Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-469-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-469-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A global space-based stratospheric aerosol climatology: 1979–2016
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
Nicholas Ernest
SSAI, Hampton, Virginia, USA
Luis Millán
NASA JPL, Pasadena, California, USA
Landon Rieger
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Adam Bourassa
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Jean-Paul Vernier
SSAI, Hampton, Virginia, USA
Gloria Manney
NorthWest Research Associates, Socorro, New Mexico, USA
Beiping Luo
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Florian Arfeuille
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Thomas Peter
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Viewed
Total article views: 7,992 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 19 Sep 2017)
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5,833 | 1,929 | 230 | 7,992 | 217 | 165 |
- HTML: 5,833
- PDF: 1,929
- XML: 230
- Total: 7,992
- BibTeX: 217
- EndNote: 165
Total article views: 7,124 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 12 Mar 2018)
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5,364 | 1,544 | 216 | 7,124 | 203 | 152 |
- HTML: 5,364
- PDF: 1,544
- XML: 216
- Total: 7,124
- BibTeX: 203
- EndNote: 152
Total article views: 868 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 19 Sep 2017)
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
469 | 385 | 14 | 868 | 14 | 13 |
- HTML: 469
- PDF: 385
- XML: 14
- Total: 868
- BibTeX: 14
- EndNote: 13
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 7,992 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 7,289 with geography defined
and 703 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 7,124 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 6,430 with geography defined
and 694 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 868 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 859 with geography defined
and 9 with unknown origin.
Country | # | Views | % |
---|
Country | # | Views | % |
---|
Country | # | Views | % |
---|
Total: | 0 |
HTML: | 0 |
PDF: | 0 |
XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Total: | 0 |
HTML: | 0 |
PDF: | 0 |
XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Total: | 0 |
HTML: | 0 |
PDF: | 0 |
XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
135 citations as recorded by crossref.
- WFDE5: bias-adjusted ERA5 reanalysis data for impact studies M. Cucchi et al. 10.5194/essd-12-2097-2020
- Co-emission of volcanic sulfur and halogens amplifies volcanic effective radiative forcing J. Staunton-Sykes et al. 10.5194/acp-21-9009-2021
- Multi-parameter dynamical diagnostics for upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric studies L. Millán et al. 10.5194/amt-16-2957-2023
- Quantitative comparison of measured and simulated O<sub>4</sub> absorptions for one day with extremely low aerosol load over the tropical Atlantic T. Wagner et al. 10.5194/amt-14-3871-2021
- Causes of the long-term variability of southwestern South America precipitation in the IPSL-CM6A-LR model J. Villamayor et al. 10.1007/s00382-021-05811-y
- The sensitivity of Southern Ocean aerosols and cloud microphysics to sea spray and sulfate aerosol production in the HadGEM3-GA7.1 chemistry–climate model L. Revell et al. 10.5194/acp-19-15447-2019
- Quantifying CanESM5 and EAMv1 sensitivities to Mt. Pinatubo volcanic forcing for the CMIP6 historical experiment L. Rieger et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-4831-2020
- Bipolar ice-core records constrain possible dates and global radiative forcing following the ∼74 ka Toba eruption J. Lin et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108162
- The significance of volcanic ash in Greenland ice cores during the Common Era G. Plunkett et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107936
- Observed Temperature Changes in the Troposphere and Stratosphere from 1979 to 2018 A. Steiner et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0998.1
- High Flux of Small Sulfate Aerosols During the 1970s Reconstructed From the SE‐Dome Ice Core in Greenland Y. Iizuka et al. 10.1029/2022JD036880
- Reconstructing volcanic radiative forcing since 1990, using a comprehensive emission inventory and spatially resolved sulfur injections from satellite data in a chemistry-climate model J. Schallock et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1169-2023
- Evaluating the simulated radiative forcings, aerosol properties, and stratospheric warmings from the 1963 Mt Agung, 1982 El Chichón, and 1991 Mt Pinatubo volcanic aerosol clouds S. Dhomse et al. 10.5194/acp-20-13627-2020
- Synergetic Aerosol Layer Observation After the 2015 Calbuco Volcanic Eruption Event F. J. S. Lopes et al. 10.3390/rs11020195
- Quantifying SAGE II (1984–2005) and SAGE III/ISS (2017–2022) observations of smoke in the stratosphere L. Thomason & T. Knepp 10.5194/acp-23-10361-2023
- The Diurnal Variation of the Aerosol Optical Depth at the ARM SGP Site K. Balmes et al. 10.1029/2021EA001852
- ACCESS datasets for CMIP6: methodology and idealised experiments C. Mackallah et al. 10.1071/ES21031
- Global Surface Temperature Response to 11-Yr Solar Cycle Forcing Consistent with General Circulation Model Results T. Amdur et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0312.1
- Implementation of U.K. Earth System Models for CMIP6 A. Sellar et al. 10.1029/2019MS001946
- Modulation of radiative aerosols effects by atmospheric circulation over the Euro-Mediterranean region P. Nabat et al. 10.5194/acp-20-8315-2020
- Long-term (1995–2018) aerosol optical depth derived using ground based AERONET and SKYNET measurements from aerosol aged-background sites S. Ningombam et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.10.008
- Realistic Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation Variability in Historical and Decadal Hindcast Simulations Using CMIP6 Forcing H. Pohlmann et al. 10.1029/2019GL084878
