Articles | Volume 16, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
26 Apr 2024
Data description paper |
| 26 Apr 2024
| 26 Apr 2024
SISALv3: a global speleothem stable isotope and trace element database
Exeter College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3DP, UK
now at: American Museum of Natural History, NY 10024, USA
Franziska A. Lechleitner
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Khalil Azennoud
International Water Research Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660 Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco
Janica C. Bühler
Department of Geoscience, Geo- und Umweltforschungszentrum (GUZ), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Kerstin Braun
Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
Yassine Ait Brahim
International Water Research Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660 Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco
Andy Baker
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Yuval Burstyn
UC Davis Institute for the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
UC Davis Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Laia Comas-Bru
independent researcher, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
Jens Fohlmeister
Environmental Radioactivity, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, 10318 Berlin, Germany
Yonaton Goldsmith
The Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University, Edmond J. Safra Campus – Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
Sandy P. Harrison
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
István G. Hatvani
Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, 1112 Budapest, Hungary
HUN-REN, CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
Kira Rehfeld
Department of Geoscience, Geo- und Umweltforschungszentrum (GUZ), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Department of Physics, Geo- und Umweltforschungszentrum (GUZ), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Magdalena Ritzau
Department of Geoscience, Geo- und Umweltforschungszentrum (GUZ), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Vanessa Skiba
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Heather M. Stoll
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
József G. Szűcs
Department of Geology, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
Péter Tanos
Department of Geology, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
Pauline C. Treble
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
ANSTO – Australia's Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
Vitor Azevedo
Department of Geology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
Jonathan L. Baker
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
Institute of Geology, Innsbruck University, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Andrea Borsato
School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
Sakonvan Chawchai
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
Andrea Columbu
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Laura Endres
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
Zoltán Kern
Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, 1112 Budapest, Hungary
HUN-REN, CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
Alena Kimbrough
School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Koray Koç
Department of Geological Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07100 Antalya, Türkiye
Quaternary Geology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
Monika Markowska
Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
Belen Martrat
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Syed Masood Ahmad
Inter-University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, 110067, India
Carole Nehme
UMR IDEES 6266, CNRS, University of Rouen Normandy, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
Valdir Felipe Novello
Department of Geoscience, Geo- und Umweltforschungszentrum (GUZ), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Carlos Pérez-Mejías
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
Jiaoyang Ruan
Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
IBS Center for Climate Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
Natasha Sekhon
Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02908, USA
Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI 02908, USA
Nitesh Sinha
Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
IBS Center for Climate Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
Carol V. Tadros
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
ANSTO – Australia's Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
Benjamin H. Tiger
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Sophie Warken
Institute of Earth Sciences, Ruprecht Karl University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Institute of Environmental Physics, Ruprecht Karl University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Annabel Wolf
Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Croul Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3100, USA
Haiwei Zhang
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
A full list of authors appears at the end of the paper.
Related authors
Nikita Kaushal, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 21, 1633–1660, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1633-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1633-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Terminations are large-magnitude rapid events triggered in the North Atlantic region that manifest across the global climate system. They provide key examples of climatic teleconnections and dynamics. In this study, we use the SISAL global speleothem database and find that there are sufficient climatic records from key locations to make speleothems a valuable archive for studying terminations and provide instances for more targeted work on speleothem research.
Sarah E. Parker, Sandy P. Harrison, Laia Comas-Bru, Nikita Kaushal, Allegra N. LeGrande, and Martin Werner
Clim. Past, 17, 1119–1138, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1119-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1119-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Regional trends in the oxygen isotope (δ18O) composition of stalagmites reflect several climate processes. We compare stalagmite δ18O records from monsoon regions and model simulations to identify the causes of δ18O variability over the last 12 000 years, and between glacial and interglacial states. Precipitation changes explain the glacial–interglacial δ18O changes in all monsoon regions; Holocene trends are due to a combination of precipitation, atmospheric circulation and temperature changes.
Laia Comas-Bru, Kira Rehfeld, Carla Roesch, Sahar Amirnezhad-Mozhdehi, Sandy P. Harrison, Kamolphat Atsawawaranunt, Syed Masood Ahmad, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Matthew Bosomworth, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach, Yuval Burstyn, Andrea Columbu, Michael Deininger, Attila Demény, Bronwyn Dixon, Jens Fohlmeister, István Gábor Hatvani, Jun Hu, Nikita Kaushal, Zoltán Kern, Inga Labuhn, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Andrew Lorrey, Belen Martrat, Valdir Felipe Novello, Jessica Oster, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Denis Scholz, Nick Scroxton, Nitesh Sinha, Brittany Marie Ward, Sophie Warken, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2579–2606, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2579-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2579-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an updated version of the SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) database. This new version contains isotopic data from 691 speleothem records from 294 cave sites and new age–depth models, including their uncertainties, for 512 speleothems.
Nikita Kaushal, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 21, 1633–1660, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1633-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1633-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Terminations are large-magnitude rapid events triggered in the North Atlantic region that manifest across the global climate system. They provide key examples of climatic teleconnections and dynamics. In this study, we use the SISAL global speleothem database and find that there are sufficient climatic records from key locations to make speleothems a valuable archive for studying terminations and provide instances for more targeted work on speleothem research.
Christina Song, Micheline Campbell, and Andy Baker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 4241–4250, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4241-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4241-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater can be replenished by rainfall that percolates from the surface to the water table. The amount of rainfall that is needed to generate this groundwater recharge is hard to measure. We determined this rainfall amount by identifying recharge events as water percolates from the surface, through a cave. During our monitoring, an intense fire occurred above the cave, and we were able to quantify any change in the amount of rainfall necessary to generate recharge before and after the fire.
Stuart Umbo, Franziska Lechleitner, Thomas Opel, Sevasti Modestou, Tobias Braun, Anton Vaks, Gideon Henderson, Pete Scott, Alexander Osintzev, Alexandr Kononov, Irina Adrian, Yuri Dublyansky, Alena Giesche, and Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach
Clim. Past, 21, 1533–1551, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1533-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1533-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use cave rocks to reconstruct northern Siberian climate in 8.68 ± 0.09 Ma. We show that when the global average temperature was about 4.5 °C warmer than today (similar to what is expected in the coming decades should carbon emissions continue unabated), the Siberian Arctic temperature increased by more than 18 °C.
Laura Endres, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Ruza Ivanovic, Lauren Gregoire, Anna L. C. Hughes, Hai Cheng, and Heather Stoll
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3911, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3911, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
Stable isotope data of a precisely dated stalagmite from northwestern Iberia indicate gradual North Atlantic meltwater input during the last glacial maximum, followed by abrupt surges early in the last deglaciation. The first abrupt surge was followed by cooling about 850 years later – unlike later events – which reveals that the Atlantic circulation’s sensitivity to meltwater is variable and related to the evolving background climate boundary conditions.
Juan Luis Bernal-Wormull, Ana Moreno, Yuri Dublyansky, Christoph Spötl, Reyes Giménez, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Miguel Bartolomé, Martin Arriolabengoa, Eneko Iriarte, Isabel Cacho, Richard Lawrence Edwards, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 21, 1235–1261, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1235-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1235-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we present a record of temperature changes during the last deglaciation and the Holocene using isotopes of fluid inclusions in stalagmites from the northeastern region of the Iberian Peninsula. This innovative climate proxy for this study region provides a quantitative understanding of the abrupt temperature changes in southern Europe in the last 16 500 years before present.
Georgina Falster, Gab Abramowitz, Sanaa Hobeichi, Cath Hughes, Pauline Treble, Nerilie J. Abram, Michael I. Bird, Alexandre Cauquoin, Bronwyn Dixon, Russell Drysdale, Chenhui Jin, Niels Munksgaard, Bernadette Proemse, Jonathan J. Tyler, Martin Werner, and Carol Tadros
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2458, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2458, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
We used a random forest approach to produce estimates of monthly precipitation stable isotope variability from 1962–2023, at high resolution across the entire Australian continent. Comprehensive skill and sensitivity testing shows that our random forest models skilfully predict precipitation isotope values in places and times that observations are not available. We make all outputs publicly available, facilitating use in fields from ecology and hydrology to archaeology and forensic science.
Heather Stoll, Clara Bolton, Madalina Jaggi, Alfredo Martinez-Garcia, and Stefano Bernasconi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2449, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2449, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In periods of high atmospheric CO2 many proxies suggest more extreme past polar warming than is simulated by current coupled climate models. Providing new data on high latitude temperatures in the South Atlantic over the last 15 million years using clumped isotope thermometry, we show that absolute temperatures may not have been as warm as indicated by some biomarker based proxy climate records.
Calla N. Gould-Whaley, Russell N. Drysdale, Pauline C. Treble, Jan-Hendrik May, Stacey C. Priestley, John C. Hellstrom, Christopher R. Vardanega, and Clare C. Buswell
Clim. Past, 21, 857–876, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-857-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-857-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is causing enhanced aridity across many regions of the globe, leading to increased reliance on groundwater resources. We need to understand how groundwater recharge behaves in arid regions over long timescales; unfortunately, arid landscapes tend to preserve very little evidence of their climatic past. We present evidence to suggest that carbonate formations that grow in groundwater can be used as archives of past groundwater recharge in Australia's arid zone.
Nicolas Tapia, Laura Endres, Madalina Jaggi, and Heather Stoll
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1000, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1000, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use stalagmites to study past changes in the terrestrial P cycle. Our P records from multiple, coeval stalagmites from NW Spain, show that past abrupt cooling events are characterized by multi-century reproducible peaks in stalagmite P which reflect higher groundwater P/Ca concentrations and enhanced P export, potentially resulting from increased freeze-thaw frequency and more intense infiltration from snowmelt.
Jade Margerum, Julia Homann, Stuart Umbo, Gernot Nehrke, Thorsten Hoffmann, Anton Vaks, Aleksandr Kononov, Alexander Osintsev, Alena Giesche, Andrew Mason, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Gideon M. Henderson, Ola Kwiecien, and Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach
Clim. Past, 21, 661–677, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-661-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-661-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse a southern Siberian stalagmite to reconstruct soil respiration, wildfire, and vegetation trends during the Last Interglacial (LIG) (124.1–118.8 ka) and the Holocene (10–0 ka). Wildfires were more prevalent during the LIG than the Holocene and were supported by fire-prone species, low soil respiration, and a greater difference between summer and winter temperature. We show that vegetation type and summer/winter temperature contrast are strong drivers of Siberian wildfires.
Elisa Ziegler, Nils Weitzel, Jean-Philippe Baudouin, Marie-Luise Kapsch, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Lauren Gregoire, Ruza Ivanovic, Paul J. Valdes, Christian Wirths, and Kira Rehfeld
Clim. Past, 21, 627–659, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-627-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-627-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
During the Last Deglaciation, global surface temperature rose by about 4–7 °C over several millennia. We show that changes in year-to-year up to century-to-century fluctuations of temperature and precipitation during the Deglaciation were mostly larger than during either the preceding or succeeding more stable periods in 15 climate model simulations. The analysis demonstrates how ice sheets, meltwater, and volcanism influence simulated variability to inform future simulation protocols.
Alex Brittingham, Michael T. Hren, Samuel Spitzschuch, Phil Glauberman, Yonaton Goldsmith, Boris Gasparyan, and Ariel Malinsky-Buller
Biogeosciences, 22, 831–840, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-831-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-831-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Plant molecules, also called biomarkers, are a tool used for reconstructing climates in the past. In this study, we collected soils and stream sediments in a river catchment in Armenia in order to determine how these molecules move before deposition. We found that trees and grasses produce distinct biomarkers, but these are not incorporated equally into stream sediments. Instead, biomarkers from deciduous trees overprint any upstream transport of grass biomarkers.
Judit Torner, Isabel Cacho, Heather Stoll, Ana Moreno, Joan O. Grimalt, Francisco J. Sierro, Joan J. Fornós, Hai Cheng, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 21, 465–487, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-465-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-465-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We offer a clearer view of the timing of three relevant past glacial terminations. By analyzing the climatic signal recorded in stalagmite and linking it with marine records, we revealed differences in the intensity and duration of the ice melting associated with these three key deglaciations. This study shows that some deglaciations began earlier than previously thought; this improves our understanding of natural climate processes, helping us to contextualize current climate change.
Jean-Philippe Baudouin, Nils Weitzel, Maximilian May, Lukas Jonkers, Andrew M. Dolman, and Kira Rehfeld
Clim. Past, 21, 381–403, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-381-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-381-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Earth's past temperature reconstructions are critical for understanding climate change. We test the ability of these reconstructions using climate simulations. Uncertainties, mainly from past temperature measurement methods and age determination, impact reconstructions over time. While more data enhance accuracy for long-term trends, high-quality data are more important for short-term precision. Our study lays the groundwork for better reconstructions and suggests avenues for improvement.
Kieran M. R. Hunt and Sandy P. Harrison
Clim. Past, 21, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we train machine learning models on tree rings, speleothems, and instrumental rainfall to estimate seasonal monsoon rainfall over India over the last 500 years. Our models highlight multidecadal droughts in the mid-17th and 19th centuries, and we link these to historical famines. Using techniques from explainable AI (artificial intelligence), we show that our models use known relationships between local hydroclimate and the monsoon circulation.
