Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-255
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-255
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
15 May 2025
| 15 May 2025
Status: this preprint is currently under review for the journal ESSD.
Synthesis of data products for ocean carbonate chemistry
Abstract. As the largest active carbon reservoir on Earth, the ocean is a cornerstone of the global carbon cycle, playing a pivotal role in modulating ocean health and regulating climate. Understanding these crucial roles requires access to a broad array of data products documenting the changing chemistry of the global ocean as a vast and interconnected system. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of 60 existing ocean carbonate chemistry data products, encompassing compilations of cruise datasets, derived gap-filled data products, model simulations, and compilations thereof. It is intended to help researchers identify and access data products that best align with their research objectives, thereby advancing our understanding of the ocean's evolving carbonate chemistry.
How to cite. Jiang, L.-Q., Fay, A., Müller, J. D., Keppler, L., Carroll, D., Lauvset, S. K., DeVries, T., Hauck, J., Rödenbeck, C., Gregor, L., Metzl, N., Fassbender, A. J., Gattuso, J.-P., Landschützer, P., Wanninkhof, R., Sabine, C., Alin, S. R., Hoppema, M., Olsen, A., Humphreys, M. P., Azetsu-Scott, K., Bakker, D. C. E., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Besemer, N., Bittig, H. C., Boyd, A. E., Broullón, D., Cai, W.-J., Carter, B. R., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chen, C.-T. A., Cyr, F., Dore, J. E., Enochs, I., Feely, R. A., Garcia, H. E., Gehlen, M., Gloege, L., González-Dávila, M., Gruber, N., Iida, Y., Ishii, M., Kennedy, E., Kozyr, A., Lange, N., Lo Monaco, C., Manzello, D. P., McKinley, G. A., Monacci, N. M., Padin, X. A., Palacio-Castro, A. M., Pérez, F. F., Roobaert, A., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sharp, J., Sutton, A., Swift, J., Tanhua, T., Telszewski, M., Terhaar, J., van Hooidonk, R., Velo, A., Watson, A. J., White, A. E., Wu, Z., Yoo, H., and Zeng, J.: Synthesis of data products for ocean carbonate chemistry, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-255, in review, 2025.
Competing interests: One of the co-authors, Anton Velo (Instituto de Investigacions Mariñas, IIM – CSIC, Vigo, Spain), is a member of the editorial board of Earth System Science Data.
Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.Download & links
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Data sets
Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2024 (SOCATv2024) (NCEI Accession 0293257) Dorothee C. E. Bakker et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/9wpn-th28
Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2.2023 (GLODAPv2.2023) (NCEI Accession 0283442) Siv K. Lauvset et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/zyrq-ht66
Latest update: 15 May 2025
Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
Amanda Fay
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
Jens Daniel Müller
Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Lydia Keppler
Vycarb Inc., Brooklyn, New York, United States
Dustin Carroll
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San José State University, Moss Landing, California, United States
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
Siv K. Lauvset
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Tim DeVries
Department of Geography and Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States
Judith Hauck
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Christian Rödenbeck
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Luke Gregor
Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Swiss Data Science Center, ETH Zurich and EPFL, Zurich, Switzerland
Nicolas Metzl
Laboratoire LOCEAN/IPSL, Sorbonne Université-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, 75005 Paris, France
Andrea J. Fassbender
NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Paris, France
Peter Landschützer
Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
Rik Wanninkhof
NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
Christopher Sabine
Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, 1000 Pope Rd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
Simone R. Alin
NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
Mario Hoppema
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Are Olsen
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Matthew P. Humphreys
Department of Ocean Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, the Netherlands
Kumiko Azetsu-Scott
Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nov Scotia, Canada
Dorothee C. E. Bakker
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
Leticia Barbero
NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
Nicholas R. Bates
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, ASU-BIOS, 17 Biological Lane, St. Georges, GEO1, Bermuda
School of Ocean Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
Nicole Besemer
NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
Henry C. Bittig
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
Albert E. Boyd
NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
Daniel Broullón
Instituto de Investigacions Mariñas, IIM - CSIC, Vigo, Spain
Wei-Jun Cai
School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
Brendan R. Carter
Independent researcher
Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE-IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Centre de recherches INRIA, Université Paris–Saclay, René Thom, F–91190, Gif–sur–Yvette, France
Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Frédéric Cyr
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Current affiliation: Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial 63 University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
John E. Dore
Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States
Ian Enochs
NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
Richard A. Feely
NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
Hernan E. Garcia
NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
Marion Gehlen
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE-IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Lucas Gloege
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
Melchor González-Dávila
Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las 67 Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Nicolas Gruber
Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Yosuke Iida
Atmosphere and Ocean Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, 3-6-9 Toranomon, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
Masao Ishii
Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
Esther Kennedy
University of California Davis, Bodea Marine Laboratory, Davis, California, United States
Alex Kozyr
Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
Nico Lange
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Claire Lo Monaco
Laboratoire LOCEAN/IPSL, Sorbonne Université-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, 75005 Paris, France
Derek P. Manzello
Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States
Galen A. McKinley
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
Natalie M. Monacci
College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States
Xose A. Padin
Instituto de Investigacions Mariñas, IIM - CSIC, Vigo, Spain
Ana M. Palacio-Castro
NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
Fiz F. Pérez
Instituto de Investigacions Mariñas, IIM - CSIC, Vigo, Spain
Alizée Roobaert
Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las 67 Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Jonathan Sharp
NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
Adrienne Sutton
NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
Jim Swift
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, United States
Toste Tanhua
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Maciej Telszewski
International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
Jens Terhaar
Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Ruben van Hooidonk
Science for Climate Change Resilience, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States
Anton Velo
Instituto de Investigacions Mariñas, IIM - CSIC, Vigo, Spain
Andrew J. Watson
Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
Angelicque E. White
Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, 1000 Pope Rd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
Hyelim Yoo
Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
Jiye Zeng
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
Short summary
This review article provides an overview of 60 existing ocean carbonate chemistry data products, encompassing a broad range of types, including compilations of cruise datasets, gap-filled observational products, model simulations, and more. It is designed to help researchers identify and access the data products that best support their scientific objectives, thereby facilitating progress in understanding the ocean's changing carbonate chemistry.
This review article provides an overview of 60 existing ocean carbonate chemistry data products,...
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