- The Recovery and Re-Calibration of a 13-Month Aerosol Extinction Profiles Dataset from Searchlight Observations from New Mexico, after the 1963 Agung Eruption J. Antuña-Marrero et al. 10.3390/atmos15060635
- How to reconstruct aerosol-induced diffuse radiation scenario for simulating GPP in land surface models? An evaluation of reconstruction methods with ORCHIDEE_DFv1.0_DFforc Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-2029-2021
- Reanalysis intercomparison of potential vorticity and potential-vorticity-based diagnostics L. Millán et al. 10.5194/acp-21-5355-2021
- Response of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation to Historical Volcanic Eruptions K. DallaSanta et al. 10.1029/2021GL095412
- Radiative Forcing of Climate: The Historical Evolution of the Radiative Forcing Concept, the Forcing Agents and their Quantification, and Applications V. Ramaswamy et al. 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-19-0001.1
- Aerosol–light interactions reduce the carbon budget imbalance M. O’Sullivan et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac3b77
- Structural changes in the shallow and transition branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation induced by El Niño M. Diallo et al. 10.5194/acp-19-425-2019
- The CNRM Global Atmosphere Model ARPEGE‐Climat 6.3: Description and Evaluation R. Roehrig et al. 10.1029/2020MS002075
- Representativeness of single lidar stations for zonally averaged ozone profiles, their trends and attribution to proxies C. Zerefos et al. 10.5194/acp-18-6427-2018
- Atmosphere–ocean–aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOLv4.0: description and evaluation T. Sukhodolov et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-5525-2021
- Molecular characterization of firework-related urban aerosols using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry Q. Xie et al. 10.5194/acp-20-6803-2020
- Inconsistencies between chemistry–climate models and observed lower stratospheric ozone trends since 1998 W. Ball et al. 10.5194/acp-20-9737-2020
- Relative Roles of Land and Ocean Cooling in Triggering an El Niño Following Tropical Volcanic Eruptions F. Liu et al. 10.1029/2022GL100609
- Variability and changes to the mean meridional circulation in isentropic coordinates C. Lucas et al. 10.1007/s00382-021-05903-9
- Stratospheric water vapour and ozone response to the quasi-biennial oscillation disruptions in 2016 and 2020 M. Diallo et al. 10.5194/acp-22-14303-2022
- GISS‐E2.1: Configurations and Climatology M. Kelley et al. 10.1029/2019MS002025
- Zonal Asymmetry of the QBO Temperature Signal in the Tropical Tropopause Region S. Tegtmeier et al. 10.1029/2020GL089533
- The Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model Version 2.0, MRI-ESM2.0: Description and Basic Evaluation of the Physical Component S. YUKIMOTO et al. 10.2151/jmsj.2019-051
- Stratospheric aerosol evolution after Pinatubo simulated with a coupled size-resolved aerosol–chemistry–climate model, SOCOL-AERv1.0 T. Sukhodolov et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-2633-2018
- A study of the approaches used to retrieve aerosol extinction, as applied to limb observations made by OSIRIS and SCIAMACHY L. Rieger et al. 10.5194/amt-11-3433-2018
- A Multiwavelength Retrieval Approach for Improved OSIRIS Aerosol Extinction Retrievals L. Rieger et al. 10.1029/2018JD029897
- Apportionment of the Pre‐Industrial to Present‐Day Climate Forcing by Methane Using UKESM1: The Role of the Cloud Radiative Effect F. O’Connor et al. 10.1029/2022MS002991
- A fully coupled solid-particle microphysics scheme for stratospheric aerosol injections within the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-7767-2024
- The Climate Response to the Mt. Pinatubo Eruption Does Not Constrain Climate Sensitivity A. Pauling et al. 10.1029/2023GL102946
- Future evolution of aerosols and implications for climate change in the Euro-Mediterranean region using the CNRM-ALADIN63 regional climate model T. Drugé et al. 10.5194/acp-21-7639-2021
- MISR Radiance Anomalies Induced by Stratospheric Volcanic Aerosols D. Wu et al. 10.3390/rs10121875
- Short- and long-term stratospheric impact of smoke from the 2019–2020 Australian wildfires J. Friberg et al. 10.5194/acp-23-12557-2023
- A New Volcanic Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Forcing Emulator (EVA_H): Comparison With Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Models T. Aubry et al. 10.1029/2019JD031303
- Origins and Spatial Distribution of Non-Pure Sulfate Particles (NSPs) in the Stratosphere Detected by the Balloon-Borne Light Optical Aerosols Counter (LOAC) J. Renard et al. 10.3390/atmos11101031
- Is the recovery of stratospheric O<sub>3</sub> speeding up in the Southern Hemisphere? An evaluation from the first IASI decadal record (2008–2017) C. Wespes et al. 10.5194/acp-19-14031-2019
- CREST: a Climate Data Record of Stratospheric Aerosols V. Sofieva et al. 10.5194/essd-16-5227-2024
- Polar stratospheric cloud climatology based on CALIPSO spaceborne lidar measurements from 2006 to 2017 M. Pitts et al. 10.5194/acp-18-10881-2018
- Evidence for the predictability of changes in the stratospheric aerosol size following volcanic eruptions of diverse magnitudes using space-based instruments L. Thomason et al. 10.5194/acp-21-1143-2021
- AEROSOL PARTICLES IN THE STRATOSPHERE: ORIGIN, COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES V. DANYLEVSKY & A. MOZGOVA 10.17721/BTSNUA.2023.68.51-56
- Historical (1850–2014) Aerosol Evolution and Role on Climate Forcing Using the GISS ModelE2.1 Contribution to CMIP6 S. Bauer et al. 10.1029/2019MS001978
- The historical ozone trends simulated with the SOCOLv4 and their comparison with observations and reanalyses A. Karagodin-Doyennel et al. 10.5194/acp-22-15333-2022
- Evaluation of the OMPS/LP stratospheric aerosol extinction product using SAGE III/ISS observations Z. Chen et al. 10.5194/amt-13-3471-2020
- The Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (version 2.0): 1979–2018 M. Kovilakam et al. 10.5194/essd-12-2607-2020
- Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Microphysics‐Chemistry Simulations of the 1991 Pinatubo Volcanic Aerosols With Newly Coupled Sectional Aerosol and Stratosphere‐Troposphere Chemistry Modules in the NASA GEOS Chemistry‐Climate Model (CCM) P. Case et al. 10.1029/2022MS003147
- Present‐Day and Historical Aerosol and Ozone Characteristics in CNRM CMIP6 Simulations M. Michou et al. 10.1029/2019MS001816
- CMIP5 Climate Models Overestimate Cooling by Volcanic Aerosols P. Chylek et al. 10.1029/2020GL087047
- Climate model projections from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) of CMIP6 C. Tebaldi et al. 10.5194/esd-12-253-2021
- NorCPM1 and its contribution to CMIP6 DCPP I. Bethke et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-7073-2021
- Evaluation of CMIP6 DECK Experiments With CNRM‐CM6‐1 A. Voldoire et al. 10.1029/2019MS001683
- The ALTIUS atmospheric limb sounder D. Fussen et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.06.021
- Comparison of CMIP6 historical climate simulations and future projected warming to an empirical model of global climate L. McBride et al. 10.5194/esd-12-545-2021
- Impact of initialization methods on the predictive skill in NorCPM: an Arctic–Atlantic case study L. Passos et al. 10.1007/s00382-022-06437-4
- Effects of forcing differences and initial conditions on inter-model agreement in the VolMIP volc-pinatubo-full experiment D. Zanchettin et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-2265-2022
- Evaluation of CNRM Earth System Model, CNRM‐ESM2‐1: Role of Earth System Processes in Present‐Day and Future Climate R. Séférian et al. 10.1029/2019MS001791
- An empirical characterization of the aerosol Ångström exponent interpolation bias using SAGE III/ISS data R. Damadeo et al. 10.5194/amt-17-3669-2024
- A New Instrument for Balloon‐Borne In Situ Aerosol Size Distribution Measurements, the Continuation of a 50 Year Record of Stratospheric Aerosols Measurements L. Kalnajs & T. Deshler 10.1029/2022JD037485
- Temperature and tropopause characteristics from reanalyses data in the tropical tropopause layer S. Tegtmeier et al. 10.5194/acp-20-753-2020
- Natural and anthropogenic contributions to the hurricane drought of the 1970s–1980s R. Rousseau-Rizzi & K. Emanuel 10.1038/s41467-022-32779-y
- Long-term (1999–2019) variability of stratospheric aerosol over Mauna Loa, Hawaii, as seen by two co-located lidars and satellite measurements F. Chouza et al. 10.5194/acp-20-6821-2020
- How Does a Pinatubo‐Size Volcanic Cloud Reach the Middle Stratosphere? G. Stenchikov et al. 10.1029/2020JD033829
- A multi-spectral polarimetric imager for atmospheric profiling of aerosol and thin cloud: Prototype design and sub-orbital performance M. Kozun et al. 10.1063/5.0016129
- Black carbon lofts wildfire smoke high into the stratosphere to form a persistent plume P. Yu et al. 10.1126/science.aax1748
- Impact of volcanic eruptions on CMIP6 decadal predictions: a multi-model analysis R. Bilbao et al. 10.5194/esd-15-501-2024
- Overview and update of the SPARC Data Initiative: comparison of stratospheric composition measurements from satellite limb sounders M. Hegglin et al. 10.5194/essd-13-1855-2021
- Volcanic effects on climate: recent advances and future avenues L. Marshall et al. 10.1007/s00445-022-01559-3
- New estimates of sulfate diffusion rates in the EPICA Dome C ice core R. Rhodes et al. 10.5194/cp-20-2031-2024
- Volcanic impact on the climate – the stratospheric aerosol load in the period 2006–2015 J. Friberg et al. 10.5194/acp-18-11149-2018
- Variability and trends of the tropical tropopause derived from a 1980–2021 multi-reanalysis assessment L. Zou et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1177502
- Importance of microphysical settings for climate forcing by stratospheric SO2 injections as modeled by SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-4181-2024
- Impact of present and future aircraft NOxand aerosol emissions on atmospheric composition and associated direct radiative forcing of climate E. Terrenoire et al. 10.5194/acp-22-11987-2022
- In situ measurements of perturbations to stratospheric aerosol and modeled ozone and radiative impacts following the 2021 La Soufrière eruption Y. Li et al. 10.5194/acp-23-15351-2023
- Recovery of the first ever multi-year lidar dataset of the stratospheric aerosol layer, from Lexington, MA, and Fairbanks, AK, January 1964 to July 1965 J. Antuña-Marrero et al. 10.5194/essd-13-4407-2021
- Numerical Modeling of the Natural and Manmade Factors Influencing Past and Current Changes in Polar, Mid-Latitude and Tropical Ozone S. Smyshlyaev et al. 10.3390/atmos11010076
- Climate change modulates the stratospheric volcanic sulfate aerosol lifecycle and radiative forcing from tropical eruptions T. Aubry et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-24943-7
- Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 A. Feinberg et al. 10.5194/gmd-12-3863-2019
- Trends and Variability in Stratospheric NOx Derived From Merged SAGE II and OSIRIS Satellite Observations K. Dubé et al. 10.1029/2019JD031798
- CALIPSO level 3 stratospheric aerosol profile product: version 1.00 algorithm description and initial assessment J. Kar et al. 10.5194/amt-12-6173-2019
- Global Carbon Budget 2022 P. Friedlingstein et al. 10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022
- The impact of ENSO and NAO initial conditions and anomalies on the modeled response to Pinatubo-sized volcanic forcing H. Weierbach et al. 10.5194/acp-23-15491-2023
- The 852/3 CE Mount Churchill eruption: examining the potential climatic and societal impacts and the timing of the Medieval Climate Anomaly in the North Atlantic region H. Mackay et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1475-2022
- Measurement report: Violent biomass burning and volcanic eruptions – a new period of elevated stratospheric aerosol over central Europe (2017 to 2023) in a long series of observations T. Trickl et al. 10.5194/acp-24-1997-2024