Inga Kristina Kerber, Fabian Kontor, Aaron Mielke, Sophie Warken, and Norbert Frank
Geochronology, 7, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A stand-alone data analysis application for Th/U dating on multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers features a Python-based algorithm with a graphical user interface. It handles data treatment, corrections, age calculus, and error estimation and supports various detector layouts including Faraday and electron multiplier detectors. Key features include reproducibility, user-friendly reanalysis, and automated data storage. A case study demonstrates the software’s performance.
Jierong Zhao, Boya Zhou, Sandy P. Harrison, and I. Colin Prentice
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3897, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3897, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We used eco-evolutionary optimality modelling to examine how climate and CO2 impacted vegetation at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21,000 years ago) and the mid-Holocene (MH, 6,000 years ago). Low CO2 at the LGM was as important as climate in reducing tree cover and productivity, and increasing C4 plant abundance. Climate had positive effects on MH vegetation, but the low CO2 was a constraint on plant growth. These results show it is important to consider changing CO2 to model ecosystem changes.
Sarah Ann Rowan, Marc Luetscher, Thomas Laemmel, Anna Harrison, Sönke Szidat, and Franziska A. Lechleitner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3775, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3775, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explored CO2 from soil to subsurface at Milandre cave, finding very high concentrations at all depths. While forest soils produced modern CO2 year-round, cave and meadow soil CO2 influences varies with temperature controlled cave ventilation, with older CO2 input in winter from old organic matter stored underground. These findings show that CO2 fluxes in karst systems are highly dynamic, and a better understanding of them is important for accurate carbon cycle modelling.
Fang Li, Xiang Song, Sandy P. Harrison, Jennifer R. Marlon, Zhongda Lin, L. Ruby Leung, Jörg Schwinger, Virginie Marécal, Shiyu Wang, Daniel S. Ward, Xiao Dong, Hanna Lee, Lars Nieradzik, Sam S. Rabin, and Roland Séférian
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8751–8771, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8751-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8751-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of historical fire simulations from 19 Earth system models in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Most models reproduce global totals, spatial patterns, seasonality, and regional historical changes well but fail to simulate the recent decline in global burned area and underestimate the fire response to climate variability. CMIP6 simulations address three critical issues of phase-5 models.
José Guitián, Samuel R. Phelps, Reto S. Wijker, Pratigya J. Polissar, Laura Arnold, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-65, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-65, 2024
Preprint under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed from sediments of different ocean sites phytoplankton carbon isotopic fractionation (εp), mainly linked to CO2 variations, during the Oligocene to early Miocene. Records confirm long-term trends but show contrasting relationships with the sea surface temperatures evolution. We evaluate the role of non-CO2 physiological factors such as temperature and nutrients at each site εp, highlighting the complexity of interpreting climate dynamics and CO2 reconstructions.
Marco M. Lehmann, Josie Geris, Ilja van Meerveld, Daniele Penna, Youri Rothfuss, Matteo Verdone, Pertti Ala-Aho, Matyas Arvai, Alise Babre, Philippe Balandier, Fabian Bernhard, Lukrecija Butorac, Simon Damien Carrière, Natalie C. Ceperley, Zuosinan Chen, Alicia Correa, Haoyu Diao, David Dubbert, Maren Dubbert, Fabio Ercoli, Marius G. Floriancic, Teresa E. Gimeno, Damien Gounelle, Frank Hagedorn, Christophe Hissler, Frédéric Huneau, Alberto Iraheta, Tamara Jakovljević, Nerantzis Kazakis, Zoltan Kern, Karl Knaebel, Johannes Kobler, Jiří Kocum, Charlotte Koeber, Gerbrand Koren, Angelika Kübert, Dawid Kupka, Samuel Le Gall, Aleksi Lehtonen, Thomas Leydier, Philippe Malagoli, Francesca Sofia Manca di Villahermosa, Chiara Marchina, Núria Martínez-Carreras, Nicolas Martin-StPaul, Hannu Marttila, Aline Meyer Oliveira, Gaël Monvoisin, Natalie Orlowski, Kadi Palmik-Das, Aurel Persoiu, Andrei Popa, Egor Prikaziuk, Cécile Quantin, Katja T. Rinne-Garmston, Clara Rohde, Martin Sanda, Matthias Saurer, Daniel Schulz, Michael Paul Stockinger, Christine Stumpp, Jean-Stéphane Venisse, Lukas Vlcek, Stylianos Voudouris, Björn Weeser, Mark E. Wilkinson, Giulia Zuecco, and Katrin Meusburger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-409, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-409, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes a unique large-scale isotope dataset to study water dynamics in European forests. Researchers collected data from 40 beech and spruce forest sites in spring and summer 2023, using a standardized method to ensure consistency. The results show that water sources for trees change between seasons and vary by tree species. This large dataset offers valuable information for understanding plant water use, improving ecohydrological models, and mapping water cycles across Europe.
Mathurin A. Choblet, Janica C. Bühler, Valdir F. Novello, Nathan J. Steiger, and Kira Rehfeld
Clim. Past, 20, 2117–2141, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Past climate reconstructions are essential for understanding climate mechanisms and drivers. Our focus is on the South American continent over the past 2000 years. We offer a new reconstruction that particularly utilizes data from speleothems, previously absent from continent-wide reconstructions. We use paleoclimate data assimilation, a reconstruction method that combines information from climate archives and climate simulations.
Alexander J. Clark, Ismael Torres-Romero, Madalina Jaggi, Stefano M. Bernasconi, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 20, 2081–2101, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2081-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coccoliths are abundant in sediments across the world’s oceans, yet it is difficult to apply traditional carbon or oxygen isotope methodologies for temperature reconstructions. We show that our coccolith clumped isotope temperature calibration with well-constrained temperatures systematically differs from inorganic carbonate calibrations. We suggest the use of our well-constrained calibration for future coccolith carbonate temperature reconstructions.
Pengzhen Duan, Hanying Li, Zhibang Ma, Jingyao Zhao, Xiyu Dong, Ashish Sinha, Peng Hu, Haiwei Zhang, Youfeng Ning, Guangyou Zhu, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 20, 1401–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use multi-proxy speleothem records to reveal a two droughts–one pluvial pattern during 8.5–8.0 ka. The different rebounded rainfall quantity after two droughts causes different behavior of δ13C, suggesting the dominant role of rainfall threshold on the ecosystem. A comparison of different records suggests the prolonged 8.2 ka event is a globally common phenomenon rather than a regional signal. The variability of the AMOC strength is mainly responsible for these climate changes.
Luke Fionn Sweeney, Sandy P. Harrison, and Marc Vander Linden
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1523, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1523, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in tree cover across Europe during the Holocene are reconstructed from fossil pollen data using a model developed with modern observations of tree cover and modern pollen assemblages. There is a rapid increase in tree cover after the last glacial with maximum cover during the mid-Holocene and a decline thereafter; the timing of the maximum and the speed of the increase and subsequent decrease vary regionally likely reflecting differences in climate trajectories and human influence.
Andy Baker, Margaret Shanafield, Wendy Timms, Martin Sogaard Andersen, Stacey Priestley, and Marilu Melo Zurita
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 13, 117–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Much of the world relies on groundwater as a water resource, yet it is hard to know when and where rainfall replenishes our groundwater aquifers. Caves, mines, and tunnels that are situated above the groundwater table are unique observatories of water transiting from the land surface to the aquifer. This paper will show how networks of loggers deployed in these underground spaces across Australia have helped understand when, where, and how much rainfall is needed to replenish the groundwater.
Nils Weitzel, Heather Andres, Jean-Philippe Baudouin, Marie-Luise Kapsch, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Lukas Jonkers, Oliver Bothe, Elisa Ziegler, Thomas Kleinen, André Paul, and Kira Rehfeld
Clim. Past, 20, 865–890, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-865-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ability of climate models to faithfully reproduce past warming episodes is a valuable test considering potentially large future warming. We develop a new method to compare simulations of the last deglaciation with temperature reconstructions. We find that reconstructions differ more between regions than simulations, potentially due to deficiencies in the simulation design, models, or reconstructions. Our work is a promising step towards benchmarking simulations of past climate transitions.
Miguel Bartolomé, Ana Moreno, Carlos Sancho, Isabel Cacho, Heather Stoll, Negar Haghipour, Ánchel Belmonte, Christoph Spötl, John Hellstrom, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Hai Cheng
Clim. Past, 20, 467–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructing past temperatures at regional scales during the Common Era is necessary to place the current warming in the context of natural climate variability. We present a climate reconstruction based on eight stalagmites from four caves in the Pyrenees, NE Spain. These stalagmites were dated precisely and analysed for their oxygen isotopes, which appear dominated by temperature changes. Solar variability and major volcanic eruptions are the two main drivers of observed climate variability.
Mengmeng Liu, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-12, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-12, 2024
Preprint under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
Dansgaard-Oeschger events were large and rapid warming events that occurred multiple times during the last ice age. We show that changes in the northern extratropics and the southern extratropics were anti-phased, with warming over most of the north and cooling in the south. The reconstructions do not provide evidence for a change in seasonality in temperature. However, they do indicate that warming was generally accompanied by wetter conditions and cooling by drier conditions.
Julie Christin Schindlbeck-Belo, Matthew Toohey, Marion Jegen, Steffen Kutterolf, and Kira Rehfeld
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1063–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1063-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1063-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic forcing of climate resulting from major explosive eruptions is a dominant natural driver of past climate variability. To support model studies of the potential impacts of explosive volcanism on climate variability across timescales, we present an ensemble reconstruction of volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection over the last 140 000 years that is based primarily on tephra records.
Heather M. Stoll, Leopoldo D. Pena, Ivan Hernandez-Almeida, José Guitián, Thomas Tanner, and Heiko Pälike
Clim. Past, 20, 25–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Oligocene and early Miocene periods featured dynamic glacial cycles on Antarctica. In this paper, we use Sr isotopes in marine carbonate sediments to document a change in the location and intensity of continental weathering during short periods of very intense Antarctic glaciation. Potentially, the weathering intensity of old continental rocks on Antarctica was reduced during glaciation. We also show improved age models for correlation of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic sediments.
Heather M. Stoll, Chris Day, Franziska Lechleitner, Oliver Kost, Laura Endres, Jakub Sliwinski, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Hai Cheng, and Denis Scholz
Clim. Past, 19, 2423–2444, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2423-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2423-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Stalagmites formed in caves provide valuable information about past changes in climate and vegetation conditions. In this contribution, we present a new method to better estimate past changes in soil and vegetation productivity using carbon isotopes and trace elements measured in stalagmites. Applying this method to other stalagmites should provide a better indication of past vegetation feedbacks to climate change.
Huiying Xu, Han Wang, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Biogeosciences, 20, 4511–4525, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4511-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4511-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Leaf carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are crucial elements in leaf construction and physiological processes. This study reconciled the roles of phylogeny, species identity, and climate in stoichiometric traits at individual and community levels. The variations in community-level leaf N and C : N ratio were captured by optimality-based models using climate data. Our results provide an approach to improve the representation of leaf stoichiometry in vegetation models to better couple N with C cycling.
Esmeralda Cruz-Silva, Sandy P. Harrison, I. Colin Prentice, Elena Marinova, Patrick J. Bartlein, Hans Renssen, and Yurui Zhang
Clim. Past, 19, 2093–2108, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2093-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2093-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examined 71 pollen records (12.3 ka to present) in the eastern Mediterranean, reconstructing climate changes. Over 9000 years, winters gradually warmed due to orbital factors. Summer temperatures peaked at 4.5–5 ka, likely declining because of ice sheets. Moisture increased post-11 kyr, remaining high from 10–6 kyr before a slow decrease. Climate models face challenges in replicating moisture transport.
Giselle Utida, Francisco W. Cruz, Mathias Vuille, Angela Ampuero, Valdir F. Novello, Jelena Maksic, Gilvan Sampaio, Hai Cheng, Haiwei Zhang, Fabio Ramos Dias de Andrade, and R. Lawrence Edwards
Clim. Past, 19, 1975–1992, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1975-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1975-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) behavior during the past 3000 years over northeastern Brazil based on oxygen stable isotopes of stalagmites. Paleoclimate changes were mainly forced by the tropical South Atlantic and tropical Pacific sea surface temperature variability. We describe an ITCZ zonal behavior active around 1100 CE and the period from 1500 to 1750 CE. The dataset also records historical droughts that affected modern human population in this area of Brazil.
Olivia Haas, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Biogeosciences, 20, 3981–3995, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the impact of CO2 and climate on global patterns of burnt area, fire size, and intensity under Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) conditions using three climate scenarios. Climate change alone did not produce the observed LGM reduction in burnt area, but low CO2 did through reducing vegetation productivity. Fire intensity was sensitive to CO2 but strongly affected by changes in atmospheric dryness. Low CO2 caused smaller fires; climate had the opposite effect except in the driest scenario.
Giulia Mengoli, Sandy P. Harrison, and I. Colin Prentice
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1261, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1261, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Soil water availability affects plant carbon uptake by reducing leaf area and/or by closing stomata, which reduces its efficiency. We present a new formulation of how climatic dryness reduces both maximum carbon uptake and the soil-moisture threshold below which it declines further. This formulation illustrates how plants adapt their water conservation strategy to thrive in dry climates, and is step towards a better representation of soil-moisture effects in climate models.
