamban, M., Kuwar Thapa, U., Thomas, E. R., Turney, C., Uemura, R., Viau, A. E., Vladimirova, D. O., Wahl, E. R., White, J. W. C., Yu, Z., Zinke, J., and the PAGES2k Consortium: A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era, Sci. Data, 4, 170088, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.88, 2017. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i
Evans, M. N., Tolwinski-Ward, S. E., Thompson, D. M., and Anchukaitis, K. J.: Applications of proxy system modeling in high resolution paleoclimatology, Quat. Sci. Rev., 76, 16–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.05.024, 2013. a
Evans, M. N., Lücke, L. J., Fan, K. J., and Zhu, F.: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology – DoD2k Database of Databases for Common Era Paleoclimatology, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/sptp-g618, 2025. a, b
Falster, G., Konecky, B., Coats, S., and Stevenson, S.: Forced changes in the Pacific Walker circulation over the past millennium, Nature, 622, 93–100, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06447-0, 2023. a
Forster, P., Storelvmo, T., Armour, K., Collins, W., Dufresne, J.-L., Frame, D., Lunt, D., Mauritsen, T., Palmer, M., Watanabe, M., Wild, M., and Zhang, H.: The Earth’s Energy Budget, Climate Feedbacks, and Climate Sensitivity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 923–1054, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.009, 2021. a
Fox-Kemper, B., Hewitt, H., Xiao, C., Aðalgeirsdóttir, G., Drijfhout, S., Edwards, T., Golledge, N., Hemer, M., Kopp, R., Krinner, G., Mix, A., Notz, D., Nowicki, S., Nurhati, I., Ruiz, L., Sallée, J.-B., Slangen, A., and Yu, Y.: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change,, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1211–1362 https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.011, 2021. a
Franke, J., Evans, M. N., Schurer, A., and Hegerl, G. C.: Climate change detection and attribution using observed and simulated tree-ring width, Clim. Past., 18, 2583–2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2583-2022, 2022a. a, b, c
Franke, J., Evans, M. N., Schurer, A. P., and Hegerl, G. C.: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology – Northern Hemisphere Observed and Simulated Tree Ring Width Data 1401–2000 CE, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/8HPF-A451, 2022b. a
Gebbie, G. and Huybers, P.: The Little Ice Age and 20th-century deep Pacific cooling, Science, 363, 70–74, 2019. a
Harris, I., Osborn, T. J., Jones, P. D., and Lister, D.: Version 4 of the CRU TS monthly high-resolution gridded multivariate climate dataset, Sci. Data, 7, 109, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0453-3, 2020. a
Hasselmann, K.: Stochastic climate models. Part I: Theory, Tellus, XXVIII, 473–485, 1976. a
Hu, J., Emile-Geay, J., and Partin, J.: Correlation-based interpretations of paleoclimate data – where statistics meet past climates, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett., 459, 362–371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.048, 2017. a
Huybers, P. and Curry, W.: Links between annual, Milankovitch, and continuum temperature variability, Nature, 441, 329–332, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04745, 2006. a
Kaushal, N., Atwood, A., Bothe, O., Eggleston, S., Falster, G., Henley, B. J., Jones, M., Jonkers, L., Martrat, B., McGregor, H. V., Orsi, A., Phipps, S. J., and Sayani, H.: Phase 4 of the PAGES 2k Network: Hydroclimate of the Common Era, PAGES Magazine, 30, 52, https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.30.1.52, 2022. a
Kaushal, N., Lechleitner, F. A., Wilhelm, M., Azennoud, K., Bühler, J. C., Braun, K., Ait Brahim, Y., Baker, A., Burstyn, Y., Comas-Bru, L., Fohlmeister, J., Goldsmith, Y., Harrison, S. P., Hatvani, I. G., Rehfeld, K., Ritzau, M., Skiba, V., Stoll, H. M., Szűcs, J. G., Tanos, P., Treble, P. C., Azevedo, V., Baker, J. L., Borsato, A., Chawchai, S., Columbu, A., Endres, L., Hu, J., Kern, Z., Kimbrough, A., Koç, K., Markowska, M., Martrat, B., Masood Ahmad, S., Nehme, C., Novello, V. F., Pérez-Mejías, C., Ruan, J., Sekhon, N., Sinha, N., Tadros, C. V., Tiger, B. H., Warken, S., Wolf, A., Zhang, H., and SISAL Working Group members: SISALv3: a global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1933–1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, 2024a. a, b, c, d, e, f
