Articles | Volume 11, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
26 Mar 2019
| 26 Mar 2019
Autonomous seawater pCO2 and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends
Adrienne J. Sutton
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Richard A. Feely
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Stacy Maenner-Jones
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Sylvia Musielwicz
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
John Osborne
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Colin Dietrich
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Natalie Monacci
Ocean Acidification Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
Jessica Cross
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Randy Bott
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Alex Kozyr
National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
Andreas J. Andersson
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
Nicholas R. Bates
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. Georges, Bermuda
Department of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Wei-Jun Cai
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy, Newark, Delaware, USA
Meghan F. Cronin
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Eric H. De Carlo
University of Hawai'i at Maānoa, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Burke Hales
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
Stephan D. Howden
Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, USA
Charity M. Lee
Ocean Policy Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Korea
Derek P. Manzello
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida, USA
Michael J. McPhaden
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Melissa Meléndez
Department of Earth Sciences and Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
Caribbean Coastal Ocean Observing System, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
John B. Mickett
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Jan A. Newton
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Scott E. Noakes
Center for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
Jae Hoon Noh
Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Korea
Solveig R. Olafsdottir
Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland
Joseph E. Salisbury
Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
Uwe Send
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
Thomas W. Trull
Climate Science Centre, Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Australia
Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, Australia
Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
Douglas C. Vandemark
Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
Robert A. Weller
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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- Hawaii Coastal Seawater CO2 Network: A Statistical Evaluation of a Decade of Observations on Tropical Coral Reefs G. Terlouw et al. 10.3389/fmars.2019.00226
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- Trends and drivers of CO2 parameters, from 2006 to 2021, at a time-series station in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic (6°S, 10°W) N. Lefèvre et al. 10.3389/fmars.2024.1299071
- Ecological and socioeconomic strategies to sustain Caribbean coral reefs in a high-CO2 world A. Andersson et al. 10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100677
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- Observed amplification of the seasonal CO2 cycle at the Southern Ocean Time Series E. Shadwick et al. 10.3389/fmars.2023.1281854
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- A seamless ensemble-based reconstruction of surface ocean pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes over the global coastal and open oceans T. Chau et al. 10.5194/bg-19-1087-2022
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- Amplified Subsurface Signals of Ocean Acidification A. Fassbender et al. 10.1029/2023GB007843
- Scaling and intermittent properties of oceanic and atmospheric pCO2 time series and their difference in a turbulence framework K. Robache et al. 10.5194/npg-32-35-2025
- Magnitude, Trends, and Variability of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink From 1985 to 2018 T. DeVries et al. 10.1029/2023GB007780
- CMEMS-LSCE: a global, 0.25°, monthly reconstruction of the surface ocean carbonate system T. Chau et al. 10.5194/essd-16-121-2024
- An Enhanced Ocean Acidification Observing Network: From People to Technology to Data Synthesis and Information Exchange B. Tilbrook et al. 10.3389/fmars.2019.00337
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the increase in ocean acidity extremes in the northeastern Pacific F. Desmet et al. 10.5194/bg-20-5151-2023
- An inter-comparison of autonomous in situ instruments for ocean CO2 measurements under laboratory-controlled conditions Q. Shangguan et al. 10.1016/j.marchem.2022.104085
- Surface pH Record (1990–2013) of the Arabian Sea From Boron Isotopes of Lakshadweep Corals—Trend, Variability, and Control M. Tarique et al. 10.1029/2020JG006122
- A monthly surface pCO2 product for the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem J. Sharp et al. 10.5194/essd-14-2081-2022
- Two new coastal time-series of seawater carbonate system variables in the NW Mediterranean Sea: rates and mechanisms controlling pH changes M. García-Ibáñez et al. 10.3389/fmars.2024.1348133
- Contrasting Controls of Acidification Metrics Across Environmental Gradients in the North Pacific and the Adjunct Arctic Ocean: Insight From a Transregional Study Y. Wu et al. 10.1029/2021GL094473
- Ecosystem Metabolism Modulates the Dynamics of Hypoxia and Acidification Across Temperate Coastal Habitat Types R. Wallace et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.611781
- Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018) S. Alin et al. 10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024
- An Overview of Ocean Climate Change Indicators: Sea Surface Temperature, Ocean Heat Content, Ocean pH, Dissolved Oxygen Concentration, Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Thickness and Volume, Sea Level and Strength of the AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) C. Garcia-Soto et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.642372
- Quantifying the Atmospheric CO2 Forcing Effect on Surface Ocean pCO2 in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre in the Past Two Decades S. Chen et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.636881
- Technical note: Stability of tris pH buffer in artificial seawater stored in bags W. Wolfe et al. 10.5194/os-17-819-2021
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Latest update: 13 Jul 2025
Short summary
Long-term observations are critical records for distinguishing natural cycles from climate change. We present a data set of 40 surface ocean CO2 and pH time series that suggests the time length necessary to detect a trend in seawater CO2 due to uptake of atmospheric CO2 varies from 8 years in the least variable ocean regions to 41 years in the most variable coastal regions. This data set provides a tool to evaluate natural cycles of ocean CO2, with long-term trends emerging as records lengthen.
Long-term observations are critical records for distinguishing natural cycles from climate...
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