- OMPS LP Version 2.0 multi-wavelength aerosol extinction coefficient retrieval algorithm G. Taha et al. 10.5194/amt-14-1015-2021
- Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations Ø. Seland et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020
- Analysis of the global atmospheric background sulfur budget in a multi-model framework C. Brodowsky et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5513-2024
- Beijing Climate Center Earth System Model version 1 (BCC-ESM1): model description and evaluation of aerosol simulations T. Wu et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-977-2020
- Assessment of pre-industrial to present-day anthropogenic climate forcing in UKESM1 F. O'Connor et al. 10.5194/acp-21-1211-2021
- Systematic comparison of vectorial spherical radiative transfer models in limb scattering geometry D. Zawada et al. 10.5194/amt-14-3953-2021
- Variability and long-term changes in tropical cold-point temperature and water vapor M. Zolghadrshojaee et al. 10.5194/acp-24-7405-2024
- Tonga volcanic eruption triggered anomalous Arctic warming in early 2022 Y. Bao et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2023.102258
- Climate, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity of “Middle Atmosphere” Chemistry Configurations of the Community Earth System Model Version 2, Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (CESM2(WACCM6)) N. Davis et al. 10.1029/2022MS003579
- Quantifying Stratospheric Temperature Signals and Climate Imprints From Post‐2000 Volcanic Eruptions M. Stocker et al. 10.1029/2019GL084396
- Pyrocumulonimbus Events Over British Columbia in 2017: An Ensemble Model Study of Parameter Sensitivities and Climate Impacts of Wildfire Smoke in the Stratosphere H. Lee et al. 10.1029/2022JD037648
- Description and performance of a sectional aerosol microphysical model in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) S. Tilmes et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-6087-2023
- SAGE III/ISS aerosol/cloud categorization and its impact on GloSSAC M. Kovilakam et al. 10.5194/amt-16-2709-2023
- Comparison of Coincident Optical Particle Counter and Lidar Measurements of Polar Stratospheric Clouds Above McMurdo (77.85°S, 166.67°E) From 1994 to 1999 M. Snels et al. 10.1029/2020JD033572
- Volcanic Radiative Forcing From 1979 to 2015 A. Schmidt et al. 10.1029/2018JD028776
- Model evaluation of short-lived climate forcers for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme: a multi-species, multi-model study C. Whaley et al. 10.5194/acp-22-5775-2022
- Stratospheric ozone trends for 1985–2018: sensitivity to recent large variability W. Ball et al. 10.5194/acp-19-12731-2019
- Validating a microphysical prognostic stratospheric aerosol implementation in E3SMv2 using observations after the Mount Pinatubo eruption H. Brown et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-5087-2024
- The EC-Earth3 Earth system model for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 R. Döscher et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-2973-2022
- Using Climate Model Simulations to Constrain Observations B. Santer et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0768.1
- Atmospheric impacts of chlorinated very short-lived substances over the recent past – Part 1: Stratospheric chlorine budget and the role of transport E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-22-10657-2022
- Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO2 injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption I. Quaglia et al. 10.5194/acp-23-921-2023
- Modeling the Sulfate Aerosol Evolution After Recent Moderate Volcanic Activity, 2008–2012 C. Brodowsky et al. 10.1029/2021JD035472
- Impact of volcanic aerosol hemispheric symmetry on Sahel rainfall T. Jacobson et al. 10.1007/s00382-020-05347-7
- Description and evaluation of aerosol in UKESM1 and HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP6 historical simulations J. Mulcahy et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-6383-2020
- Exploring How Eruption Source Parameters Affect Volcanic Radiative Forcing Using Statistical Emulation L. Marshall et al. 10.1029/2018JD028675
- Evaluation of a method for converting Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) extinction coefficients to backscatter coefficients for intercomparison with lidar observations T. Knepp et al. 10.5194/amt-13-4261-2020
- Fingerprint of volcanic forcing on the ENSO–Indian monsoon coupling M. Singh et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aba8164
- Arctic spring and summertime aerosol optical depth baseline from long-term observations and model reanalyses – Part 1: Climatology and trend P. Xian et al. 10.5194/acp-22-9915-2022
- Stratospheric aerosol characteristics from space-borne observations: extinction coefficient and Ångström exponent E. Malinina et al. 10.5194/amt-12-3485-2019
- Shipborne lidar measurements showing the progression of the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol after the June 1991 Pinatubo eruption J. Antuña-Marrero et al. 10.5194/essd-12-2843-2020
- Causes of irregularities in trends of global mean surface temperature since the late 19th century C. Folland et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aao5297
- Stratospheric aerosol characteristics from SCIAMACHY limb observations: two-parameter retrieval C. Pohl et al. 10.5194/amt-17-4153-2024
- Modeled and Observed Volcanic Aerosol Control on Stratospheric NOy and Cly B. Zambri et al. 10.1029/2019JD031111
- Global Carbon Budget 2021 P. Friedlingstein et al. 10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022
- The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 <i>past1000</i> simulations J. Jungclaus et al. 10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017
- Impacts of Mt Pinatubo volcanic aerosol on the tropical stratosphere in chemistry–climate model simulations using CCMI and CMIP6 stratospheric aerosol data L. Revell et al. 10.5194/acp-17-13139-2017
133 citations as recorded by crossref.