Kaushal, N., Lechleitner, F. A., Wilhelm, M., and Members of the SISAL Working Group: SISALv3: Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and AnaLysis database version 3.0, University of Oxford [data set], https://doi.org/10.5287/ORA-2NANWP4RK, 2024b. a, b
Konecky, B. L. and McKay, N. P.: NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology – Iso2k Database Global Common Era Paleo-d18O and d2H Records, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/57j8-vs18, 2020. a
Konecky, B. L., McKay, N. P., Churakova (Sidorova), O. V., Comas-Bru, L., Dassié, E. P., DeLong, K. L., Falster, G. M., Fischer, M. J., Jones, M. D., Jonkers, L., Kaufman, D. S., Leduc, G., Managave, S. R., Martrat, B., Opel, T., Orsi, A. J., Partin, J. W., Sayani, H. R., Thomas, E. K., Thompson, D. M., Tyler, J. J., Abram, N. J., Atwood, A. R., Cartapanis, O., Conroy, J. L., Curran, M. A., Dee, S. G., Deininger, M., Divine, D. V., Kern, Z., Porter, T. J., Stevenson, S. L., von Gunten, L., and Iso2k Project Members: The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-δ18O and δ2H records to aid understanding of Common Era climate, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2261–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, 2020a. a, b, c
Konecky, B. L., McKay, N. P., Churakova (Sidorova), O. V., Comas-Bru, L., Dassié, E. P., DeLong, K. L., Falster, G. M., Fischer, M. J., Jones, M. D., Jonkers, L., Kaufman, D. S., Leduc, G., Managave, S. R., Martrat, B., Opel, T., Orsi, A. J., Partin, J. W., Sayani, H. R., Thomas, E. K., Thompson, D. M., Tyler, J. J., Abram, N. J., Atwood, A. R., Cartapanis, O., Conroy, J. L., Curran, M. A., Dee, S. G., Deininger, M., Divine, D. V., Kern, Z., Porter, T. J., Stevenson, S. L., von Gunten, L., and Iso2k Project Members: The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-δ18O and δ2H records to aid understanding of Common Era climate, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2261–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, 2020b. a
Luecke, L., Evans, M., Zhu, F., and Fan, K: lluecke/dod2k: DoD2k version 2.0 (v2.0), Zenodo [code and data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18152672, 2026. a, b, c
Mann, M. E., Bradley, R. S., and Hughes, M. K.: Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties and limitations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 759–762, 1999. a
Marvel, K., Biasutti, M., Bonfils, C., Durack, P. J., Kushnir, Y., and Cook, B. I.: Observed and Projected Changes to the Precipitation Annual Cycle, J. Clim., 30, 4983–4995, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0572.1, 2019a. a
Marvel, K., Cook, B. I., Bonfils, C. J. W., Taylor, K. E., Smerdon, J. E., and Williams, A. P.: Twentieth-century hydroclimate changes consistent with human influence, Nature, 569, 59–65, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1149-8, 2019b. a
McGregor, H. V., Evans, M. N., Goosse, H., Leduc, G., Martrat, B., Addison, J. A., Mortyn, P. G., Oppo, D. W., Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Sicre, M.-A., Phipps, S. J., Selvaraj, K., Thirumalai, K., Filipsson, H. L., and Ersek, V.: Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industial Common Era, Nat. Geosci., https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2510, 2015. a
McKay, N. P.: Referee comment 3, RC3: “Comment on essd-2025-364”, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-364-RC3, 2025. a
McKay, N. P. and Emile-Geay, J.: Technical note: The Linked Paleo Data framework – a common tongue for paleoclimatology, Clim. Past, 12, 1093–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, 2016. a, b
Miller, G. H., Geirsdóttir, A., Zhong, Y., Larsen, D. J., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Holland, M. M., Bailey, D. A., Refsnider, K. A., Lehman, S. J., Southon, J. R., Anderson, C., Bj ornsson, H., and T., T.: Abrupt onset of the Little Ice Age triggered by volcanismand sustained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L02 708, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050168, 2012. a
Neukom, R., Barboza, L. A., Erb, M. P., Shi, F., Emile-Geay, J., Evans, M. N., Franke, J., Kaufman, D. S., Lücke, L., Rehfeld, K., Schurer, A., Zhu, F., Brönnimann, S., Hakim, G. J., Henley, B. J., Ljungqvist, F. C., McKay, N., Valler, V., and von Gunten, L.: Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era, Nat. Geosci., 12, 643–649, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0, 2019a. a, b