Charlotte Honiat, Gabriella Koltai, Yuri Dublyansky, R. Lawrence Edwards, Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 19, 1177–1199, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1177-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1177-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A look at the climate evolution during the last warm period may allow us to test ground for future climate conditions. We quantified the temperature evolution during the Last Interglacial using a tiny amount of water trapped in the crystals of precisely dated stalagmites in caves from the southeastern European Alps. Our record indicates temperatures up to 2 °C warmer than today and an unstable climate during the first half of the Last Interglacial.
Oliver Kost, Saúl González-Lemos, Laura Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Jakub Sliwinski, Laura Endres, Negar Haghipour, and Heather Stoll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2227–2255, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2227-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cave monitoring studies including cave drip water are unique opportunities to sample water which has percolated through the soil and rock. The change in drip water chemistry is resolved over the course of 16 months, inferring seasonal and hydrological variations in soil and karst processes at the water–air and water–rock interface. Such data sets improve the understanding of hydrological and hydrochemical processes and ultimately advance the interpretation of geochemical stalagmite records.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Mengmeng Liu, Yicheng Shen, Penelope González-Sampériz, Graciela Gil-Romera, Cajo J. F. ter Braak, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Clim. Past, 19, 803–834, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the Holocene climates in the Iberian Peninsula using a large pollen data set and found that the west–east moisture gradient was much flatter than today. We also found that the winter was much colder, which can be expected from the low winter insolation during the Holocene. However, summer temperature did not follow the trend of summer insolation, instead, it was strongly correlated with moisture.
Christian Wirths, Elisa Ziegler, and Kira Rehfeld
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-86, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-86, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We compare Holocene temperature trends from reconstructions and global climate models of different complexities. We find that models of all complexities disagree with mid-Holocene trends in reconstructions, and we show that this disagreement is largely independent of the type of reconstruction. From our results we conclude that a seasonal bias in the reconstructions is unlikely as a full explanation for the disagreement.
Jinzhao Liu, Chong Jiang, Huawu Wu, Li Guo, Haiwei Zhang, and Ying Zhao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 599–612, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-599-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-599-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
What controls leaf water isotopes? We answered the question from two perspectives: respective and dual isotopes. On the one hand, the δ18O and δ2H values of leaf water responded to isotopes of potential source water (i.e., twig water, soil water, and precipitation) and meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, RH, and precipitation) differently. On the other hand, dual δ18O and δ2H values of leaf water yielded a significant linear relationship associated with altitude and seasonality.
Jessica G. M. Crumpton-Banks, Thomas Tanner, Ivan Hernández Almeida, James W. B. Rae, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5633–5644, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Past ocean carbon is reconstructed using proxies, but it is unknown whether preparing ocean sediment for one proxy might damage the data given by another. We have tested whether the extraction of an organic proxy archive from sediment samples impacts the geochemistry of tiny shells also within the sediment. We find no difference in shell geochemistry between samples which come from treated and untreated sediment. This will help us to maximize scientific return from valuable sediment samples.
José Guitián, Miguel Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5007–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of environmental conditions on the degree of calcification of marine phytoplankton remains unclear. This study implements a new microscopic approach to quantify the calcification of ancient coccolithophores, using North Atlantic sediments. Results show significant differences in the thickness and shape factor of coccoliths for samples with minimum dissolution, providing the first evaluation of phytoplankton physiology adaptation to million-year-scale variable environmental conditions.
Rebecca Orrison, Mathias Vuille, Jason E. Smerdon, James Apaéstegui, Vitor Azevedo, Jose Leandro P. S. Campos, Francisco W. Cruz, Marcela Eduarda Della Libera, and Nicolás M. Stríkis
Clim. Past, 18, 2045–2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2045-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2045-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the South American Summer Monsoon over the last millennium and dynamically interpreted the principal modes of variability. We find the spatial patterns of the monsoon are an intrinsic feature of the climate modulated by external forcings. Multi-centennial mean state departures during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age show regionally coherent patterns of hydroclimatic change in both a multi-archive network of oxygen isotope records and isotope-enabled climate models.
Janica C. Bühler, Josefine Axelsson, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Jens Fohlmeister, Allegra N. LeGrande, Madhavan Midhun, Jesper Sjolte, Martin Werner, Kei Yoshimura, and Kira Rehfeld
Clim. Past, 18, 1625–1654, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1625-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1625-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We collected and standardized the output of five isotope-enabled simulations for the last millennium and assess differences and similarities to records from a global speleothem database. Modeled isotope variations mostly arise from temperature differences. While lower-resolution speleothems do not capture extreme changes to the extent of models, they show higher variability on multi-decadal timescales. As no model excels in all comparisons, we advise a multi-model approach where possible.
Yicheng Shen, Luke Sweeney, Mengmeng Liu, Jose Antonio Lopez Saez, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Reyes Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Graciela Gil-Romera, Dana Hoefer, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Heike Schneider, I. Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Clim. Past, 18, 1189–1201, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1189-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1189-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a method to reconstruct burnt area using a relationship between pollen and charcoal abundances and the calibration of charcoal abundance using modern observations of burnt area. We use this method to reconstruct changes in burnt area over the past 12 000 years from sites in Iberia. We show that regional changes in burnt area reflect known changes in climate, with a high burnt area during warming intervals and low burnt area when the climate was cooler and/or wetter than today.
Sandy P. Harrison, Roberto Villegas-Diaz, Esmeralda Cruz-Silva, Daniel Gallagher, David Kesner, Paul Lincoln, Yicheng Shen, Luke Sweeney, Daniele Colombaroli, Adam Ali, Chéïma Barhoumi, Yves Bergeron, Tatiana Blyakharchuk, Přemysl Bobek, Richard Bradshaw, Jennifer L. Clear, Sambor Czerwiński, Anne-Laure Daniau, John Dodson, Kevin J. Edwards, Mary E. Edwards, Angelica Feurdean, David Foster, Konrad Gajewski, Mariusz Gałka, Michelle Garneau, Thomas Giesecke, Graciela Gil Romera, Martin P. Girardin, Dana Hoefer, Kangyou Huang, Jun Inoue, Eva Jamrichová, Nauris Jasiunas, Wenying Jiang, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Piotr Kołaczek, Niina Kuosmanen, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Martin Lavoie, Fang Li, Jianyong Li, Olga Lisitsyna, José Antonio López-Sáez, Reyes Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Gabriel Magnan, Eniko Katalin Magyari, Alekss Maksims, Katarzyna Marcisz, Elena Marinova, Jenn Marlon, Scott Mensing, Joanna Miroslaw-Grabowska, Wyatt Oswald, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Ramón Pérez-Obiol, Sanna Piilo, Anneli Poska, Xiaoguang Qin, Cécile C. Remy, Pierre J. H. Richard, Sakari Salonen, Naoko Sasaki, Hieke Schneider, William Shotyk, Migle Stancikaite, Dace Šteinberga, Normunds Stivrins, Hikaru Takahara, Zhihai Tan, Liva Trasune, Charles E. Umbanhowar, Minna Väliranta, Jüri Vassiljev, Xiayun Xiao, Qinghai Xu, Xin Xu, Edyta Zawisza, Yan Zhao, Zheng Zhou, and Jordan Paillard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1109–1124, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1109-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1109-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a new global data set of charcoal preserved in sediments that can be used to examine how fire regimes have changed during past millennia and to investigate what caused these changes. The individual records have been standardised, and new age models have been constructed to allow better comparison across sites. The data set contains 1681 records from 1477 sites worldwide.
Sophie F. Warken, Therese Weißbach, Tobias Kluge, Hubert Vonhof, Denis Scholz, Rolf Vieten, Martina Schmidt, Amos Winter, and Norbert Frank
Clim. Past, 18, 167–181, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-167-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-167-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The analysis of fluid inclusions from a Puerto Rican speleothem provides quantitative information about past rainfall conditions and temperatures during the Last Glacial Period, when the climate was extremely variable. Our data show that the region experienced a climate that was generally colder and drier. However, we also reconstruct intervals when temperatures reached nearly modern values, and convective activity was comparable to or only slightly weaker than the present day.
Caroline Welte, Jens Fohlmeister, Melina Wertnik, Lukas Wacker, Bodo Hattendorf, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Christoph Spötl
Clim. Past, 17, 2165–2177, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Stalagmites are valuable climate archives, but unlike other proxies the use of stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) is still difficult. A stalagmite from the Austrian Alps was analyzed using a new laser ablation method for fast radiocarbon (14C) analysis. This allowed 14C and δ13C to be combined, showing that besides soil and bedrock a third source is contributing during periods of warm, wet climate: old organic matter.
Franziska A. Lechleitner, Christopher C. Day, Oliver Kost, Micah Wilhelm, Negar Haghipour, Gideon M. Henderson, and Heather M. Stoll
Clim. Past, 17, 1903–1918, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil respiration is a critical but poorly constrained component of the global carbon cycle. We analyse the effect of changing soil respiration rates on the stable carbon isotope ratio of speleothems from northern Spain covering the last deglaciation. Using geochemical analysis and forward modelling we quantify the processes affecting speleothem stable carbon isotope ratios and extract a signature of increasing soil respiration synchronous with deglacial warming.
Raphaël Hébert, Kira Rehfeld, and Thomas Laepple
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 28, 311–328, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-311-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-311-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Paleoclimate proxy data are essential for broadening our understanding of climate variability. There remain, however, challenges for traditional methods of variability analysis to be applied to such data, which are usually irregular. We perform a comparative analysis of different methods of scaling analysis, which provide variability estimates as a function of timescales, applied to irregular paleoclimate proxy data.
Aleix Cortina-Guerra, Juan José Gomez-Navarro, Belen Martrat, Juan Pedro Montávez, Alessandro Incarbona, Joan O. Grimalt, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, and P. Graham Mortyn
Clim. Past, 17, 1523–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1523-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1523-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During late 20th century a singular Mediterranean circulation episode called the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) event occurred. It involved changes on the seawater physical and biogeochemical properties, which can impact areas broadly. Here, using paleosimulations for the last 1000 years we found that the East Atlantic/Western Russian atmospheric mode was the main driver of the EMT-type events in the past, and enhancement of this mode was coetaneous with low solar insolation.
Ana Moreno, Miguel Iglesias, Cesar Azorin-Molina, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Miguel Bartolomé, Carlos Sancho, Heather Stoll, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Cinta Osácar, Arsenio Muñoz, Antonio Delgado-Huertas, Ileana Bladé, and Françoise Vimeux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10159–10177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10159-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10159-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a large and unique dataset of the rainfall isotopic composition at seven sites from northern Iberia to characterize their variability at daily and monthly timescales and to assess the role of climate and geographic factors in the modulation of δ18O values. We found that the origin, moisture uptake along the trajectory and type of precipitation play a key role. These results will help to improve the interpretation of δ18O paleorecords from lacustrine carbonates or speleothems.
Jinzhao Liu, Huawu Wu, Haiwei Zhang, Guoqiang Peng, Chong Jiang, Ying Zhao, and Jing Hu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-289, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-289, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Why do leaf water isotopes can generate to be an isotopic line in a dual-isotope plot? This isotopic water line is as important as the local meteoric water line (LMWL) in the isotope ecohydrology field. We analyzed the variations of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in soil water, stem water, and leaf water along an elevation transect across seasons. We found that both seasonality and altitude affecting source water are likely to result in the generation of an isotopic water line in leaf water.
Ashley N. Martin, Karina Meredith, Andy Baker, Marc D. Norman, and Eliza Bryan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3837–3853, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3837-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3837-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the silicon isotopic composition of groundwater from Rottnest Island, Western Australia, to investigate water–rock interactions in a coastal aquifer. Silicon isotopic ratios varied spatially across the island and were related to secondary mineral formation and vertical mixing within the aquifer. We find that silicate dissolution occurs in the freshwater–seawater transition zone, supporting the recent recognition of submarine groundwater discharge in the oceanic silicon isotope cycle.
Alexander Kuhn-Régnier, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Peer Nowack, Matthias Forkel, I. Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Biogeosciences, 18, 3861–3879, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Along with current climate, vegetation, and human influences, long-term accumulation of biomass affects fires. Here, we find that including the influence of antecedent vegetation and moisture improves our ability to predict global burnt area. Additionally, the length of the preceding period which needs to be considered for accurate predictions varies across regions.
Sarah E. Parker, Sandy P. Harrison, Laia Comas-Bru, Nikita Kaushal, Allegra N. LeGrande, and Martin Werner
Clim. Past, 17, 1119–1138, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1119-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1119-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Regional trends in the oxygen isotope (δ18O) composition of stalagmites reflect several climate processes. We compare stalagmite δ18O records from monsoon regions and model simulations to identify the causes of δ18O variability over the last 12 000 years, and between glacial and interglacial states. Precipitation changes explain the glacial–interglacial δ18O changes in all monsoon regions; Holocene trends are due to a combination of precipitation, atmospheric circulation and temperature changes.
Masa Kageyama, Sandy P. Harrison, Marie-L. Kapsch, Marcus Lofverstrom, Juan M. Lora, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Tristan Vadsaria, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Nathaelle Bouttes, Deepak Chandan, Lauren J. Gregoire, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Kenji Izumi, Allegra N. LeGrande, Fanny Lhardy, Gerrit Lohmann, Polina A. Morozova, Rumi Ohgaito, André Paul, W. Richard Peltier, Christopher J. Poulsen, Aurélien Quiquet, Didier M. Roche, Xiaoxu Shi, Jessica E. Tierney, Paul J. Valdes, Evgeny Volodin, and Jiang Zhu
Clim. Past, 17, 1065–1089, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~21 000 years ago) is a major focus for evaluating how well climate models simulate climate changes as large as those expected in the future. Here, we compare the latest climate model (CMIP6-PMIP4) to the previous one (CMIP5-PMIP3) and to reconstructions. Large-scale climate features (e.g. land–sea contrast, polar amplification) are well captured by all models, while regional changes (e.g. winter extratropical cooling, precipitations) are still poorly represented.
Elisa Ziegler and Kira Rehfeld
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2843–2866, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Past climate changes are the only record of how the climate responds to changes in conditions on Earth, but simulations with complex climate models are challenging. We extended a simple climate model such that it simulates the development of temperatures over time. In the model, changes in carbon dioxide and ice distribution affect the simulated temperatures the most. The model is very efficient and can therefore be used to examine past climate changes happening over long periods of time.
Janica C. Bühler, Carla Roesch, Moritz Kirschner, Louise Sime, Max D. Holloway, and Kira Rehfeld
Clim. Past, 17, 985–1004, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-985-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-985-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present three new isotope-enabled simulations for the last millennium (850–1850 CE) and compare them to records from a global speleothem database. Offsets between the simulated and measured oxygen isotope ratios are fairly small. While modeled oxygen isotope ratios are more variable on decadal timescales, proxy records are more variable on (multi-)centennial timescales. This could be due to a lack of long-term variability in complex model simulations, but proxy biases cannot be excluded.
Hongrui Zhang, Chuanlian Liu, Luz María Mejía, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 18, 1909–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1909-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1909-2021, 2021
Ana Moreno, Miguel Bartolomé, Juan Ignacio López-Moreno, Jorge Pey, Juan Pablo Corella, Jordi García-Orellana, Carlos Sancho, María Leunda, Graciela Gil-Romera, Penélope González-Sampériz, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Francisco Navarro, Jaime Otero-García, Javier Lapazaran, Esteban Alonso-González, Cristina Cid, Jerónimo López-Martínez, Belén Oliva-Urcia, Sérgio Henrique Faria, María José Sierra, Rocío Millán, Xavier Querol, Andrés Alastuey, and José M. García-Ruíz
The Cryosphere, 15, 1157–1172, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1157-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1157-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study of the chronological sequence of Monte Perdido Glacier in the Central Pyrenees (Spain) reveals that, although the intense warming associated with the Roman period or Medieval Climate Anomaly produced important ice mass losses, it was insufficient to make this glacier disappear. By contrast, recent global warming has melted away almost 600 years of ice accumulated since the Little Ice Age, jeopardising the survival of this and other southern European glaciers over the next few decades.
Catarina Cavaleiro, Antje H. L. Voelker, Heather Stoll, Karl-Heinz Baumann, and Michal Kucera
Clim. Past, 16, 2017–2037, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, 2020
Laia Comas-Bru, Kira Rehfeld, Carla Roesch, Sahar Amirnezhad-Mozhdehi, Sandy P. Harrison, Kamolphat Atsawawaranunt, Syed Masood Ahmad, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Matthew Bosomworth, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach, Yuval Burstyn, Andrea Columbu, Michael Deininger, Attila Demény, Bronwyn Dixon, Jens Fohlmeister, István Gábor Hatvani, Jun Hu, Nikita Kaushal, Zoltán Kern, Inga Labuhn, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Andrew Lorrey, Belen Martrat, Valdir Felipe Novello, Jessica Oster, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Denis Scholz, Nick Scroxton, Nitesh Sinha, Brittany Marie Ward, Sophie Warken, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2579–2606, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2579-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2579-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an updated version of the SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) database. This new version contains isotopic data from 691 speleothem records from 294 cave sites and new age–depth models, including their uncertainties, for 512 speleothems.
Chris M. Brierley, Anni Zhao, Sandy P. Harrison, Pascale Braconnot, Charles J. R. Williams, David J. R. Thornalley, Xiaoxu Shi, Jean-Yves Peterschmitt, Rumi Ohgaito, Darrell S. Kaufman, Masa Kageyama, Julia C. Hargreaves, Michael P. Erb, Julien Emile-Geay, Roberta D'Agostino, Deepak Chandan, Matthieu Carré, Partrick J. Bartlein, Weipeng Zheng, Zhongshi Zhang, Qiong Zhang, Hu Yang, Evgeny M. Volodin, Robert A. Tomas, Cody Routson, W. Richard Peltier, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Polina A. Morozova, Nicholas P. McKay, Gerrit Lohmann, Allegra N. Legrande, Chuncheng Guo, Jian Cao, Esther Brady, James D. Annan, and Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Clim. Past, 16, 1847–1872, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an initial exploration and comparison to climate reconstructions of the new climate model simulations of the mid-Holocene (6000 years ago). These use state-of-the-art models developed for CMIP6 and apply the same experimental set-up. The models capture several key aspects of the climate, but some persistent issues remain.
Bronwen L. Konecky, Nicholas P. McKay, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Laia Comas-Bru, Emilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Georgina M. Falster, Matt J. Fischer, Matthew D. Jones, Lukas Jonkers, Darrell S. Kaufman, Guillaume Leduc, Shreyas R. Managave, Belen Martrat, Thomas Opel, Anais J. Orsi, Judson W. Partin, Hussein R. Sayani, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Diane M. Thompson, Jonathan J. Tyler, Nerilie J. Abram, Alyssa R. Atwood, Olivier Cartapanis, Jessica L. Conroy, Mark A. Curran, Sylvia G. Dee, Michael Deininger, Dmitry V. Divine, Zoltán Kern, Trevor J. Porter, Samantha L. Stevenson, Lucien von Gunten, and Iso2k Project Members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2261–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, 2020
Cited articles
Allan, M., Deliège, A., Verheyden, S., Nicolay, S., Quinif, Y., and Fagel, N.: Evidence for solar influence in a Holocene speleothem record (Père Noël cave, SE Belgium), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 192, 249–262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.05.039, 2018.
Andrews, J. E., Carolin, S. A., Peckover, E. N., Marca, A., Al-Omari, S., and Rowe, P. J.: Holocene stable isotope record of insolation and rapid climate change in a stalagmite from the Zagros of Iran, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 241, 106433, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106433, 2020.
Apaéstegui, J., Cruz, F. W., Vuille, M., Fohlmeister, J., Espinoza, J. C., Sifeddine, A., Strikis, N., Guyot, J. L., Ventura, R., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Precipitation changes over the eastern Bolivian Andes inferred from speleothem (δ18O) records for the last 1400 years, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 494, 124–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.048, 2018.
Arienzo, M. M., Swart, P. K., Broad, K., Clement, A. C., Pourmand, A., and Kakuk, B.: Multi-proxy evidence of millennial climate variability from multiple Bahamian speleothems, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 161, 18–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.02.004, 2017.
Asrat, A., Baker, A., Leng, M. J., Hellstrom, J., Mariethoz, G., Boomer, I., Yu, D., Jex, C. N., and Gunn, J.: Paleoclimate change in Ethiopia around the last interglacial derived from annually-resolved stalagmite evidence, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 202, 197–210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.016, 2018.
Atsawawaranunt, K., Comas-Bru, L., Amirnezhad Mozhdehi, S., Deininger, M., Harrison, S. P., Baker, A., Boyd, M., Kaushal, N., Ahmad, S. M., Ait Brahim, Y., Arienzo, M., Bajo, P., Braun, K., Burstyn, Y., Chawchai, S., Duan, W., Hatvani, I. G., Hu, J., Kern, Z., Labuhn, I., Lachniet, M., Lechleitner, F. A., Lorrey, A., Pérez-Mejías, C., Pickering, R., Scroxton, N., and SISAL Working Group Members: The SISAL database: a global resource to document oxygen and carbon isotope records from speleothems, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1687–1713, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1687-2018, 2018.
Ayalon, A., Bar-Matthews, M., and Sass, E.: Rainfall-recharge relationships within a karstic terrain in the Eastern Mediterranean semi-arid region, Israel: δ18O and δD characteristics, J. Hydrol., 207, 18–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00119-X, 1998.
Ayalon, A., Bar-Matthews, M., Frumkin, A., and Matthews, A.: Last Glacial warm events on Mount Hermon: the southern extension of the Alpine karst range of the east Mediterranean, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 59, 43–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.047, 2013.
Azevedo, V., Stríkis, N. M., Santos, R. A., de Souza, J. G., Ampuero, A., Cruz, F. W., de Oliveira, P., Iriarte, J., Stumpf, C. F., Vuille, M., Mendes, V. R., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Medieval Climate Variability in the eastern Amazon-Cerrado regions and its archeological implications, Sci. Rep., 9, 20306, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56852-7, 2019.
Azevedo, V., Strikis, N. M., Novello, V. F., Roland, C. L., Cruz, F. W., Santos, R. V., Vuille, M., Utida, G., De Andrade, F. R. D., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Paleovegetation seesaw in Brazil since the Late Pleistocene: A multiproxy study of two biomes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 563, 116880, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116880, 2021.
Badertscher, S., Fleitmann, D., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Göktürk, O. M., Zumbühl, A., Leuenberger, M., and Tüysüz, O.: Pleistocene water intrusions from the Mediterranean and Caspian seas into the Black Sea, Nat. Geosci., 4, 236–239, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1106, 2011.
Baker, A., Ito, E., Smart, P. L., and McEwan, R. F.: Elevated and variable values of 13C in speleothems in a British cave system, Chem. Geol., 136, 263–270, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00129-5, 1997.
Baker, A., Hartmann, A., Duan, W., Hankin, S., Comas-Bru, L., Cuthbert, M. O., Treble, P. C., Banner, J., Genty, D., Baldini, L. M., Bartolomé, M., Moreno, A., Pérez-Mejías, C., and Werner, M.: Global analysis reveals climatic controls on the oxygen isotope composition of cave drip water, Nat. Commun., 10, 2984, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11027-w, 2019.
Baker, A., Mariethoz, G., Comas-Bru, L., Hartmann, A., Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Treble, P. C., and Asrat, A.: The Properties of Annually Laminated Stalagmites-A Global Synthesis, Rev. Geophys., 59, e2020RG000722, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000722, 2021.
Baldini, J. U. L., Lechleitner, F. A., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Van Hunen, J., Baldini, L. M., Wynn, P. M., Jamieson, R. A., Ridley, H. E., Baker, A. J., Walczak, I. W., and Fohlmeister, J.: Detecting and quantifying palaeoseasonality in stalagmites using geochemical and modelling approaches, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 254, 106784, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106784, 2021.
Baldini, L. M., Baldini, J. U. L., McDermott, F., Arias, P., Cueto, M., Fairchild, I. J., Hoffmann, D. L., Mattey, D. P., Müller, W., Nita, D. C., Ontañón, R., Garciá-Moncó, C., and Richards, D. A.: North Iberian temperature and rainfall seasonality over the Younger Dryas and Holocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 226, 105998, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105998, 2019.
Band, S. T., Yadava, M. G., Kaushal, N., Midhun, M., Thirumalai, K., Francis, T., Laskar, A., Ramesh, R., Henderson, G. M., and Narayana, A. C.: Southern hemisphere forced millennial scale Indian summer monsoon variability during the late Pleistocene, Sci. Rep., 12, 10136, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14010-6, 2022.
Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., Gilmour, M., Matthews, A., and Hawkesworth, C. J.: Sea-land oxygen isotopic relationships from planktonic foraminifera and speleothems in the Eastern Mediterranean region and their implication for paleorainfall during interglacial intervals, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 67, 3181–3199, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01031-1, 2003.
Bar-Matthews, M., Marean, C. W., Jacobs, Z., Karkanas, P., Fisher, E. C., Herries, A. I. R., Brown, K., Williams, H. M., Bernatchez, J., Ayalon, A., and Nilssen, P. J.: A high resolution and continuous isotopic speleothem record of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment from 90 to 53 ka from Pinnacle Point on the south coast of South Africa, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 2131–2145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.009, 2010.
Belli, R., Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Drysdale, R., Hellstrom, J., Zhao, J. X., and Spötl, C.: Regional climate variability and ecosystem responses to the last deglaciation in the northern hemisphere from stable isotope data and calcite fabrics in two northern Adriatic stalagmites, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 72, 146–158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.04.014, 2013.
Belli, R., Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Drysdale, R., Maas, R., and Greig, A.: Investigating the hydrological significance of stalagmite geochemistry (Mg, Sr) using Sr isotope and particulate element records across the Late Glacial-to-Holocene transition, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 199, 247–263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.024, 2017.
Bernal-Wormull, J. L., Moreno, A., Pérez-Mejías, C., Bartolomé, M., Aranburu, A., Arriolabengoa, M., Iriarte, E., Cacho, I., Spötl, C., Edwards, R. L., and Cheng, H.: Immediate temperature response in northern Iberia to last deglacial changes in the North Atlantic, Geology, 49, 999–1003, https://doi.org/10.1130/G48660.1, 2021.
Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Fairchild, I. J., Somogyi, A., and Susini, J.: Trace element distribution in annual stalagmite laminae mapped by micrometer-resolution X-ray fluorescence: Implications for incorporation of environmentally significant species, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 71, 1494–1512, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.12.016, 2007.
Braun, K., Bar-Matthews, M., Matthews, A., Ayalon, A., Cowling, R. M., Karkanas, P., Fisher, E. C., Dyez, K., Zilberman, T., and Marean, C. W.: Late Pleistocene records of speleothem stable isotopic compositions from Pinnacle Point on the South African south coast, Quaternary Res., 91, 265–288, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.61, 2019a.