- WFDE5: bias-adjusted ERA5 reanalysis data for impact studies M. Cucchi et al. 10.5194/essd-12-2097-2020
- Co-emission of volcanic sulfur and halogens amplifies volcanic effective radiative forcing J. Staunton-Sykes et al. 10.5194/acp-21-9009-2021
- Multi-parameter dynamical diagnostics for upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric studies L. Millán et al. 10.5194/amt-16-2957-2023
- Quantitative comparison of measured and simulated O<sub>4</sub> absorptions for one day with extremely low aerosol load over the tropical Atlantic T. Wagner et al. 10.5194/amt-14-3871-2021
- Causes of the long-term variability of southwestern South America precipitation in the IPSL-CM6A-LR model J. Villamayor et al. 10.1007/s00382-021-05811-y
- The sensitivity of Southern Ocean aerosols and cloud microphysics to sea spray and sulfate aerosol production in the HadGEM3-GA7.1 chemistry–climate model L. Revell et al. 10.5194/acp-19-15447-2019
- Quantifying CanESM5 and EAMv1 sensitivities to Mt. Pinatubo volcanic forcing for the CMIP6 historical experiment L. Rieger et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-4831-2020
- Bipolar ice-core records constrain possible dates and global radiative forcing following the ∼74 ka Toba eruption J. Lin et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108162
- The significance of volcanic ash in Greenland ice cores during the Common Era G. Plunkett et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107936
- Observed Temperature Changes in the Troposphere and Stratosphere from 1979 to 2018 A. Steiner et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0998.1
- High Flux of Small Sulfate Aerosols During the 1970s Reconstructed From the SE‐Dome Ice Core in Greenland Y. Iizuka et al. 10.1029/2022JD036880
- Reconstructing volcanic radiative forcing since 1990, using a comprehensive emission inventory and spatially resolved sulfur injections from satellite data in a chemistry-climate model J. Schallock et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1169-2023
- Evaluating the simulated radiative forcings, aerosol properties, and stratospheric warmings from the 1963 Mt Agung, 1982 El Chichón, and 1991 Mt Pinatubo volcanic aerosol clouds S. Dhomse et al. 10.5194/acp-20-13627-2020
- Synergetic Aerosol Layer Observation After the 2015 Calbuco Volcanic Eruption Event F. J. S. Lopes et al. 10.3390/rs11020195
- Quantifying SAGE II (1984–2005) and SAGE III/ISS (2017–2022) observations of smoke in the stratosphere L. Thomason & T. Knepp 10.5194/acp-23-10361-2023
- The Diurnal Variation of the Aerosol Optical Depth at the ARM SGP Site K. Balmes et al. 10.1029/2021EA001852
- ACCESS datasets for CMIP6: methodology and idealised experiments C. Mackallah et al. 10.1071/ES21031
- Global Surface Temperature Response to 11-Yr Solar Cycle Forcing Consistent with General Circulation Model Results T. Amdur et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0312.1
- Implementation of U.K. Earth System Models for CMIP6 A. Sellar et al. 10.1029/2019MS001946
- Modulation of radiative aerosols effects by atmospheric circulation over the Euro-Mediterranean region P. Nabat et al. 10.5194/acp-20-8315-2020
- Long-term (1995–2018) aerosol optical depth derived using ground based AERONET and SKYNET measurements from aerosol aged-background sites S. Ningombam et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.10.008
- Realistic Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation Variability in Historical and Decadal Hindcast Simulations Using CMIP6 Forcing H. Pohlmann et al. 10.1029/2019GL084878
- The Recovery and Re-Calibration of a 13-Month Aerosol Extinction Profiles Dataset from Searchlight Observations from New Mexico, after the 1963 Agung Eruption J. Antuña-Marrero et al. 10.3390/atmos15060635
- How to reconstruct aerosol-induced diffuse radiation scenario for simulating GPP in land surface models? An evaluation of reconstruction methods with ORCHIDEE_DFv1.0_DFforc Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-2029-2021
- Reanalysis intercomparison of potential vorticity and potential-vorticity-based diagnostics L. Millán et al. 10.5194/acp-21-5355-2021
- Response of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation to Historical Volcanic Eruptions K. DallaSanta et al. 10.1029/2021GL095412
- Radiative Forcing of Climate: The Historical Evolution of the Radiative Forcing Concept, the Forcing Agents and their Quantification, and Applications V. Ramaswamy et al. 10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-19-0001.1
- Aerosol–light interactions reduce the carbon budget imbalance M. O’Sullivan et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac3b77
- Structural changes in the shallow and transition branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation induced by El Niño M. Diallo et al. 10.5194/acp-19-425-2019
- The CNRM Global Atmosphere Model ARPEGE‐Climat 6.3: Description and Evaluation R. Roehrig et al. 10.1029/2020MS002075
- Representativeness of single lidar stations for zonally averaged ozone profiles, their trends and attribution to proxies C. Zerefos et al. 10.5194/acp-18-6427-2018
- Atmosphere–ocean–aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOLv4.0: description and evaluation T. Sukhodolov et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-5525-2021
- Molecular characterization of firework-related urban aerosols using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry Q. Xie et al. 10.5194/acp-20-6803-2020
- Inconsistencies between chemistry–climate models and observed lower stratospheric ozone trends since 1998 W. Ball et al. 10.5194/acp-20-9737-2020