Neukom, R., Steiger, N., Gómez-Navarro, J. J., Wang, J., and Werner, J.: No evidence for globally coherent warm and cold periods over the preindustrial Common Era, Nature, 571, 550–554, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1401-2, 2019b. a
Okazaki, A. and Yoshimura, K.: Global Evaluation of Proxy System Models for Stable Water Isotopes With Realistic Atmospheric Forcing, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 8972–8993, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029463, 2019. a, b
PAGES 2K Consortium: Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia, Nat. Geosci., 6, 339–346, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1797, 2013. a
Partin, J. W., Quinn, T. M., Shen, C.-C., Emile-Geay, J., Taylor, F. W., Maupin, C. R., Lin, K., Jackson, C. S., Banner, J. L., Sinclair, D. J., and Huh, C.-A.: Multidecadal rainfall variability in South Pacific Convergence Zone as revealed by stalagmite geochemistry, Geology, 41, 1143–1147, 2013. a
Steiger, N., Horlick, K., Tardif, R., Erb, M., Emile-Geay, J., Steig, E., and Hakim, G.: A global collection of paleoclimate proxy time series over the Common Era (1.0.0), Nov 2022 Update, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1189006, 2022. a, b
Tardif, R., Hakim, G. J., Perkins, W. A., Horlick, K. A., Erb, M. P., Emile-Geay, J., Anderson, D. M., Steig, E. J., and Noone, D.: Last Millennium Reanalysis with an expanded proxy database and seasonal proxy modeling, Clim. Past, 15, 1251–1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1251-2019, 2019. a
Tolwinski-Ward, S. E., Evans, M. N., Hughes, M. K., and Anchukaitis, K. J.: An efficient forward model of the climatic controls on interannual variation in tree-ring width, Clim. Dyn., 36, 2419–2439, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0945-5, 2011. a
Walter, R. M., Sayani, H. R., Felis, T., Cobb, K. M., Abram, N. J., Arzey, A. K., Atwood, A. R., Brenner, L. D., Dassié, E. P., DeLong, K. L., Ellis, B., Emile-Geay, J., Fischer, M. J., Goodkin, N. F., Hargreaves, J. A., Kilbourne, K. H., Krawczyk, H., McKay, N. P., Moore, A. L., Murty, S. A., Ong, M. R., Ramos, R. D., Reed, E. V., Samanta, D., Sanchez, S. C., Zinke, J., and PAGES CoralHydro2k Project Members: The CoralHydro2k database: a global, actively curated compilation of coral δ18O and Sr/Ca proxy records of tropical ocean hydrology and temperature for the Common Era, Earth Sys. Sci. Dat., 15, 2081–2116, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023, 2023. a, b, c, d
Walter, R. M., Sayani, H. R., Felis, T., Cobb, K. M., Abram, N. J., Arzey, A. K., Atwood, A., Brenner, L. D., Dassié, E. P., DeLong, K. L., Ellis, B., Fischer, M. J., Goodkin, N. F., Hargreaves, J. A., Kilbourne, K. H., Krawczyk, H. A., McKay, N. P., Murty, S. A., Ramos, R. D., Reed, E. V., Samanta, D., Sanchez, S. C., Zinke, J., and PAGES CoralHydro2k Project Members: OAA/WDS Paleoclimatology – CoralHydro2k Database (Common Era coral d18O and Sr/Ca data compilation), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/YP94-V135, 2022.
Zhu, F., Emile-Geay, J., Anchukaitis, K. J., McKay, N. P., Stevenson, S., and Meng, Z.: A Pseudoproxy Emulation of the PAGES 2k Database Using a Hierarchy of Proxy System Models, Scientific Data, 10, 624, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02489-1, 2023. a
Zhu, F., Emile-Geay, J., Hakim, G. J., Guillot, D., Khider, D., Tardif, R., and Perkins, W. A.: cfr (v2024.1.26): a Python package for climate field reconstruction, Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3409–3431, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3409-2024, 2024. a, b
Short summary
We present a database of databases (DoD2k) and toolkit (DT2k) for Common Era (1–2000 A.D.) paleoclimate research. DoD2k contains 4781 unique records assembled from 5 curated databases using DT2k. We analyze for common features across moisture and temperature sensitive records, and we test cave carbonate data simulations against observations. DoD2k is expected to be useful for attributing climate change on decadal timescales and for improving data models and paleoclimate reconstructions.
We present a database of databases (DoD2k) and toolkit (DT2k) for Common Era (1–2000 A.D.)...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint