Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1121-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1121-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
| 
18 Mar 2025
Data description article |
| 18 Mar 2025
| 18 Mar 2025
Global greenhouse gas reconciliation 2022
Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Philippe Ciais
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA–CNRS–UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Liting Hu
College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Adrien Martinez
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA–CNRS–UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Marielle Saunois
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA–CNRS–UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Rona L. Thompson
NILU, Kjeller, Norway
Kushal Tibrewal
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA–CNRS–UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Wouter Peters
Meteorology and Air Quality Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Brendan Byrne
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
Giacomo Grassi
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
Paul I. Palmer
National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Ingrid T. Luijkx
Meteorology and Air Quality Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Junjie Liu
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
Xuekun Fang
College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Tengjiao Wang
Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, China
Hanqin Tian
Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
Katsumasa Tanaka
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA–CNRS–UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Ana Bastos
Institute for Earth System Science and Remote Sensing, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Stephen Sitch
Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Benjamin Poulter
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Clément Albergel
European Space Agency Climate Office, ECSAT, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
Aki Tsuruta
Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
Shamil Maksyutov
Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Rajesh Janardanan
Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Yosuke Niwa
Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Department of Climate and Geochemistry Research, Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Nagamine 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
Joël Thanwerdas
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Dmitry Belikov
Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
Arjo Segers
TNO, Department of Air Quality and Emissions Research, P.O. Box 80015, 3508-TA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Frédéric Chevallier
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA–CNRS–UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Cited
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Energy-ecological efficiency of algae-based bio-fuel production: A mathematical assessment of Brazilian species W. Lamas
- Bridging the Gap: A comprehensive review and cross-check analysis for China's Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emission estimates L. Hu & X. Fang
- East Asia’s terrestrial carbon sink revisited: How fossil fuel emission uncertainties reshape regional carbon sink and implications for global carbon budgets L. Hu et al.
- Differences and uncertainties in land-use CO2 flux estimates W. Obermeier et al.
- Comparative forecasting of CO₂ emissions in India, Russia, Canada, and Japan using statistical, machine learning and deep learning models A. Brahmaiah et al.
- High-Resolution Inversion of GOSAT-2 Retrievals for Sectoral Methane Emission Estimates During 2019–2022: A Consistency Analysis with GOSAT Inversion R. Janardanan et al.
- Global daily CO2 emissions from 1970 to 2024 T. Li et al.
- Improving land-use emission estimates under the Paris Agreement G. Grassi et al.
- Projection of global daily CO 2 emissions in 2025 Z. Deng et al.
- Estimation of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions and Absorption by Land and Ocean Surfaces in the 21st Century A. Olchev
- Global CH4 fluxes derived from JAXA/GOSAT lower-tropospheric partial column data and the CarbonTracker Europe-CH4 atmospheric inverse model A. Tsuruta et al.
- Investigation of China’s Anthropogenic Methane Emissions with Approaches, Potentials, Economic Cost, and Social Benefits of Reductions R. Feng et al.
- The role of the tropical carbon balance in determining the large atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2023 L. Feng et al.
- Concept and methodology for Scope 4 carbon accounting Z. Liu & G. Wang
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Energy-ecological efficiency of algae-based bio-fuel production: A mathematical assessment of Brazilian species W. Lamas
- Bridging the Gap: A comprehensive review and cross-check analysis for China's Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emission estimates L. Hu & X. Fang
- East Asia’s terrestrial carbon sink revisited: How fossil fuel emission uncertainties reshape regional carbon sink and implications for global carbon budgets L. Hu et al.
- Differences and uncertainties in land-use CO2 flux estimates W. Obermeier et al.
- Comparative forecasting of CO₂ emissions in India, Russia, Canada, and Japan using statistical, machine learning and deep learning models A. Brahmaiah et al.
- High-Resolution Inversion of GOSAT-2 Retrievals for Sectoral Methane Emission Estimates During 2019–2022: A Consistency Analysis with GOSAT Inversion R. Janardanan et al.
- Global daily CO2 emissions from 1970 to 2024 T. Li et al.
- Improving land-use emission estimates under the Paris Agreement G. Grassi et al.
- Projection of global daily CO 2 emissions in 2025 Z. Deng et al.
- Estimation of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions and Absorption by Land and Ocean Surfaces in the 21st Century A. Olchev
- Global CH4 fluxes derived from JAXA/GOSAT lower-tropospheric partial column data and the CarbonTracker Europe-CH4 atmospheric inverse model A. Tsuruta et al.
- Investigation of China’s Anthropogenic Methane Emissions with Approaches, Potentials, Economic Cost, and Social Benefits of Reductions R. Feng et al.
- The role of the tropical carbon balance in determining the large atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2023 L. Feng et al.
- Concept and methodology for Scope 4 carbon accounting Z. Liu & G. Wang
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 08 May 2026
Short summary
This study reconciles national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories with updated atmospheric inversion results to evaluate discrepancies for three principal GHG fluxes at the national level. Compared to our previous study, new satellite-based CO2 inversions were included and an updated mask of managed lands was used, improving agreement for Brazil and Canada. The proposed methodology can be regularly applied as a check to assess the gap between top-down inversions and bottom-up inventories.
This study reconciles national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories with updated atmospheric...
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