- Relative Roles of Land and Ocean Cooling in Triggering an El Niño Following Tropical Volcanic Eruptions F. Liu et al. 10.1029/2022GL100609
- Variability and changes to the mean meridional circulation in isentropic coordinates C. Lucas et al. 10.1007/s00382-021-05903-9
- Stratospheric water vapour and ozone response to the quasi-biennial oscillation disruptions in 2016 and 2020 M. Diallo et al. 10.5194/acp-22-14303-2022
- GISS‐E2.1: Configurations and Climatology M. Kelley et al. 10.1029/2019MS002025
- Zonal Asymmetry of the QBO Temperature Signal in the Tropical Tropopause Region S. Tegtmeier et al. 10.1029/2020GL089533
- The Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model Version 2.0, MRI-ESM2.0: Description and Basic Evaluation of the Physical Component S. YUKIMOTO et al. 10.2151/jmsj.2019-051
- Stratospheric aerosol evolution after Pinatubo simulated with a coupled size-resolved aerosol–chemistry–climate model, SOCOL-AERv1.0 T. Sukhodolov et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-2633-2018
- A study of the approaches used to retrieve aerosol extinction, as applied to limb observations made by OSIRIS and SCIAMACHY L. Rieger et al. 10.5194/amt-11-3433-2018
- A Multiwavelength Retrieval Approach for Improved OSIRIS Aerosol Extinction Retrievals L. Rieger et al. 10.1029/2018JD029897
- Apportionment of the Pre‐Industrial to Present‐Day Climate Forcing by Methane Using UKESM1: The Role of the Cloud Radiative Effect F. O’Connor et al. 10.1029/2022MS002991
- A fully coupled solid-particle microphysics scheme for stratospheric aerosol injections within the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-7767-2024
- The Climate Response to the Mt. Pinatubo Eruption Does Not Constrain Climate Sensitivity A. Pauling et al. 10.1029/2023GL102946
- Future evolution of aerosols and implications for climate change in the Euro-Mediterranean region using the CNRM-ALADIN63 regional climate model T. Drugé et al. 10.5194/acp-21-7639-2021
- MISR Radiance Anomalies Induced by Stratospheric Volcanic Aerosols D. Wu et al. 10.3390/rs10121875
- Short- and long-term stratospheric impact of smoke from the 2019–2020 Australian wildfires J. Friberg et al. 10.5194/acp-23-12557-2023
- A New Volcanic Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Forcing Emulator (EVA_H): Comparison With Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Models T. Aubry et al. 10.1029/2019JD031303
- Origins and Spatial Distribution of Non-Pure Sulfate Particles (NSPs) in the Stratosphere Detected by the Balloon-Borne Light Optical Aerosols Counter (LOAC) J. Renard et al. 10.3390/atmos11101031
- Is the recovery of stratospheric O<sub>3</sub> speeding up in the Southern Hemisphere? An evaluation from the first IASI decadal record (2008–2017) C. Wespes et al. 10.5194/acp-19-14031-2019
- CREST: a Climate Data Record of Stratospheric Aerosols V. Sofieva et al. 10.5194/essd-16-5227-2024
- Polar stratospheric cloud climatology based on CALIPSO spaceborne lidar measurements from 2006 to 2017 M. Pitts et al. 10.5194/acp-18-10881-2018
- Evidence for the predictability of changes in the stratospheric aerosol size following volcanic eruptions of diverse magnitudes using space-based instruments L. Thomason et al. 10.5194/acp-21-1143-2021
- AEROSOL PARTICLES IN THE STRATOSPHERE: ORIGIN, COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES V. DANYLEVSKY & A. MOZGOVA 10.17721/BTSNUA.2023.68.51-56
- Historical (1850–2014) Aerosol Evolution and Role on Climate Forcing Using the GISS ModelE2.1 Contribution to CMIP6 S. Bauer et al. 10.1029/2019MS001978
- The historical ozone trends simulated with the SOCOLv4 and their comparison with observations and reanalyses A. Karagodin-Doyennel et al. 10.5194/acp-22-15333-2022
- Evaluation of the OMPS/LP stratospheric aerosol extinction product using SAGE III/ISS observations Z. Chen et al. 10.5194/amt-13-3471-2020
- The Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology (version 2.0): 1979–2018 M. Kovilakam et al. 10.5194/essd-12-2607-2020
- Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Microphysics‐Chemistry Simulations of the 1991 Pinatubo Volcanic Aerosols With Newly Coupled Sectional Aerosol and Stratosphere‐Troposphere Chemistry Modules in the NASA GEOS Chemistry‐Climate Model (CCM) P. Case et al. 10.1029/2022MS003147
- Present‐Day and Historical Aerosol and Ozone Characteristics in CNRM CMIP6 Simulations M. Michou et al. 10.1029/2019MS001816
- CMIP5 Climate Models Overestimate Cooling by Volcanic Aerosols P. Chylek et al. 10.1029/2020GL087047
- Climate model projections from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) of CMIP6 C. Tebaldi et al. 10.5194/esd-12-253-2021
- NorCPM1 and its contribution to CMIP6 DCPP I. Bethke et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-7073-2021
- Evaluation of CMIP6 DECK Experiments With CNRM‐CM6‐1 A. Voldoire et al. 10.1029/2019MS001683
- The ALTIUS atmospheric limb sounder D. Fussen et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.06.021
- Comparison of CMIP6 historical climate simulations and future projected warming to an empirical model of global climate L. McBride et al. 10.5194/esd-12-545-2021
- Impact of initialization methods on the predictive skill in NorCPM: an Arctic–Atlantic case study L. Passos et al. 10.1007/s00382-022-06437-4
- Effects of forcing differences and initial conditions on inter-model agreement in the VolMIP volc-pinatubo-full experiment D. Zanchettin et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-2265-2022
- Evaluation of CNRM Earth System Model, CNRM‐ESM2‐1: Role of Earth System Processes in Present‐Day and Future Climate R. Séférian et al. 10.1029/2019MS001791
- An empirical characterization of the aerosol Ångström exponent interpolation bias using SAGE III/ISS data R. Damadeo et al. 10.5194/amt-17-3669-2024
- A New Instrument for Balloon‐Borne In Situ Aerosol Size Distribution Measurements, the Continuation of a 50 Year Record of Stratospheric Aerosols Measurements L. Kalnajs & T. Deshler 10.1029/2022JD037485
- Temperature and tropopause characteristics from reanalyses data in the tropical tropopause layer S. Tegtmeier et al. 10.5194/acp-20-753-2020
- Natural and anthropogenic contributions to the hurricane drought of the 1970s–1980s R. Rousseau-Rizzi & K. Emanuel 10.1038/s41467-022-32779-y
- Long-term (1999–2019) variability of stratospheric aerosol over Mauna Loa, Hawaii, as seen by two co-located lidars and satellite measurements F. Chouza et al. 10.5194/acp-20-6821-2020
- How Does a Pinatubo‐Size Volcanic Cloud Reach the Middle Stratosphere? G. Stenchikov et al. 10.1029/2020JD033829
- A multi-spectral polarimetric imager for atmospheric profiling of aerosol and thin cloud: Prototype design and sub-orbital performance M. Kozun et al. 10.1063/5.0016129
- Black carbon lofts wildfire smoke high into the stratosphere to form a persistent plume P. Yu et al. 10.1126/science.aax1748
- Impact of volcanic eruptions on CMIP6 decadal predictions: a multi-model analysis R. Bilbao et al. 10.5194/esd-15-501-2024
- Overview and update of the SPARC Data Initiative: comparison of stratospheric composition measurements from satellite limb sounders M. Hegglin et al. 10.5194/essd-13-1855-2021
- Volcanic effects on climate: recent advances and future avenues L. Marshall et al. 10.1007/s00445-022-01559-3
- New estimates of sulfate diffusion rates in the EPICA Dome C ice core R. Rhodes et al. 10.5194/cp-20-2031-2024
- Volcanic impact on the climate – the stratospheric aerosol load in the period 2006–2015 J. Friberg et al. 10.5194/acp-18-11149-2018
- Variability and trends of the tropical tropopause derived from a 1980–2021 multi-reanalysis assessment L. Zou et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1177502
- Importance of microphysical settings for climate forcing by stratospheric SO2 injections as modeled by SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-4181-2024
- Impact of present and future aircraft NOxand aerosol emissions on atmospheric composition and associated direct radiative forcing of climate E. Terrenoire et al. 10.5194/acp-22-11987-2022
- In situ measurements of perturbations to stratospheric aerosol and modeled ozone and radiative impacts following the 2021 La Soufrière eruption Y. Li et al. 10.5194/acp-23-15351-2023
- Recovery of the first ever multi-year lidar dataset of the stratospheric aerosol layer, from Lexington, MA, and Fairbanks, AK, January 1964 to July 1965 J. Antuña-Marrero et al. 10.5194/essd-13-4407-2021
- Numerical Modeling of the Natural and Manmade Factors Influencing Past and Current Changes in Polar, Mid-Latitude and Tropical Ozone S. Smyshlyaev et al. 10.3390/atmos11010076
- Climate change modulates the stratospheric volcanic sulfate aerosol lifecycle and radiative forcing from tropical eruptions T. Aubry et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-24943-7
- Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 A. Feinberg et al. 10.5194/gmd-12-3863-2019
- Trends and Variability in Stratospheric NOx Derived From Merged SAGE II and OSIRIS Satellite Observations K. Dubé et al. 10.1029/2019JD031798
- CALIPSO level 3 stratospheric aerosol profile product: version 1.00 algorithm description and initial assessment J. Kar et al. 10.5194/amt-12-6173-2019
- Global Carbon Budget 2022 P. Friedlingstein et al. 10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022
- The impact of ENSO and NAO initial conditions and anomalies on the modeled response to Pinatubo-sized volcanic forcing H. Weierbach et al. 10.5194/acp-23-15491-2023
- The 852/3 CE Mount Churchill eruption: examining the potential climatic and societal impacts and the timing of the Medieval Climate Anomaly in the North Atlantic region H. Mackay et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1475-2022
- Measurement report: Violent biomass burning and volcanic eruptions – a new period of elevated stratospheric aerosol over central Europe (2017 to 2023) in a long series of observations T. Trickl et al. 10.5194/acp-24-1997-2024
- OMPS LP Version 2.0 multi-wavelength aerosol extinction coefficient retrieval algorithm G. Taha et al. 10.5194/amt-14-1015-2021
- Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations Ø. Seland et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020
- Analysis of the global atmospheric background sulfur budget in a multi-model framework C. Brodowsky et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5513-2024
- Beijing Climate Center Earth System Model version 1 (BCC-ESM1): model description and evaluation of aerosol simulations T. Wu et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-977-2020
- Assessment of pre-industrial to present-day anthropogenic climate forcing in UKESM1 F. O'Connor et al. 10.5194/acp-21-1211-2021
- Systematic comparison of vectorial spherical radiative transfer models in limb scattering geometry D. Zawada et al. 10.5194/amt-14-3953-2021
- Variability and long-term changes in tropical cold-point temperature and water vapor M. Zolghadrshojaee et al. 10.5194/acp-24-7405-2024
- Tonga volcanic eruption triggered anomalous Arctic warming in early 2022 Y. Bao et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2023.102258
- Climate, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity of “Middle Atmosphere” Chemistry Configurations of the Community Earth System Model Version 2, Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (CESM2(WACCM6)) N. Davis et al. 10.1029/2022MS003579
- Quantifying Stratospheric Temperature Signals and Climate Imprints From Post‐2000 Volcanic Eruptions M. Stocker et al. 10.1029/2019GL084396
- Pyrocumulonimbus Events Over British Columbia in 2017: An Ensemble Model Study of Parameter Sensitivities and Climate Impacts of Wildfire Smoke in the Stratosphere H. Lee et al. 10.1029/2022JD037648
- Description and performance of a sectional aerosol microphysical model in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) S. Tilmes et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-6087-2023
- SAGE III/ISS aerosol/cloud categorization and its impact on GloSSAC M. Kovilakam et al. 10.5194/amt-16-2709-2023
- Comparison of Coincident Optical Particle Counter and Lidar Measurements of Polar Stratospheric Clouds Above McMurdo (77.85°S, 166.67°E) From 1994 to 1999 M. Snels et al. 10.1029/2020JD033572
- Volcanic Radiative Forcing From 1979 to 2015 A. Schmidt et al. 10.1029/2018JD028776
- Model evaluation of short-lived climate forcers for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme: a multi-species, multi-model study C. Whaley et al. 10.5194/acp-22-5775-2022
- Stratospheric ozone trends for 1985–2018: sensitivity to recent large variability W. Ball et al. 10.5194/acp-19-12731-2019
- Validating a microphysical prognostic stratospheric aerosol implementation in E3SMv2 using observations after the Mount Pinatubo eruption H. Brown et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-5087-2024
- The EC-Earth3 Earth system model for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 R. Döscher et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-2973-2022
- Using Climate Model Simulations to Constrain Observations B. Santer et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0768.1
- Atmospheric impacts of chlorinated very short-lived substances over the recent past – Part 1: Stratospheric chlorine budget and the role of transport E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-22-10657-2022
- Interactive stratospheric aerosol models' response to different amounts and altitudes of SO2 injection during the 1991 Pinatubo eruption I. Quaglia et al. 10.5194/acp-23-921-2023
- Modeling the Sulfate Aerosol Evolution After Recent Moderate Volcanic Activity, 2008–2012 C. Brodowsky et al. 10.1029/2021JD035472
- Impact of volcanic aerosol hemispheric symmetry on Sahel rainfall T. Jacobson et al. 10.1007/s00382-020-05347-7
- Description and evaluation of aerosol in UKESM1 and HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP6 historical simulations J. Mulcahy et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-6383-2020
- Exploring How Eruption Source Parameters Affect Volcanic Radiative Forcing Using Statistical Emulation L. Marshall et al. 10.1029/2018JD028675
- Evaluation of a method for converting Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) extinction coefficients to backscatter coefficients for intercomparison with lidar observations T. Knepp et al. 10.5194/amt-13-4261-2020
- Fingerprint of volcanic forcing on the ENSO–Indian monsoon coupling M. Singh et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aba8164
- Arctic spring and summertime aerosol optical depth baseline from long-term observations and model reanalyses – Part 1: Climatology and trend P. Xian et al. 10.5194/acp-22-9915-2022
- Stratospheric aerosol characteristics from space-borne observations: extinction coefficient and Ångström exponent E. Malinina et al. 10.5194/amt-12-3485-2019
- Shipborne lidar measurements showing the progression of the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol after the June 1991 Pinatubo eruption J. Antuña-Marrero et al. 10.5194/essd-12-2843-2020
- Causes of irregularities in trends of global mean surface temperature since the late 19th century C. Folland et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aao5297
- Stratospheric aerosol characteristics from SCIAMACHY limb observations: two-parameter retrieval C. Pohl et al. 10.5194/amt-17-4153-2024
- Modeled and Observed Volcanic Aerosol Control on Stratospheric NOy and Cly B. Zambri et al. 10.1029/2019JD031111
- Global Carbon Budget 2021 P. Friedlingstein et al. 10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022
2 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 <i>past1000</i> simulations J. Jungclaus et al. 10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017
- Impacts of Mt Pinatubo volcanic aerosol on the tropical stratosphere in chemistry–climate model simulations using CCMI and CMIP6 stratospheric aerosol data L. Revell et al. 10.5194/acp-17-13139-2017
Latest update: 19 Nov 2024
Short summary
We describe the construction of a continuous 38-year record of stratospheric aerosol optical properties. The Global Space-based Stratospheric Aerosol Climatology, or GloSSAC, provided the input data to the construction of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project stratospheric aerosol forcing data set (1979 to 2014) and is now extended through 2016. GloSSAC focuses on the the SAGE series of instruments through mid-2005 and on OSIRIS and CALIPSO after that time.
We describe the construction of a continuous 38-year record of stratospheric aerosol optical...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint