Articles | Volume 13, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1681-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1681-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Carbon emissions and removals from forests: new estimates, 1990–2020
Francesco N. Tubiello
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Statistics Division, FAO, Rome, 00153, Italy
Giulia Conchedda
Statistics Division, FAO, Rome, 00153, Italy
Nathan Wanner
Statistics Division, FAO, Rome, 00153, Italy
Sandro Federici
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, IGES, Hayama,
240-0112, Japan
Simone Rossi
European Commission Joint Research Centre, EC JRC, Ispra, 21027, Italy
Giacomo Grassi
European Commission Joint Research Centre, EC JRC, Ispra, 21027, Italy
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80 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Past decade above-ground biomass change comparisons from four multi-temporal global maps A. Araza et al.
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80 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Altered growth conditions more than reforestation counteracted forest biomass carbon emissions 1990–2020 J. Le Noë et al.
- Country-level estimates of gross and net carbon fluxes from land use, land-use change and forestry W. Obermeier et al.
- Greenhouse gas emissions from food systems: building the evidence base F. Tubiello et al.
- Contribution of land use and cover change (LUCC) to the global terrestrial carbon uptake H. Feng et al.
- An Overview of the Role of Forests in Climate Change Mitigation K. Psistaki et al.
- Mind the gap: reconciling tropical forest carbon flux estimates from earth observation and national reporting requires transparency V. Heinrich et al.
- Scoping review of carbon pricing systems in forest sector models T. Honkomp & F. Schier
- Revealing the network structure characteristics and driving factors of carbon-emission spillovers in the greater bay area of China: a coupled multi-scenario analytical framework Z. Li & J. Tan
- Uncertainties in carbon emissions from land use and land cover change in Indonesia I. Brasika et al.
- The Impact of Unregulated Utilization of Quercus aegilops on the Amount of O₂ and CO₂ in Zawita District During 2024. H. Abdi et al.
- Effective Mainstreaming of Agricultural Emissions into Climate Action Agenda: The Case of Institutions and Smallholder Dairy Production Systems, Western Kenya T. Volenzo Elijah et al.
- A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional, and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019 J. Minx et al.
- Global Carbon Budget 2021 P. Friedlingstein et al.
- Making food transport data matter F. Tubiello et al.
- Differences and uncertainties in land-use CO2 flux estimates W. Obermeier et al.
- Renewable Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions—Testing Nonlinearity for Highly Carbon Emitting Countries S. Salem et al.
- Modeling neighborhood association decay effects improves forest stock volume estimation using UAV lidar and optical data Z. Qin et al.
- Impacts of forest plantation programs on sectoral CO2 emissions regionally in New Zealand S. Solaymani & A. Dunningham
- Forest tree breeding under the global environmental change: Challenges and opportunities C. Li et al.
- On the use of Earth Observation to support estimates of national greenhouse gas emissions and sinks for the Global stocktake process: lessons learned from ESA-CCI RECCAP2 A. Bastos et al.
- The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2018 A. Petrescu et al.
- Carbon module: An open-source python package for global forest carbon accounting T. Honkomp
- Estimating vegetation structure and aboveground carbon storage in Western Australia using GEDI LiDAR, Landsat and Sentinel data N. Lutz et al.
- Spatiotemporal pattern of carbon productivity and carbon offset potential in Chinese counties Q. He et al.
- Global impacts of land use on terrestrial carbon emissions since 1850 X. Yuan et al.
- Bottom‐Up Evaluation of the Methane Budget in Asia and Its Subregions A. Ito et al.
- The impact of agriculture in Visegrad countries on CO2 emissions using the FMOLS and DOLS methods in an empirical panel data study B. Suproń
- State of the art in remote sensing monitoring of carbon dynamics in African tropical forests T. Bossy et al.
- Uncovering drivers and mitigation synergies of global paddy CH4 and N2O emissions using a Bayesian Belief Network Z. Tang et al.
- Mapping vegetation loss and associated carbon emission estimates in cocoa landscapes of Côte d’Ivoire: Spatial insights for sustainable interventions D. Aja et al.
- European Forest Governance: Status Quo and Optimising Options with Regard to the Paris Climate Target J. Stubenrauch et al.
- Food system emissions: a review of trends, drivers, and policy approaches, 1990–2018 N. Cerutti et al.
- Methanotrophy: A Biological Method to Mitigate Global Methane Emission A. Rani et al.
- Decoupling analysis to assess the impact of land use patterns on carbon emissions: A case study in the Yellow River Delta efficient eco-economic zone, China Q. Wang et al.
- Annual emissions of carbon from land use, land-use change, and forestry from 1850 to 2020 R. Houghton & A. Castanho
- Effect of adaptive management practices on carbon footprint of sugarcane in the agroecological landscape of Bihar, India B. Kudi et al.
- Reduced ligninase‐cellulase ratio enhances soil carbon sequestration following afforestation of agricultural land S. Wen et al.
- Viewpoint: Rigorous monitoring is necessary to guide food system transformation in the countdown to the 2030 global goals J. Fanzo et al.
- Pre- and post-production processes increasingly dominate greenhouse gas emissions from agri-food systems F. Tubiello et al.
- From carbon sink to carbon source: evaluating Portuguese forest carbon dynamics under improved accounting methodologies L. Tesch et al.
- Measuring the world’s cropland area F. Tubiello et al.
- Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality F. Wang et al.
- Carbon pools in forest systems and new estimation based on an investigation of carbon sequestration B. Wang et al.
- Robotics-assisted, organic agricultural-biotechnology based environment-friendly healthy food option: Beyond the binary of GM versus Organic crops A. Husaini & M. Sohail
- Deep point cloud regression for above-ground forest biomass estimation from airborne LiDAR S. Oehmcke et al.
- Environment-induced growth changes in forests of Finland revisited - a follow-up using an extended data set from the 1960s to the 2020s H. Henttonen et al.
- Assessment of forest cover dynamics for the detection of deforestation in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region using geospatial and machine learning approaches L. Gupta et al.
- Effects of Various Herbicide Types and Doses, Tillage Systems, and Nitrogen Rates on CO2 Emissions from Agricultural Land: A Literature Review Z. Hashim et al.
- Can Investment in Forestry Resource Management Reduce Haze Pollution and Carbon Emissions? Evidence from China Z. Deng et al.
- Interactions of forest carbon sink and climate change in the hormesis paradigm E. Erofeeva
- Recent gains in global terrestrial carbon stocks are mostly stored in nonliving pools Y. Bar-On et al.
- Dynamics and future projections of Indian forest carbon stocks under different emission pathways using CMIP6 and LPJ-GUESS F. Fitha et al.
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- Spatial Effects of Implicit Land Use Transition on Land Use Carbon Emissions: A Spatial Econometric Analysis at the County Level in Hebei Province, China W. Zhang et al.
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- Enhancing forest ecosystem simulation in the TASC model through the integration of the DAYCENT forest model S. Dangol et al.
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- Assessing carbon emission reductions and removals in Vavuniya District, Sri Lanka: REDD+ project contributions to sustainability S. Vijitharan et al.
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- The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2020 M. McGrath et al.
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- Past decade above-ground biomass change comparisons from four multi-temporal global maps A. Araza et al.
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- Integrating Urban Tree Carbon Sequestration into Metropolitan Ecosystem Services for Climate-Neutral Cities: A Citizen Science-Based Methodology J. Mazon
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 18 May 2026
Short summary
This paper presents the first estimates of forest carbon fluxes (1990–2020) based on the new Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) 2020. We document for the first time in the literature forest carbon fluxes for the last decade 2011–2020. Results show that carbon losses from net forest conversion (3.1 billion tonnes of CO2) were counterbalanced by carbon gains on forest land (−3.3 billion tonnes of CO2), resulting in the world's forests acting overall as a small carbon sink in the past decade.
This paper presents the first estimates of forest carbon fluxes (1990–2020) based on the new...
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