Absolute gravity measurements at Brest (France) between 1998 and 2022

Abstract. Repeated absolute gravity measurements, conducted once or twice per year, have proven valuable for quantifying slow vertical land motion with a precision better than 0.4 μGal per year (1 μGal = 10⁻⁸ m s⁻²) after a decade or more. This precision is comparable to vertical velocity estimates derived from continuously operating space-based geodetic techniques such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Furthermore, absolute gravimeters are particularly well suited for long-term studies, as their measurements are based on fundamental length and time standards (laser and atomic clock) and remain independent of terrestrial reference frame realizations, unlike GNSS. Consequently, an absolute gravimeter can return years or even decades later and provide relevant measurements, provided the initial gravity data are well documented and the ground gravity marker remains undisturbed. Following this line of thinking, we have compiled and consistently reprocessed absolute gravity measurements collected between 1998 and 2022 in Brest, on the French Atlantic coast, near its century-long tide gauge station. The entire dataset has been reanalyzed in accordance with international recognized standards for instrumental and modelling corrections. This effort has yielded a 25-year time series of absolute gravity values, which we present and document for future studies, along with details on our reprocessing methodology. We assess the quality of this dataset and evaluate the extent to which the observed linear gravity trend agrees with vertical velocity estimates from the nearby GNSS station co-located with the tide gauge. The gravity data and metadata are made available via the French hydrographic agency Shom portal (https://doi.org/10.17183/DATASET_GRAVI_BREST; Lalancette et al, 2024).