Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-360
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-360
07 Jul 2025
 | 07 Jul 2025
Status: this preprint is currently under review for the journal ESSD.

Atmospheric and Ocean CO2 Measurements in the South Indian Ocean Made by Two Uncrewed Surface Vehicles in 2022 and 2023

Don P. Chambers, Jennifer A. Bonin, Adrienne Sutton, Roman Battisti, Stacy Maenner, Veronica Tamsitt, and Nancy Williams

Abstract. During the second half of 2022 and the first several months on 2023, a pair of Uncrewed Surface Vehicles (USVs) collected high-resolution (~5-km sampling) measurements of ocean and atmosphere pCO2, air temperature and humidity, wind, ocean skin temperature, sea surface temperature, salinity, ocean color (Chlorophyll α), dissolved oxygen, and ocean current velocity between roughly 13.5° E and 82° E and between the Subtropical Front (STF) and the Subantarctic Front (SAF). The mission track spanned from the Agulhas Return Current south of South Africa to the northern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current downstream of the Kerguelen Plateau. The primary goal of the mission was to collect data within cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies to quantify CO2 fluxes to better understand physical processes (upwelling and downwelling) that that can contribute to carbon cycling in addition to the biological pump. In this paper, we present an overview of the mission, details on the data collected, and a preliminary look at calculated surface pCO2, separated into cyclonic/anti-cyclonic/no-eddy conditions.

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Don P. Chambers, Jennifer A. Bonin, Adrienne Sutton, Roman Battisti, Stacy Maenner, Veronica Tamsitt, and Nancy Williams

Status: open (until 13 Aug 2025)

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Don P. Chambers, Jennifer A. Bonin, Adrienne Sutton, Roman Battisti, Stacy Maenner, Veronica Tamsitt, and Nancy Williams

Data sets

Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity and other parameters from Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) Saildrone 1039 (EXPOCODE 316420220901) in the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean from 2022-09-01 to 2023-04-27 (NCEI Accession 0300658). Don P. Chambers et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/6b0k-r665

Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity and other parameters from Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) Saildrone 1038 (EXPOCODE 316420220616) in the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean from 2022-06-16 to 2022-07-26 (NCEI Accession 0302848) Don P. Chambers et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/r2mt-t398

Physical and chemical surface observations in the South Indian Ocean from two uncrewed sailing vehicles Don Chambers et al. https://doi.org/10.17632/9ymsjsyhhp.1

Don P. Chambers, Jennifer A. Bonin, Adrienne Sutton, Roman Battisti, Stacy Maenner, Veronica Tamsitt, and Nancy Williams

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Short summary
Two Uncrewed Surface Vehicles (USVs) collected observations of ocean/atmosphere pCO2 in 2022–2023 in the South Indian Ocean. The primary goal of the mission was to collect data within cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies during Austral Winter along the Polar Front. Unfortunate issues with the vehicles led to observations being collected in the spring and summer months and north of the Polar Front. Twelve eddies were sampled, but no meaningful relationship between pCO2 anomalies and eddies was found.
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