GloSVeT: a global 0.05° monthly mean surface soil and vegetation component temperature dataset (2003–2023)

Abstract. Current satellite-derived land surface temperature products represent a mixed radiative signal that integrates soil and vegetation contributions, obscuring the physical mechanisms controlling surface energy partitioning and ecosystem functioning. To overcome this limitation, this study developed the Global Soil and Vegetation Temperature dataset (GloSVeT), the first global product that simultaneously provides surface soil and vegetation component temperatures at 0.05° spatial resolution for the period 2003–2023. GloSVeT was generated using the FuSVeT method, which integrates multi-temporal MODIS observations with ERA5-Land reanalysis to improve spatial completeness, retrieval accuracy, and computational efficiency. Its performance was extensively assessed through a comprehensive evaluation framework combining flux-tower validation, triple collocation (TC) analysis, and physical consistency assessments. Results show that GloSVeT achieves high accuracy, with coefficients of determination exceeding 0.9 and root mean square errors around 2 K for both components. TC analysis further demonstrates globally consistent performance, with distinct advantages in humid tropics and transitional ecosystems compared with reanalysis products. In addition, soil temperature anomalies correlate negatively with soil moisture whereas vegetation temperature aligns with solar-induced fluorescence along a clear gradient from energy-limited to water-limited biomes, indicating the physical realism of GloSVeT. Both components exhibit significant warming during 2003–2023 (0.39–0.44 K/decade), with spatially and seasonally interpretable patterns. In summary, GloSVeT provides a physically consistent, observation-driven depiction of surface thermal dynamics, offering new opportunities for quantifying land–atmosphere energy exchange, monitoring ecosystem hydrothermal responses, and improving the representation of land surface processes in Earth system models. GloSVeT is publicly available at https://zenodo.org/records/17461084, and https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/zh-hans/data/13b88dce-6bea-45f6-90e6-136e1fb57768.