Braun, K., Nehme, C., Pickering, R., Rogerson, M., and Scroxton, N.: A Window into Africa's Past Hydroclimates: The SISAL_v1 Database Contribution, Quaternary, 2, 4, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat2010004, 2019b.
Braun, K., Bar-Matthews, M., Matthews, A., Ayalon, A., Zilberman, T., Cowling, R. M., Fisher, E. C., Herries, A. I. R., Brink, J. S., and Marean, C. W.: Comparison of climate and environment on the edge of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain to the Little Karoo (South Africa) in Marine Isotope Stages 5–3 as indicated by speleothems, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 235, 105803, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.025, 2020.
Buchhorn, M., Lesiv, M., Tsendbazar, N.-E., Herold, M., Bertels, L., and Smets, B.: Copernicus Global Land Cover Layers – Collection 2, Remote Sensing, 12, 1044, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12061044, 2020.
Buchhorn, M., Smets, B., Bertels, L., Roo, B. D., Lesiv, M., Tsendbazar, N.-E., Li, L., and Tarko, A.: Copernicus Global Land Service: Land Cover 100m: version 3 Globe 2015–2019: Product User Manual, Zenodo [manual], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4723921, 2021.
Buckingham, F. L., Carolin, S. A., Partin, J. W., Adkins, J. F., Cobb, K. M., Day, C. C., Ding, Q., He, C., Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, B., Roberts, W. H. G., Lejau, S., and Malang, J.: Termination 1 Millennial-Scale Rainfall Events Over the Sunda Shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2021GL096937, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096937, 2022.
Budsky, A., Scholz, D., Wassenburg, J. A., Mertz-Kraus, R., Spötl, C., Riechelmann, D. F., Gibert, L., Jochum, K. P., and Andreae, M. O.: Speleothem δ13 C record suggests enhanced spring/summer drought in south-eastern Spain between 9.7 and 7.8 ka – A circum-Western Mediterranean anomaly?, The Holocene, 29, 1113–1133, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619838021, 2019.
Bühler, J. C., Axelsson, J., Lechleitner, F. A., Fohlmeister, J., LeGrande, A. N., Midhun, M., Sjolte, J., Werner, M., Yoshimura, K., and Rehfeld, K.: Investigating stable oxygen and carbon isotopic variability in speleothem records over the last millennium using multiple isotope-enabled climate models, Clim. Past, 18, 1625–1654, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1625-2022, 2022.
Burstyn, Y., Martrat, B., Lopez, J. F., Iriarte, E., Jacobson, M. J., Lone, M. A., and Deininger, M.: Speleothems from the Middle East: An Example of Water Limited Environments in the SISAL Database, Quaternary, 2, 16, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat2020016, 2019.
Carolin, S. A., Ersek, V., Roberts, W. H. G., Walker, R. T., and Henderson, G. M.: Drying in the Middle East During Northern Hemisphere Cold Events of the Early Glacial Period, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 14003–14010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084365, 2019a.
Carolin, S. A., Walker, R. T., Day, C. C., Ersek, V., Sloan, R. A., Dee, M. W., Talebian, M., and Henderson, G. M.: Precise timing of abrupt increase in dust activity in the Middle East coincident with 4.2 ka social change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 67–72, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808103115, 2019b.
Chawchai, S., Tan, L., Löwemark, L., Wang, H.-C., Yu, T.-L., Chung, Y.-C., Mii, H.-S., Liu, G., Blaauw, M., Gong, S.-Y., Wohlfarth, B., and Shen, C.-C.: Hydroclimate variability of central Indo-Pacific region during the Holocene, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 253, 106779, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106779, 2021.
Chen, C., Yuan, D., Cheng, H., Yu, T., Shen, C., Edwards, R. L., Wu, Y., Xiao, S., Zhang, J., Wang, T., Huang, R., Liu, Z., Li, T., and Li, J.: Human activity and climate change triggered the expansion of rocky desertification in the karst areas of Southwestern China, Sci. China Earth Sci., 64, 1761–1773, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9760-7, 2021.
Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Broecker, W. S., Denton, G. H., Kong, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, R., and Wang, X.: Ice age terminations., Science (New York, N.Y.), 326, 248–252, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177840, 2009a.
Cheng, H., Fleitmann, D., Edwards, R. L., Wang, X., Cruz, F. W., Auler, A. S., Mangini, A., Wang, Y., Kong, X., Burns, S. J., and Matter, A.: Timing and structure of the 8.2 kyr B.P. event inferred from δ18O records of stalagmites from China, Oman, and Brazil, Geology, 37, 1007–1010, https://doi.org/10.1130/G30126A.1, 2009b.
Cheng, H., Sinha, A., Cruz, F. W., Wang, X., Edwards, R. L., Horta, F. M., Ribas, C. C., Vuille, M., Stott, L. D., and Auler, A. S.: Climate change in Amazonia and biodiversity, Nat. Commun., 4, 1411, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2415, 2013.
Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Sinha, A., Spötl, C., Yi, L., Chen, S., Kelly, M., Kathayat, G., Wang, X., Li, X., Kong, X., Wang, Y., Ning, Y., and Zhang, H.: The Asian monsoon over the past 640,000 years and ice age terminations, Nature, 534, 640–646, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18591, 2016.
Cheng, H., Springer, G. S., Sinha, A., Hardt, B. F., Yi, L., Li, H., Tian, Y., Li, X., Rowe, H. D., Kathayat, G., Ning, Y., and Edwards, R. L.: Eastern North American climate in phase with fall insolation throughout the last three glacial-interglacial cycles, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 522, 125–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.029, 2019.
Cheng, H., Xu, Y., Dong, X., Zhao, J., Li, H., Baker, J., Sinha, A., Spötl, C., Zhang, H., Du, W., Zong, B., Jia, X., Kathayat, G., Liu, D., Cai, Y., Wang, X., Strikis, N. M., Cruz, F. W., Auler, A. S., Gupta, A. K., Singh, R. K., Jaglan, S., Dutt, S., Liu, Z., and Edwards, R. L.: Onset and termination of Heinrich Stadial 4 and the underlying climate dynamics, Commun. Earth Environ., 2, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00304-6, 2021.
Cisneros, M., Cacho, I., Moreno, A., Stoll, H., Torner, J., Català, A., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., and Fornós, J. J.: Hydroclimate variability during the last 2700 years based on stalagmite multi-proxy records in the central-western Mediterranean, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 269, 107137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107137, 2021.
Columbu, A., Drysdale, R., Hellstrom, J., Woodhead, J., Cheng, H., Hua, Q., Zhao, J., Montagna, P., Pons-Branchu, E., and Edwards, R. L.: U-Th and radiocarbon dating of calcite speleothems from gypsum caves (Emilia Romagna, North Italy), Quaternary Geochron., 52, 51–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2019.04.002, 2019.
Columbu, A., Chiarini, V., Spötl, C., Benazzi, S., Hellstrom, J., Cheng, H., and De Waele, J.: Speleothem record attests to stable environmental conditions during Neanderthal–modern human turnover in southern Italy, Nat. Ecol. Evol., 4, 1188–1195, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1243-1, 2020.
Columbu, A., Spötl, C., Fohlmeister, J., Hu, H.-M., Chiarini, V., Hellstrom, J., Cheng, H., Shen, C.-C., and De Waele, J.: Central Mediterranean rainfall varied with high northern latitude temperatures during the last deglaciation, Commun. Earth Environ., 3, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00509-3, 2022.
Comas-Bru, L. and Harrison, S. P.: SISAL: Bringing added value to speleothem research, Quaternary, 2, 7, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat2010007, 2019.
Comas-Bru, L., Deininger, M., Harrison, S., Bar-Matthews, M., Baker, A., Duan, W., and Stríkis, N.: Speleothem synthesis and analysis working group, PAGES Mag., 25, 129–129, https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.25.2.129, 2017.
Comas-Bru, L., Harrison, S. P., Werner, M., Rehfeld, K., Scroxton, N., Veiga-Pires, C., and SISAL working group members: Evaluating model outputs using integrated global speleothem records of climate change since the last glacial, Clim. Past, 15, 1557–1579, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1557-2019, 2019.
Comas-Bru, L., Rehfeld, K., Roesch, C., Amirnezhad-Mozhdehi, S., Harrison, S. P., Atsawawaranunt, K., Ahmad, S. M., Brahim, Y. A., Baker, A., Bosomworth, M., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Burstyn, Y., Columbu, A., Deininger, M., Demény, A., Dixon, B., Fohlmeister, J., Hatvani, I. G., Hu, J., Kaushal, N., Kern, Z., Labuhn, I., Lechleitner, F. A., Lorrey, A., Martrat, B., Novello, V. F., Oster, J., Pérez-Mejías, C., Scholz, D., Scroxton, N., Sinha, N., Ward, B. M., Warken, S., Zhang, H., and SISAL Working Group members: SISALv2: a comprehensive speleothem isotope database with multiple age–depth models, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2579–2606, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2579-2020, 2020.
Covington, M. D. and Perne, M.: Consider a cylindrical cave: A physicist's view of cave and karst science, Acta Carsologica, 44, 363–380, https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v44i3.1925, 2015.
Cruz, F. W., Burns, S. J., Jercinovic, M., Karmann, I., Sharp, W. D., and Vuille, M.: Evidence of rainfall variations in Southern Brazil from trace element ratios (
Day, C. C. and Henderson, G. M.: Controls on trace-element partitioning in cave-analogue calcite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 120, 612–627, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.05.044, 2013.
Deininger, M., Ward, B. M., Novello, V. F., and Cruz, F. W.: Late Quaternary Variations in the South American Monsoon System as Inferred by Speleothems—New Perspectives Using the SISAL Database, Quaternary, 2, 6, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat2010006, 2019.
Della Libera, M. E., Novello, V. F., Cruz, F. W., Orrison, R., Vuille, M., Maezumi, S. Y., de Souza, J., Cauhy, J., Campos, J. L. P. S., Ampuero, A., Utida, G., Stríkis, N. M., Stumpf, C. F., Azevedo, V., Zhang, H., Edwards, R. L., and Cheng, H.: Paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes in Amazonian lowlands over the last three millennia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 279, 107383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107383, 2022.
Dorale, J. A., Edwards, L. R., Ito, E., and Gonzalez, L. A.: Climate and Vegetation History of the Midcontinent from 75 to 25 ka: A Speleothem Record from Crevice Cave, Missouri, USA | Science, Science (New York, N.Y.), 282, 1871–1874, 1998.
Drysdale, R., Couchoud, I., Zanchetta, G., Isola, I., Regattieri, E., Hellstrom, J., Govin, A., Tzedakis, P. C., Ireland, T., Corrick, E., Greig, A., Wong, H., Piccini, L., Holden, P., and Woodhead, J.: Magnesium in subaqueous speleothems as a potential palaeotemperature proxy, Nat. Commun., 11, 5027, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18083-7, 2020.
Duan, W., Cheng, H., Tan, M., Li, X., and Lawrence Edwards, R.: Timing and structure of Termination II in north China constrained by a precisely dated stalagmite record, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 512, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.043, 2019.
Duan, W., Wang, X., Tan, M., Cui, L., Wang, X., and Xiao, Z.: Variable Phase Relationship Between Monsoon and Temperature in East Asia During Termination II Revealed by Oxygen and Clumped Isotopes of a Northern Chinese Stalagmite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL098296, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098296, 2022.
Dupont, L. A., Railsback, L. B., Liang, F., Brook, G. A., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Episodic deposition of stalagmites in the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo suggests Equatorial Humid Periods during insolation maxima, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 286, 107552, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107552, 2022.
Fairchild, I. J. and Treble, P. C.: Trace elements in speleothems as recorders of environmental change, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 449–468, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.11.007, 2009.
Fairchild, I. J., Borsato, A., Tooth, A. F., Frisia, S., Hawkesworth, C. J., Huang, Y., McDermott, F., and Spiro, B.: Controls on trace element (Sr-Mg) compositions of carbonate cave waters: implications for speleothem climatic records, Chem. Geol., 166, 255–269, 2000.
Faraji, M., Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Hartland, A., Hellstrom, J. C., and Greig, A.: High-resolution reconstruction of infiltration in the Southern Cook Islands based on trace elements in speleothems, Quaternary Res., 118, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.51, 2023.
Finestone, E. M., Breeze, P. S., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Drake, N., Bergmann, L., Maksudov, F., Muhammadiyev, A., Scott, P., Cai, Y., Khatsenovich, A. M., Rybin, E. P., Nehrke, G., Boivin, N., and Petraglia, M.: Paleolithic occupation of arid Central Asia in the Middle Pleistocene, PLOS ONE, 17, e0273984, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273984, 2022.
Flohr, P., Fleitmann, D., Zorita, E., Sadekov, A., Cheng, H., Bosomworth, M., Edwards, L., Matthews, W., and Matthews, R.: Late Holocene droughts in the Fertile Crescent recorded in a speleothem from northern Iraq, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 1528–1536, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071786, 2017.
Fohlmeister, J., Vollweiler, N., Spötl, C., and Mangini, A.: COMNISPA II: Update of a mid-European isotope climate record, 11 ka to present, The Holocene, 23, 749–754, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683612465446, 2013.
