CzechGrids Micro: microclimate temperature offset grids at 10 m resolution for the Czech Republic

Abstract. Microclimate represents climatic conditions at spatial scales of meters to tens of meters and often deviates substantially from regional macroclimate due to effects of local topography and land cover. These deviations shape species distributions, ecosystem processes, and organism responses to climate change, yet spatially explicit microclimatic data have long been unavailable at national scales.

Here we present a high-resolution (10 m) dataset of monthly microclimatic temperature offsets for the Czech Republic. Microclimate is expressed as offsets between in situ air temperature measurements at 2 m height and downscaled, elevation-corrected macroclimatic temperatures from the ERA5-Land climate reanalysis. Temperature offsets were modelled separately for mean, minimum, and maximum monthly air temperature using generalized additive models trained on a large network of forest microclimate loggers and standard meteorological stations, covering the period 2018–2024. To capture spatially explicit microclimatic effects, the models integrated variables representing topographic parameters, vegetation characteristics, urban heat island effects and their seasonal dynamics.

The resulting CzechGrids Micro dataset consists of 39 GeoTIFF rasters providing monthly and annual local air temperature offsets that can be combined with downscaled ERA5-Land data to derive absolute microclimatic temperatures for any user-defined periods. The maps are primarily intended for applications in ecological research, climate impact assessments, and adaptation planning at fine spatial scales.

The CzechGrids Micro monthly temperature offset grids are freely available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18472086 (Macek et al., 2026).