Fohlmeister, J., Voarintsoa, N. R. G., Lechleitner, F. A., Boyd, M., Brandtstätter, S., Jacobson, M. J., and Oster, J. L.: Main controls on the stable carbon isotope composition of speleothems, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 279, 67–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.042, 2020.
Frumkin, A., Ford, D. C., and Schwarcz, H. P.: Continental Oxygen Isotopic Record of the Last 170,000 Years in Jerusalem, Quaternary Res., 51, 317–327, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.2031, 1999.
Genty, D., Blamart, D., Ouahdi, R., Gilmour, M., Baker, A., Jouzel, J., and Van-Exter, S.: Precise dating of Dansgaard-Oeschger climate oscillations in western Europe from stalagmite data, Nature, 421, 833–837, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01391, 2003.
Genty, D., Blamart, D., Ghaleb, B., Plagnes, V., Causse, C., Bakalowicz, M., Zouari, K., Chkir, N., Hellstrom, J., Wainer, K., and Bourges, F.: Timing and dynamics of the last deglaciation from European and North African δ13C stalagmite profiles – Comparison with Chinese and South Hemisphere stalagmites, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 2118–2142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.01.030, 2006.
Goede, A., McCulloch, M., McDermott, F., and Hawkesworth, C.: Aeolian contribution to strontium and strontium isotope variations in a tasmanian speleothem, Chem. Geol., 149, 37–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00035-7, 1998.
Goldscheider, N., Chen, Z., Auler, A. S., Bakalowicz, M., Broda, S., Drew, D., Hartmann, J., Jiang, G., Moosdorf, N., Stevanovic, Z., and Veni, G.: Global distribution of carbonate rocks and karst water resources, Hydrogeol. J., 28, 1661–1677, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02139-5, 2020.
Green, H., Pickering, R., Drysdale, R., Johnson, B. C., Hellstrom, J., and Wallace, M.: Evidence for global teleconnections in a late Pleistocene speleothem record of water balance and vegetation change at Sudwala Cave, South Africa, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 110, 114–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.11.016, 2015.
Griffiths, M. L., Johnson, K. R., Pausata, F. S. R., White, J. C., Henderson, G. M., Wood, C. T., Yang, H., Ersek, V., Conrad, C., and Sekhon, N.: End of Green Sahara amplified mid- to late Holocene megadroughts in mainland Southeast Asia, Nat. Commun., 11, 4204, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17927-6, 2020.
Hatvani, I. G., Kern, Z., Tanos, P., Wilhelm, M., Lechleitner, F. A., and Kaushal, N.: The SISAL webApp: exploring the speleothem climate and environmental archives of the world, Quaternary Res., 118, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.39, 2024 (data available at: http://geochem.hu/SISAL_webApp, last access: 8 March 2024).
Henderson, G. M.: Caving in to new chronologies., Science, 313, 620–622, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128980, 2006.
Honiat, C., Festi, D., Wilcox, P. S., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., and Spötl, C.: Early Last Interglacial environmental changes recorded by speleothems from Katerloch (south-east Austria), J. Quaternary Sci., 37, 664–676, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3398, 2022.
Hu, C., Henderson, G. M., Huang, J., Xie, S., Sun, Y., and Johnson, K. R.: Quantification of Holocene Asian monsoon rainfall from spatially separated cave records, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 266, 221–232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.015, 2008.
Hu, H.-M., Michel, V., Valensi, P., Mii, H.-S., Starnini, E., Zunino, M., and Shen, C.-C.: Stalagmite-Inferred Climate in the Western Mediterranean during the Roman Warm Period, Climate, 10, 93, https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10070093, 2022.
Huang, Y., Fairchild, I. J., Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Cassidy, N. J., McDermott, F., and Hawkesworth, C. J.: Seasonal variations in Sr, Mg and P in modern speleothems (Grotta di Ernesto, Italy), Chem. Geol., 175, 429–448, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00337-5, 2001.
Jacobson, M. J., Flohr, P., Gascoigne, A., Leng, M. J., Sadekov, A., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Tüysüz, O., and Fleitmann, D.: Heterogenous Late Holocene Climate in the Eastern Mediterranean – The Kocain Cave Record From SW Turkey, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL094733, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094733, 2021.
Jamieson, R. A., Baldini, J. U. L., Brett, M. J., Taylor, J., Ridley, H. E., Ottley, C. J., Prufer, K. M., Wassenburg, J. A., Scholz, D., and Breitenbach, S. F. M.: Intra- and inter-annual uranium concentration variability in a Belizean stalagmite controlled by prior aragonite precipitation: A new tool for reconstructing hydro-climate using aragonitic speleothems, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 190, 332–346, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.037, 2016.
Jochum, K. P., Scholz, D., Stoll, B., Weis, U., Wilson, S. A., Yang, Q., Schwalb, A., Börner, N., Jacob, D. E., and Andreae, M. O.: Accurate trace element analysis of speleothems and biogenic calcium carbonates by LA-ICP-MS, Chem. Geol., 318–319, 31–44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.05.009, 2012.
Johnson, K. R., Hu, C., Belshaw, N. S., and Henderson, G. M.: Seasonal trace-element and stable-isotope variations in a Chinese speleothem: The potential for high-resolution paleomonsoon reconstruction, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 244, 394–407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.064, 2006.
Johnston, V. E., Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Spötl, C., Hellstrom, J. C., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Last interglacial hydroclimate in the Italian Prealps reconstructed from speleothem multi-proxy records (Bigonda Cave, NE Italy), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 272, 107243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107243, 2021.
Kathayat, G., Cheng, H., Sinha, A., Spötl, C., Edwards, R. L., Zhang, H., Li, X., Yi, L., Ning, Y., Cai, Y., Lui Lui, W., and Breitenbach, S. F. M.: Indian monsoon variability on millennial-orbital timescales, Sci. Rep., 6, 24374, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24374, 2016.
Kaushal, N., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Lechleitner, F. A., Sinha, A., Tewari, V. C., Ahmad, S. M., Berkelhammer, M., Band, S., Yadava, M., Ramesh, R., and Henderson, G. M.: The Indian Summer Monsoon from a Speleothem δ18O Perspective – A Review, Quaternary, 1, 29, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat1030029, 2018.
Kaushal, N., Lechleitner, F. A., Wilhelm, M., and SISAL Working Group members: SISALv3: Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and AnaLysis Database Version 3.0, University of Oxford [data set], https://doi.org/10.5287/ora-2nanwp4rk, 2024.
Kelly, M. J., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Yuan, D., Cai, Y., Zhang, M., Lin, Y., and An, Z.: High resolution characterization of the Asian Monsoon between 146,000 and 99,000 years B.P. from Dongge Cave, China and global correlation of events surrounding Termination II, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 236, 20–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.11.042, 2006.
Kern, Z., Demény, A., Perşoiu, A., and Hatvani, I. G.: Speleothem Records from the Eastern Part of Europe and Turkey – Discussion on Stable Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes, Quaternary, 2, 31, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat2030031, 2019.
Koltai, G., Spötl, C., Shen, C.-C., Wu, C.-C., Rao, Z., Palcsu, L., Kele, S., Surányi, G., and Bárány-Kevei, I.: A penultimate glacial climate record from southern Hungary, J. Quaternary Sci., 32, 946–956, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2968, 2017.
Lachniet, M. S., Denniston, R. F., Asmerom, Y., and Polyak, V. J.: Orbital control of western North America atmospheric circulation and climate over two glacial cycles, Nat. Commun., 5, 3805, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4805, 2014.
Lechleitner, F. A., Amirnezhad-Mozhdehi, S., Columbu, A., Comas-Bru, L., Labuhn, I., Pérez-Mejías, C., and Rehfeld, K.: The Potential of Speleothems from Western Europe as Recorders of Regional Climate: A Critical Assessment of the SISAL Database, Quaternary, 1, 30, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat1030030, 2018.
Lechleitner, F. A., Day, C. C., Kost, O., Wilhelm, M., Haghipour, N., Henderson, G. M., and Stoll, H. M.: Stalagmite carbon isotopes suggest deglacial increase in soil respiration in western Europe driven by temperature change, Clim. Past, 17, 1903–1918, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1903-2021, 2021.
Li, H., Sinha, A., Anquetil André, A., Spötl, C., Vonhof, H. B., Meunier, A., Kathayat, G., Duan, P., Voarintsoa, N. R. G., Ning, Y., Biswas, J., Hu, P., Li, X., Sha, L., Zhao, J., Edwards, R. L., and Cheng, H.: A multimillennial climatic context for the megafaunal extinctions in Madagascar and Mascarene Islands, Sci. Adv., 6, eabb2459, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb2459, 2020.
Li, H., Spötl, C., and Cheng, H.: A high-resolution speleothem proxy record of the Late Glacial in the European Alps: extending the NALPS19 record until the beginning of the Holocene, J. Quaternary Sci., 36, 29–39, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3255, 2021.
Li, H.-C., Ku, T.-L., You, C.-F., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Ma, Z.-B., Tsai, W., and Li, M.-D.: 87Sr/86Sr and
Li, T.-Y., Baker, J. L., Wang, T., Zhang, J., Wu, Y., Li, H.-C., Blyakharchuk, T., Yu, T.-L., Shen, C.-C., Cheng, H., Kong, X.-G., Xie, W.-L., and Edwards, R. L.: Early Holocene permafrost retreat in West Siberia amplified by reorganization of westerly wind systems, Commun. Earth Environ., 2, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00238-z, 2021.
Liu, D., Wang, Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Kong, X., Chen, S., and Liu, S.: Contrasting Patterns in Abrupt Asian Summer Monsoon Changes in the Last Glacial Period and the Holocene, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 33, 214–226, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003294, 2018.
Liu, D., Mi, X., Liu, S., and Wang, Y.: Multi-phased Asian hydroclimate variability during Heinrich Stadial 5, Clim. Dynam., 60, 4003–4016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06566-w, 2023.
Liu, G., Li, X., Chiang, H.-W., Cheng, H., Yuan, S., Chawchai, S., He, S., Lu, Y., Aung, L. T., Maung, P. M., Tun, W. N., Oo, K. M., and Wang, X.: On the glacial-interglacial variability of the Asian monsoon in speleothem δ18O records, Sci. Adv., 6, eaay8189, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay8189, 2020.
Lorrey, A. M., Williams, P. W., Woolley, J.-M., Fauchereau, N. C., Hartland, A., Bostock, H., Eaves, S., Lachniet, M. S., Renwick, J. A., and Varma, V.: Late Quaternary Climate Variability and Change from Aotearoa New Zealand Speleothems: Progress in Age Modelling, Oxygen Isotope Master Record Construction and Proxy-Model Comparisons, Quaternary, 3, 24, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat3030024, 2020.
Luetscher, M., Moseley, G. E., Festi, D., Hof, F., Edwards, R. L., and Spötl, C.: A Last Interglacial speleothem record from the Sieben Hengste cave system (Switzerland): Implications for alpine paleovegetation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 262, 106974, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106974, 2021.
Magiera, M., Lechleitner, F. A., Erhardt, A. M., Hartland, A., Kwiecien, O., Cheng, H., Bradbury, H. J., Turchyn, A. V., Riechelmann, S., Edwards, L., and Breitenbach, S. F. M.: Local and Regional Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation Dynamics During Termination II and the Last Interglacial, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 12454–12463, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083721, 2019.
Mangini, A., Spötl, C., and Verdes, P.: Reconstruction of temperature in the Central Alps during the past 2000 yr from a d18O stalagmite record, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 235, 741–751, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.05.010, 2005.
Markowska, M., Cuthbert, M. O., Baker, A., Treble, P. C., Andersen, M. S., Adler, L., Griffiths, A., and Frisia, S.: Modern speleothem oxygen isotope hydroclimate records in water-limited SE Australia, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 270, 431–448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.12.007, 2020.
McDonough, L. K., Treble, P. C., Baker, A., Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Nagra, G., Coleborn, K., Gagan, M. K., Zhao, J., and Paterson, D.: Past fires and post-fire impacts reconstructed from a southwest Australian stalagmite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 325, 258–277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.03.020, 2022.
Meckler, A. N., Clarkson, M. O., Cobb, K. M., Sodemann, H., and Adkins, J. F.: Interglacial Hydroclimate in the Tropical West Pacific Through the Late Pleistocene, Science, 336, 1301–1304, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1218340, 2012.
Medina-Elizalde, M., Perritano, S., DeCesare, M., Polanco-Martinez, J., Lases-Hernandez, F., Serrato-Marks, G., and McGee, D.: Southeastern United States Hydroclimate During Holocene Abrupt Climate Events: Evidence From New Stalagmite Isotopic Records From Alabama, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 37, e2021PA004346, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004346, 2022.
Moreno, A., Stoll, H., Jiménez-Sánchez, M., Cacho, I., Valero-Garcés, B., Ito, E., and Edwards, R. L.: A speleothem record of glacial (25-11.6 kyr BP) rapid climatic changes from northern Iberian Peninsula, Global Planet. Change, 71, 218–231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.10.002, 2010.
Moseley, G. E., Spötl, C., Cheng, H., Boch, R., Min, A., and Edwards, R. L.: Termination-II interstadial/stadial climate change recorded in two stalagmites from the north European Alps, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 127, 229–239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.012, 2015.
Moseley, G. E., Edwards, R. L., Lord, N. S., Spötl, C., and Cheng, H.: Speleothem record of mild and wet mid-Pleistocene climate in northeast Greenland, Sci. Adv., 7, eabe1260, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe1260, 2021.
Nagra, G., Treble, P. C., Andersen, M. S., Fairchild, I. J., Coleborn, K., and Baker, A.: A post-wildfire response in cave dripwater chemistry, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2745–2758, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2745-2016, 2016.
Nagra, G., Treble, P. C., Andersen, M. S., Bajo, P., Hellstrom, J., and Baker, A.: Dating stalagmites in mediterranean climates using annual trace element cycles, Sci. Rep., 7, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00474-4, 2017.
Nehme, C., Kluge, T., Verheyden, S., Nader, F., Charalambidou, I., Weissbach, T., Gucel, S., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Satterfield, L., Eiche, E., and Claeys, P.: Speleothem record from Pentadactylos cave (Cyprus): new insights into climatic variations during MIS 6 and MIS 5 in the Eastern Mediterranean, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 250, 106663, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106663, 2020.
Nehme, C., Verheyden, S., Kluge, T., Nader, F. H., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Eiche, E., and Claeys, P.: Climate variability in the northern Levant from the highly resolved Qadisha record (Lebanon) during the Holocene optimum, Quaternary Res., 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.24, 2023.
Novello, V. F., Vuille, M., Cruz, F. W., Stríkis, N. M., Paula, M. S. D., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Karmann, I., Jaqueto, P. F., Trindade, R. I. F., Hartmann, G. A., and Moquet, J. S.: Centennial-scale solar forcing of the South American Monsoon System recorded in stalagmites, Sci. Rep., 6, 24762, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24762, 2016.
Novello, V. F., Cruz, F. W., Vuille, M., Stríkis, N. M., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Emerick, S., de Paula, M. S., Li, X., Barreto, E. de S., Karmann, I., and Santos, R. V.: A high-resolution history of the South American Monsoon from Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene, Sci. Rep., 7, 44267, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44267, 2017.
Novello, V. F., Cruz, F. W., Moquet, J. S., Vuille, M., de Paula, M. S., Nunes, D., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Karmann, I., Utida, G., Stríkis, N. M., and Campos, J. L. P. S.: Two Millennia of South Atlantic Convergence Zone Variability Reconstructed From Isotopic Proxies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 5045–5051, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017GL076838, 2018.
Novello, V. F., Cruz, F. W., McGlue, M. M., Wong, C. I., Ward, B. M., Vuille, M., Santos, R. A., Jaqueto, P., Pessenda, L. C. R., Atorre, T., Ribeiro, L. M. A. L., Karmann, I., Barreto, E. S., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Paula, M. S., and Scholz, D.: Vegetation and environmental changes in tropical South America from the last glacial to the Holocene documented by multiple cave sediment proxies, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 524, 115717, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115717, 2019.
Novello, V. F., William da Cruz, F., Vuille, M., Pereira Silveira Campos, J. L., Stríkis, N. M., Apaéstegui, J., Moquet, J. S., Azevedo, V., Ampuero, A., Utida, G., Wang, X., Paula-Santos, G. M., Jaqueto, P., Ruiz Pessenda, L. C., Breecker, D. O., and Karmann, I.: Investigating δ13C values in stalagmites from tropical South America for the last two millennia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 255, 106822, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106822, 2021.
Oster, J. L., Warken, S. F., Sekhon, N., Arienzo, M. M., and Lachniet, M.: Speleothem Paleoclimatology for the Caribbean, Central America, and North America, Quaternary, 2, 5, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat2010005, 2019.
Oster, J. L., Weisman, I. E., and Sharp, W. D.: Multi-proxy stalagmite records from northern California reveal dynamic patterns of regional hydroclimate over the last glacial cycle, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 241, 106411, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106411, 2020.
Owen, R. A., Day, C. C., Hu, C., Liu, Y., Pointing, M. D., Blättler, C. L., and Henderson, G. M.: Calcium isotopes in caves as a proxy for aridity: Modern calibration and application to the 8.2 kyr event, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 443, 129–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.03.027, 2016.
Parker, S. E. and Harrison, S. P.: The timing, duration and magnitude of the 8.2 ka event in global speleothem records, Sci. Rep., 12, 10542, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14684-y, 2022.
Parker, S. E., Harrison, S. P., and Braconnot, P.: Speleothem records of monsoon interannual-interdecadal variability through the Holocene, Environ. Res. Commun., 3, 121002, https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac3eaa, 2021a.
Parker, S. E., Harrison, S. P., Comas-Bru, L., Kaushal, N., LeGrande, A. N., and Werner, M.: A data–model approach to interpreting speleothem oxygen isotope records from monsoon regions, Clim. Past, 17, 1119–1138, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1119-2021, 2021b.
Pérez-Mejías, C., Moreno, A., Sancho, C., Martín-García, R., Spötl, C., Cacho, I., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Orbital-to-millennial scale climate variability during Marine Isotope Stages 5 to 3 in northeast Iberia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 224, 105946, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105946, 2019.
Pérez-Mejías, C., Moreno, A., Bernal-Wormull, J., Cacho, I., Osácar, M. C., Edwards, R. L., and Cheng, H.: Oldest Dryas hydroclimate reorganization in the eastern Iberian Peninsula after the iceberg discharges of Heinrich Event 1, Quaternary Res., 101, 67–83, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.112, 2021.
Priestley, S. C., Treble, P. C., Griffiths, A. D., Baker, A., Abram, N. J., and Meredith, K. T.: Caves demonstrate decrease in rainfall recharge of southwest Australian groundwater is unprecedented for the last 800 years, Commun. Earth Environ., 4, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00858-7, 2023.
Rehfeld, K. and Bühler, J.: Age-depth model ensembles for SISAL v3 speleothem records, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10726619, 2024.
Riechelmann, D. F. C., Fohlmeister, J., Kluge, T., Jochum, K. P., Richter, D. K., Deininger, M., Friedrich, R., Frank, N., and Scholz, D.: Evaluating the potential of tree-ring methodology for cross-dating of three annually laminated stalagmites from Zoolithencave (SE Germany), Quaternary Geochronology, 52, 37–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2019.04.001, 2019.
Riechelmann, D. F. C., Riechelmann, S., Wassenburg, J. A., Fohlmeister, J., Schöne, B. R., Jochum, K. P., Richter, D. K., and Scholz, D.: High-Resolution Proxy Records From Two Simultaneously Grown Stalagmites From Zoolithencave (Southeastern Germany) and their Potential for Palaeoclimate Reconstruction, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 21, e2019GC008755, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008755, 2020.
Roberts, M. S., Smart, P. L., and Baker, A.: Annual trace element variations in a Holocene speleothem, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 154, 237–246, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(97)00116-7, 1998.
Roesch, C. and Rehfeld, K.: SISAL.AM, GitHub [code], https://github.com/paleovar/SISAL.AM (last access: 8 March 2024), 2020.
Ros, A. and Llamusí, J. L.: Reconstrucción y génesis del karst de Cueva Victoria, Mastia: Revista del Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Cartagena, 111–125, 2012.
Rowe, P. J., Wickens, L. B., Sahy, D., Marca, A. D., Peckover, E., Noble, S., Özkul, M., Baykara, M. O., Millar, I. L., and Andrews, J. E.: Multi-proxy speleothem record of climate instability during the early last interglacial in southern Turkey, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 538, 109422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109422, 2020.
Rutlidge, H., Baker, A., Marjo, C. E., Andersen, M. S., Graham, P. W., Cuthbert, M. O., Rau, G. C., Roshan, H., Markowska, M., Mariethoz, G., and Jex, C. N.: Dripwater organic matter and trace element geochemistry in a semi-arid karst environment: Implications for speleothem paleoclimatology, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 135, 217–230, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.036, 2014.
Scroxton, N., Walczak, M., Markowska, M., Zhao, J., and Fallon, S.: Historical droughts in Southeast Australia recorded in a New South Wales stalagmite, The Holocene, 31, 607–617, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620981717, 2021.
Serrato Marks, G., Medina-Elizalde, M., Burns, S., Weldeab, S., Lases-Hernandez, F., Cazares, G., and McGee, D.: Evidence for Decreased Precipitation Variability in the Yucatán Peninsula During the Mid-Holocene, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 36, e2021PA004219, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004219, 2021.
Sha, L., Ait Brahim, Y., Wassenburg, J. A., Yin, J., Peros, M., Cruz, F. W., Cai, Y., Li, H., Du, W., Zhang, H., Edwards, R. L., and Cheng, H.: How Far North Did the African Monsoon Fringe Expand During the African Humid Period? Insights From Southwest Moroccan Speleothems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 14093–14102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084879, 2019.
Sha, L., Brahim, Y. A., Wassenburg, J. A., Yin, J., Lu, J., Cruz, F. W., Cai, Y., Edwards, R. L., and Cheng, H.: The “Hockey Stick” Imprint in Northwest African Speleothems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL094232, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094232, 2021.
Sinha, A., Kathayat, G., Cheng, H., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Berkelhammer, M., Mudelsee, M., Biswas, J., and Edwards, R. L.: Trends and oscillations in the Indian summer monsoon rainfall over the last two millennia, Nat. Commun., 6, 6309, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7309, 2015.
Sinha, A., Kathayat, G., Weiss, H., Li, H., Cheng, H., Reuter, J., Schneider, A. W., Berkelhammer, M., Adalı, S. F., Stott, L. D., and Edwards, R. L.: Role of climate in the rise and fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Sci. Adv., 5, eaax6656, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax6656, 2019.
Skiba, V.: SISALv3 trace element downsampling code, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8234066, 2023.
Skiba, V. and Fohlmeister, J.: Contemporaneously growing speleothems and their value to decipher in-cave processes – A modelling approach, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 348, 381–396, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.03.016, 2023.
Skiba, V., Jouvet, G., Marwan, N., Spötl, C., and Fohlmeister, J.: Speleothem growth and stable carbon isotopes as proxies of the presence and thermodynamical state of glaciers compared to modelled glacier evolution in the Alps, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 322, 108403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108403, 2023.
Stoll, H., Mendez-Vicente, A., Gonzalez-Lemos, S., Moreno, A., Cacho, I., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Interpretation of orbital scale variability in mid-latitude speleothem d18O: Significance of growth rate controlled kinetic fractionation effects, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 127, 215–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.08.025, 2015.
Stoll, H. M., Cacho, I., Gasson, E., Sliwinski, J., Kost, O., Moreno, A., Iglesias, M., Torner, J., Perez-Mejias, C., Haghipour, N., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Rapid northern hemisphere ice sheet melting during the penultimate deglaciation, Nat. Commun., 13, 3819, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31619-3, 2022.
Stoll, H. M., Day, C., Lechleitner, F., Kost, O., Endres, L., Sliwinski, J., Pérez-Mejías, C., Cheng, H., and Scholz, D.: Distinguishing the combined vegetation and soil component of δ13C variation in speleothem records from subsequent degassing and prior calcite precipitation effects, Clim. Past, 19, 2423–2444, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2423-2023, 2023.
Stríkis, N. M., Cruz, F. W., Barreto, E. A. S., Naughton, F., Vuille, M., Cheng, H., Voelker, A. H. L., Zhang, H., Karmann, I., Edwards, R. L., Auler, A. S., Santos, R. V., and Sales, H. R.: South American monsoon response to iceberg discharge in the North Atlantic, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 3788–3793, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717784115, 2018.
Surić, M., Columbu, A., Lončarić, R., Bajo, P., Bočić, N., Lončar, N., Drysdale, R. N., and Hellstrom, J. C.: Holocene hydroclimate changes in continental Croatia recorded in speleothem δ13C and δ18O from Nova Grgosova Cave, The Holocene, 31, 1401–1416, https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836211019120, 2021a.
Surić, M., Bajo, P., Lončarić, R., Lončar, N., Drysdale, R. N., Hellstrom, J. C., and Hua, Q.: Speleothem Records of the Hydroclimate Variability throughout the Last Glacial Cycle from Manita peć Cave (Velebit Mountain, Croatia), Geosciences, 11, 347, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11080347, 2021b.
Tadros, C. V., Treble, P. C., Baker, A., Fairchild, I., Hankin, S., Roach, R., Markowska, M., and McDonald, J.: ENSO–cave drip water hydrochemical relationship: a 7-year dataset from south-eastern Australia, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4625–4640, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4625-2016, 2016.
Tadros, C. V., Markowska, M., Treble, P. C., Baker, A., Frisia, S., Adler, L., and Drysdale, R. N.: Recharge variability in Australia's southeast alpine region derived from cave monitoring and modern stalagmite δ18O records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 295, 107742, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107742, 2022.
Tan, L., Li, Y., Wang, X., Cai, Y., Lin, F., Cheng, H., Ma, L., Sinha, A., and Edwards, R. L.: Holocene Monsoon Change and Abrupt Events on the Western Chinese Loess Plateau as Revealed by Accurately Dated Stalagmites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL090273, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090273, 2020a.
Tan, L., Liu, W., Wang, T., Cheng, P., Zang, J., Wang, X., Ma, L., Li, D., Lan, J., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Xu, H., Ai, L., Gao, Y., and Cai, Y.: A multiple-proxy stalagmite record reveals historical deforestation in central Shandong, northern China, Sci. China Earth Sci., 63, 1622–1632, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-019-9649-1, 2020b.
Tan, L., Dong, G., An, Z., Lawrence Edwards, R., Li, H., Li, D., Spengler, R., Cai, Y., Cheng, H., Lan, J., Orozbaev, R., Liu, R., Chen, J., Xu, H., and Chen, F.: Megadrought and cultural exchange along the proto-silk road, Sci. Bull., 66, 603–611, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.10.011, 2021.
Torner, J., Cacho, I., Moreno, A., Sierro, F. J., Martrat, B., Rodriguez-Lazaro, J., Frigola, J., Arnau, P., Belmonte, Á., Hellstrom, J., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Stoll, H.: Ocean-atmosphere interconnections from the last interglacial to the early glacial: An integration of marine and cave records in the Iberian region, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 226, 106037, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106037, 2019.
Treble, P., Shelley, J. M. G., and Chappell, J.: Comparison of high resolution sub-annual records of trace elements in a modern (1911-1992) speleothem with instrumental climate data from southwest Australia, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 216, 141–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00504-1, 2003.
Treble, P. C., Baker, A., Abram, N. J., Hellstrom, J. C., Crawford, J., Gagan, M. K., Borsato, A., Griffiths, A. D., Bajo, P., Markowska, M., Priestley, S. C., Hankin, S., and Paterson, D.: Ubiquitous karst hydrological control on speleothem oxygen isotope variability in a global study, Commun. Earth Environ., 3, 29, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00347-3, 2022.
Tremaine, D. M. and Froelich, P. N.: Speleothem trace element signatures: A hydrologic geochemical study of modern cave dripwaters and farmed calcite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 121, 522–545, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.026, 2013.
Ünal-İmer, E., Shulmeister, J., Zhao, J.-X., Tonguç Uysal, I., Feng, Y.-X., Duc Nguyen, A., and Yüce, G.: An 80 kyr-long continuous speleothem record from Dim Cave, SW Turkey with paleoclimatic implications for the Eastern Mediterranean, Sci. Rep., 5, 13560, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13560, 2015.
Ünal-İmer, E., Shulmeister, J., Zhao, J.-X., Uysal, I. T., and Feng, Y.-X.: High-resolution trace element and stable/radiogenic isotope profiles of late Pleistocene to Holocene speleothems from Dim Cave, SW Turkey, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 452, 68–79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.04.015, 2016.
Utida, G., Cruz, F. W., Santos, R. V., Sawakuchi, A. O., Wang, H., Pessenda, L. C. R., Novello, V. F., Vuille, M., Strauss, A. M., Borella, A. C., Stríkis, N. M., Guedes, C. C. F., Dias De Andrade, F. R., Zhang, H., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Climate changes in Northeastern Brazil from deglacial to Meghalayan periods and related environmental impacts, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 250, 106655, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106655, 2020.
Verheyden, S., Keppens, E., Fairchild, I. J., McDermott, F., and Weis, D.: Mg, Sr and Sr isotope geochemistry of a Belgian Holocene speleothem: Implications for paleoclimate reconstructions, Chem. Geol., 169, 131–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00299-0, 2000.
Wainer, K., Genty, D., Blamart, D., Daëron, M., Bar-Matthews, M., Vonhof, H., Dublyansky, Y., Pons-Branchu, E., Thomas, L., van Calsteren, P., Quinif, Y., and Caillon, N.: Speleothem record of the last 180 ka in Villars cave (SW France): Investigation of a large δ18O shift between MIS6 and MIS5, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 130–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.07.004, 2011.
Waltgenbach, S., Scholz, D., Spötl, C., Riechelmann, D. F. C., Jochum, K. P., Fohlmeister, J., and Schröder-Ritzrau, A.: Climate and structure of the 8.2 ka event reconstructed from three speleothems from Germany, Global Planet. Change, 193, 103266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103266, 2020.
Waltgenbach, S., Riechelmann, D. F. C., Spötl, C., Jochum, K. P., Fohlmeister, J., Schröder-Ritzrau, A., and Scholz, D.: Climate Variability in Central Europe during the Last 2500 Years Reconstructed from Four High-Resolution Multi-Proxy Speleothem Records, Geosciences, 11, 166, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11040166, 2021.
Wang, Y. J., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., An, Z. S., Wu, J. Y., Shen, C. C., and Dorale, J. A.: A high-resolution absolute-dated late Pleistocene Monsoon record from Hulu Cave, China., Science (New York, N.Y.), 294, 2345–2348, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064618, 2001.
Ward, B. M., Wong, C. I., Novello, V. F., McGee, D., Santos, R. V., Silva, L. C. R., Cruz, F. W., Wang, X., Edwards, R. L., and Cheng, H.: Reconstruction of Holocene coupling between the South American Monsoon System and local moisture variability from speleothem δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 210, 51–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.02.019, 2019.
Warken, S. F., Fohlmeister, J., Schröder-Ritzrau, A., Constantin, S., Spötl, C., Gerdes, A., Esper, J., Frank, N., Arps, J., Terente, M., Riechelmann, D. F. C., Mangini, A., and Scholz, D.: Reconstruction of late Holocene autumn/winter precipitation variability in SW Romania from a high-resolution speleothem trace element record, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 499, 122–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.027, 2018.
Warken, S. F., Vieten, R., Winter, A., Spötl, C., Miller, T. E., Jochum, K. P., Schröder-Ritzrau, A., Mangini, A., and Scholz, D.: Persistent Link Between Caribbean Precipitation and Atlantic Ocean Circulation During the Last Glacial Revealed by a Speleothem Record From Puerto Rico, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 35, e2020PA003944, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA003944, 2020.
Warken, S. F., Schorndorf, N., Stinnesbeck, W., Hennhoefer, D., Stinnesbeck, S. R., Förstel, J., Steidle, S. D., Avilés Olguin, J., and Frank, N.: Solar forcing of early Holocene droughts on the Yucatán peninsula, Sci. Rep., 11, 13885, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93417-z, 2021.
Wassenburg, J. A., Scholz, D., Jochum, K. P., Cheng, H., Oster, J., Immenhauser, A., Richter, D. K., Häger, T., Jamieson, R. A., Baldini, J. U. L., Hoffmann, D., and Breitenbach, S. F. M.: Determination of aragonite trace element distribution coefficients from speleothem calcite–aragonite transitions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 190, 347–367, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.036, 2016.
Wassenburg, J. A., Vonhof, H. B., Cheng, H., Martínez-García, A., Ebner, P.-R., Li, X., Zhang, H., Sha, L., Tian, Y., Edwards, R. L., Fiebig, J., and Haug, G. H.: Penultimate deglaciation Asian monsoon response to North Atlantic circulation collapse, Nat. Geosci., 14, 937–941, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00851-9, 2021.
Weber, M., Scholz, D., Schröder-Ritzrau, A., Deininger, M., Spötl, C., Lugli, F., Mertz-Kraus, R., Jochum, K. P., Fohlmeister, J., Stumpf, C. F., and Riechelmann, D. F. C.: Evidence of warm and humid interstadials in central Europe during early MIS 3 revealed by a multi-proxy speleothem record, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 200, 276–286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.045, 2018.
Weber, M., Hinz, Y., Schöne, B. R., Jochum, K. P., Hoffmann, D., Spötl, C., Riechelmann, D. F. C., and Scholz, D.: Opposite Trends in Holocene Speleothem Proxy Records From Two Neighboring Caves in Germany: A Multi-Proxy Evaluation, Front. Earth Sci., 9, 642651, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.642651, 2021.
Welte, C., Fohlmeister, J., Wertnik, M., Wacker, L., Hattendorf, B., Eglinton, T. I., and Spötl, C.: Climatic variations during the Holocene inferred from radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopes in speleothems from a high-alpine cave, Clim. Past, 17, 2165–2177, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2165-2021, 2021.
Wendt, K. A., Häuselmann, A. D., Fleitmann, D., Berry, A. E., Wang, X., Auler, A. S., Cheng, H., and Edwards, R. L.: Three-phased Heinrich Stadial 4 recorded in NE Brazil stalagmites, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 510, 94–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.025, 2019.
Wendt, K. A., Li, X., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., and Spötl, C.: Precise timing of MIS 7 substages from the Austrian Alps, Clim. Past, 17, 1443–1454, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1443-2021, 2021.
Wilcox, P. S., Honiat, C., Trüssel, M., Edwards, R. L., and Spötl, C.: Exceptional warmth and climate instability occurred in the European Alps during the Last Interglacial period, Commun. Earth Environ., 1, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00063-w, 2020.
Winter, A., Zanchettin, D., Lachniet, M., Vieten, R., Pausata, F. S. R., Ljungqvist, F. C., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Miller, T., Rubinetti, S., Rubino, A., and Taricco, C.: Initiation of a stable convective hydroclimatic regime in Central America circa 9000 years BP, Nat. Commun., 11, 716, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14490-y, 2020.
Wolf, A., Baker, J. L., Tjallingii, R., Cai, Y., Osinzev, A., Antonosyan, M., Amano, N., Johnson, K. R., Skiba, V., McCormack, J., Kwiecien, O., Chervyatsova, O. Y., Dublyansky, Y. V., Dbar, R. S., Cheng, H., and Breitenbach, S. F. M.: Western Caucasus regional hydroclimate controlled by cold-season temperature variability since the Last Glacial Maximum, Commun. Earth Environ., 5, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01151-3, 2024.
Wong, C. I. and Breecker, D. O.: Advancements in the use of speleothems as climate archives, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 127, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.019, 2015.
Wortham, B. E., Wong, C. I., Silva, L. C. R., McGee, D., Montañez, I. P., Troy Rasbury, E., Cooper, K. M., Sharp, W. D., Glessner, J. J. G., and Santos, R. V.: Assessing response of local moisture conditions in central Brazil to variability in regional monsoon intensity using speleothem
Wright, K. T., Johnson, K. R., Bhattacharya, T., Marks, G. S., McGee, D., Elsbury, D., Peings, Y., Lacaille-Muzquiz, J., Lum, G., Beramendi-Orosco, L., and Magnusdottir, G.: Precipitation in Northeast Mexico Primarily Controlled by the Relative Warming of Atlantic SSTs, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL098186, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098186, 2022.
Wu, Y., Li, T.-Y., Yu, T.-L., Shen, C.-C., Chen, C.-J., Zhang, J., Li, J.-Y., Wang, T., Huang, R., and Xiao, S.-Y.: Variation of the Asian summer monsoon since the last glacial-interglacial recorded in a stalagmite from southwest China, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 234, 106261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106261, 2020.
Yang, X., Yang, H., Wang, B., Huang, L.-J., Shen, C.-C., Edwards, R. L., and Cheng, H.: Early-Holocene monsoon instability and climatic optimum recorded by Chinese stalagmites, The Holocene, 29, 1059–1067, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619831433, 2019.
Zhang, H., Ait Brahim, Y., Li, H., Zhao, J., Kathayat, G., Tian, Y., Baker, J., Wang, J., Zhang, F., Ning, Y., Edwards, R. L., and Cheng, H.: The Asian Summer Monsoon: Teleconnections and Forcing Mechanisms – A Review from Chinese Speleothem δ18O Records, Quaternary, 2, 26, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat2030026, 2019.
Zhang, H., Cheng, H., Sinha, A., Spötl, C., Cai, Y., Liu, B., Kathayat, G., Li, H., Tian, Y., Li, Y., Zhao, J., Sha, L., Lu, J., Meng, B., Niu, X., Dong, X., Liang, Z., Zong, B., Ning, Y., Lan, J., and Edwards, R. L.: Collapse of the Liangzhu and other Neolithic cultures in the lower Yangtze region in response to climate change, Sci. Adv., 7, eabi9275, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi9275, 2021a.
Zhang, H., Cheng, H., Spötl, C., Zhang, X., Cruz, F. W., Sinha, A., Auler, A. S., Stríkis, N. M., Wang, X., Kathayat, G., Li, X., Li, H., Pérez-Mejías, C., Cai, Y., Ning, Y., and Edwards, R. L.: Gradual South-North Climate Transition in the Atlantic Realm Within the Younger Dryas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL092620, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092620, 2021b.
Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Cai, Y., Sinha, A., Spötl, C., Baker, J., Kathayat, G., Liu, Z., Tian, Y., Lu, J., Wang, Z., Zhao, J., Jia, X., Du, W., Ning, Y., An, Z., Edwards, R. L., and Cheng, H.: A data-model comparison pinpoints Holocene spatiotemporal pattern of East Asian summer monsoon, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 261, 106911, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106911, 2021c.
Zhao, J., Cheng, H., Yang, Y., Liu, W., Zhang, H., Li, X., Li, H., Ait-Brahim, Y., Pérez-Mejías, C., and Qu, X.: Role of the Summer Monsoon Variability in the Collapse of the Ming Dynasty: Evidences From Speleothem Records, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL093071, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093071, 2021.
Zhao, K., Wang, Y., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Kong, X., Liu, D., Shao, Q., Cui, Y., Huang, C., Ning, Y., and Yang, X.: Late Holocene monsoon precipitation changes in southern China and their linkage to Northern Hemisphere temperature, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 232, 106191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106191, 2020.
Short summary
Speleothems are a popular, multi-proxy climate archive that provide regional to global insights into past hydroclimate trends with precise chronologies. We present an update to the SISAL (Speleothem Isotopes
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Speleothems are a popular, multi-proxy climate archive that provide regional to global insights...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint